Development of CD163 receptor-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an important economical disease in the global swine industry. The accurate detection of the PRRS virus (PRRSV) antigen is essential for the disease control and prevention programme. In this study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (PRRSVCD163-iELISA) was developed for the detection of the PRRSV antigen in samples of post-mortem swine tissue using the recombinant pig CD163 receptor protein as the capture ligand. The test was found to be specific for PRRSV, with no cross-reactions with other prevalent pig viral pathogens. The assay was validated by testing 217 post-mortem porcine tissue samples and the results were found to be satisfactory with a relative accuracy of 88.88%. Our assay is also quite precise, with intra- and inter-assay CVs of 6% and 10%, respectively. These findings imply that the PRRSVCD163-iELISA developed is capable of detecting the PRRSV antigen in swine post-mortem tissue samples. This research showed that porcine CD163, the PRRSV cellular receptor, can be exploited to build a diagnostic technique for the detection of PRRSV antigen. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03376-z.

Genome-wide expression analysis reveal host genes involved in immediate-early infections of different sheeppox virus strains.

This study explored the transcriptome of lamb testis cells infected with sheeppox virus (SPPV) wild strain (WS) and vaccine strain (VS) at an immediate-early time. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed highly connected (DEHC) gene network were found to be involved in SPPV-VS infection compared to SPPV-WS. Further, the signaling pathways were mostly involved in SPPV-VS infection than SPPV-WS. SPPV modulates the expression of several important host proteins such as CD40, FAS, ITGß1, ITGα1, Pak1, Pak2, CD14, ILK leading to viral attachment and entry; immune-related DEGs such as MAPK, JNK, ERK, NFKB, IKB, PI3K, STAT which provide optimal cellular condition for early viral protein expression; and FOXO3, ATF, CDKNA1, TCF, SRF, BDNF which help in inducing apoptosis and MPTP, BAD and Tp53 inhibits apoptosis or cell death at the immediate-early time. The results captured the specific genes and enabled to understand distinct pathogenic mechanisms employed by VS and WS of SPPV.

A cross-sectional study of gynaecological morbidity among married women in field practice area of community health centre Rajapur, Gulbarga.

There is always concern about the healthcare of women during pregnancy and child birth and prevention of maternal mortality on priority. By contrast little attention has been given to the reproductive health of non-pregnant women. There is always a relative neglect of gynaecological care which fails to appreciate the magnitude of the problem in the community. The objectives of the study were to assess the level of gynaecological morbidity among married women and to assess the magnitude of gynaecological problems in relation to their history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. This study is one cross-sectional and the area selected was Rajapur village field practice area, MR Medical College, Gulbarga. Population of Rajapur is 5000 spread over nearly in 850 familes. Family was taken as unit for study purpose. Estimated married women were 580. The sample interval was taken as two. Sample size constituted 290 married women. The information was collected in pretested proforma, gynaecological examination and laboratory investigation were done at community health centre. In the present study gynaecological morbidity perceived by women was 81.37% (including menstrual problems). Disease per woman as perceived by woman was 2.48%, but gynaecological morbidity on clinical examination was 79.66%. Disease per woman on clinical examination was 1.57%. On laboratory investigations 24.24% women had inflammatory cells on microscopic examination of urine and 1.29% women were found to have blood VDRL reactive, on laboratory investigation done among the 231cases. Pap smear report showed out of 290 women, 162 (55.86%) showed inflammatory changes. Only one woman ie, 0.34% had neoplasia, but there were 22 (7.58%), 2 (0.68%) and 12 (4.13%) women had mild, moderate and severe dysplasia respectively. Trichomonas vaginitis was observed in 10 women (3.44%).