Acute pancreatitis due to ascariasis: a sonographic pictorial essay on four cases.

Ascariasis is the commonest helminthic disease to infect humans. Due to their wandering nature, the roundworms from the second part of the duodenum migrate through the biliary opening into the hepatobiliary and pancreatic ducts. Ascariasis is the most common parasitic cause of pancreatitis in endemic region. Pancreatitis can result due to pancreatic ascariasis, biliary ascariasis or both. Pancreatitis due to ascariasis can be severe and life-threatening. We present a pictorial essay of acute pancreatitis due to ascariasis on four cases.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C is an emerging disease with different studies showing varying prevalence rates across India. In several studies, prevalence of hepatitis C infection was found to be higher in diabetics than nondiabetics. However, none has been reported from India. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine the sero-prevalence of hepatitis C infection in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of all T2DM patients attending endocrine clinic in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal from October 2011 to September 2013. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All T2DM patients included and exclusion criteria are patients with other forms of diabetes, liver failure, renal failure, malignancy or other chronic illness. Patient's age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, history of risk factors, etc., collected and investigated for blood glucose fasting and prandial levels, transaminases levels, hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening, etc.. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20; appropriate test used where applicable. RESULTS: Out of the 192 T2DM patients screened, prevalence rate of HCV sero-positivity is found to be 5.7% (11/192), higher in males. History of jaundice in the past was the only significant history among sero-positive patients. Transaminases levels are significantly higher in sero-postive cases. They had higher fasting and postprandial blood glucose, fasting glucose levels being significantly higher. CONCLUSION: Our study shows a slightly higher prevalence of hepatitis C infection in type 2 diabetics.

Prevalence of lean type 2 diabetes mellitus in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity has always been thought to be a risk factor for diabetes; however, some studies in India have reported that even lean people are prone to diabetes. We conducted this study to see if this holds true for this part of the country. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of lean type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in recently diagnosed type 2 DM in Manipur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All recently diagnosed type 2 DM patients, within a period of 24 weeks, who attended the endocrine clinic of RIMS from Jan to Dec 2012 are included in the study. Exclusion criteria are patients with chronic diseases. RESULTS: Out of the 181 recently diagnosed diabetics 3.9% had a BMI of <19 kg/m(2) of which five are females (5.4% of female patients) and two are males (2.2% of male patients). Mean age of Lean diabetics is 54.86 ± 15.32, mean fasting glucose is 212 ± 105.5 mg% and mean postprandial glucose is 351.57 ± 167.79 mg%. DM complications were observed in 28.6% of the Lean diabetics. CONCLUSION: Our study shows a low prevalence rate of Lean DM in recently diagnosed type 2 DM.