RESUMO
Amphidynamic crystals, which possess crystallinity and support dynamic behaviours, are very well suited to the exploration of emergent phenomena that result from the coupling on the dynamic moieties. Here, dipolar rotors have been embedded in a crystalline metal-organic framework. The material consists of Zn(II) nodes and two types of ditopic bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-based linkers-one that coordinates to the Zn clusters through two 1,4-aza moieties, and a difluoro-functionalized derivative (the dipolar rotor) that coordinates through linked 1,4-dicarboxylate groups instead. Upon cooling, these linkers collectively order as a result of correlated dipole-dipole interactions. Variable-temperature, frequency-dependent dielectric measurements revealed a transition temperature Tc = 100 K, when a rapidly rotating, dipole-disordered, paraelectric phase transformed into an ordered, antiferroelectric one in which the dipole moments of the rotating linkers largely cancelled each other. Monte Carlo simulations on a two-dimensional rotary lattice showed a ground state with an Ising symmetry and the effects of dipole-lattice and dipole-dipole interactions.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Patients are looking for information regarding palliative care in different sources. Goal of this study is the analysis of the most important online forum for cancer patients, Cancer Compass, concerning palliative care. METHODOLOGY: On the chosen date, 3.02.2012, all threads on the various topics (cancer types, cancer treatment, specific user groups, general topics, advice and addresses, countries and regions, Über den Krebs-Kompass & Vermischtes) were systematically analyzed. All entries relating to palliative care were recorded and subsequently analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: From 231 threads relating to palliative care, 163 were relevant.The general practitioner is the main source of information, but the internet is gaining importance. The forum users often offer good explanations of cancer and palliative care and also refer to web pages with exact definitions. Reliability of web pages is a one issue discussed in the forum.Patients are afraid of pain and dying. Relatives fear for the patient, are overwhelmed and experience existential problems. Both groups use the Cancer Compass to share experiences and get psychological support. Thus Cancer Compass offers a possibility to discuss options for improving quality of life.Especially in the initial phase of care, many users are uncertain what palliative care means. The treatment of pain represents the main concern of patients and their families. Whereas dedicated palliative care wards are rated positively, users speak less positively about pain treatment in general wards in home care.In general, inpatient palliative care was rated positively. However information regarding outpatient care is lacking. Family care is mostly not possible on account of geographical distance. One point of criticism is the discrepancy between urban and rural areas. Patients place more trust in their general practitioner than in hospital doctors. CONCLUSION: Cancer Compass is an important medium for patients and their families to share information, i. a. on palliative care. In order to improve the reliability of information from the internet, a certification of websites would be helpful. In web forums moderators may improve the quality of information.
