Effects of Organophosphate-Degrading Bacteria on the Plant Biomass, Active Medicinal Components, and Soil Phosphorus Levels of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, a medicinal plant that originated in Yunnan (China), has been over-harvested in the wild population, resulting in its artificial cultivation. Given the negative environmental impacts of the excessive use of phosphorus (P) fertilization, the application of organophosphate-degrading bacteria (OPDB) is a sustainable approach for improving the P use efficiency in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis production. The present work aimed to analyze the effects of three organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria of Bacillus on the yield and quality of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and the P concentrations in the soil. All the inoculation treatments distinctly increased the rhizome biomass, steroidal, and total saponin concentrations of the rhizomes and the Olsen-P and organic P in the soil. The highest growth rate of rhizomes biomass, steroidal saponins, available phosphorus, and total phosphorus content was seen in the S7 group, which was inoculated with all three OPDB strains, showing increases of 134.58%, 132.56%, 51.64%, and 17.19%, respectively. The highest total saponin content was found in the group inoculated with B. mycoides and B. wiedmannii, which increased by 33.68%. Moreover, the highest organic P content was seen in the group inoculated with B. wiedmannii and B. proteolyticus, which increased by 96.20%. In addition, the rhizome biomass was significantly positively correlated with the saponin concentration, together with the positive correlation between the Olsen-P and organic P and total P. It is concluded that inoculation with organophosphate-degrading bacteria improved the biomass and medicinal ingredients of the rhizome in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, coupled with increased soil P fertility, with a mixture of the three bacteria performing best.

Study on temporary resolution for offshore marine oil spill emergencies based on remote sensing system.

Time is particularly critical for an oil spill occurring in the ocean as wind and current can rapidly spread the oil over a large area in a short time. Using the features of sensor surveillance system and mathematical trajectory models, the cooperation of surveillance and trajectory under oil spill emergency response is presented in this paper. Based on integration of equation simulating an oil spill trajectory, the method for remote-sensing application time (Te) has been described, and optimization of processing time described in the application time equation has been proposed. This contribution, which is integrated with remote-sensing and mathematical models, is expected to be a powerful tool for real-time contingency planning in the Dalian Xingang oil spill. According to these findings, the method allowed spills emergency alerts to make the best decision for choosing remote-sensing data, considering effective temporary resolution.

[An SVM real-time method by utilizing curvelet transform in nonlinear laser-induced fluorescence of oil recognition].

This paper presents a real-time nonlinear laser fluorescence recognition method. First, the feature vectors consisting of transform coefficients were obtained by utilizing the three layers curvelet transform to decompose the pre-processing fluorescence spectrum of the heavy oil, diesel, crude oil and other types of common oils in various angles and different scales. Then the feature vectors were regarded as the parameters and sent into the support vector machines (SVM) for training. Finally, the trained SVM was used for spectral classification of the oil slicks. Results from the trial suggest that it didn't rely on a large number of samples, so that the number of support vectors was significantly reduced and the operation time was shortened for real-time running. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed method proves to be more efficient, faster and more reliable and has real-time capabilities.

[Study on spectrum of oil film in ice-infested waters].

Oil spills in ice-infested waters are a subject of great concern to corporations, local residents, and government agencies, which participate in oil exploration, production, and transportation in ice-infested regions recently. For developing a credible and effective response to oil spill in ice-infested waters, a field experiment was performed on the spectrum of oil film in ice-infested waters. In this experiment, four groups of spectrum samples were collected, including clean sea water, brash ice and even ice and sea water/brash ice/even ice contaminated by diesel and crude oil. The experiment results indicated that: the same sort of oil with different background had different reflectance at the same wavelength, and so did the same sort of oil with the same background but different distribution state; nevertheless there were some common characteristics within the same oil. For example, diesel had two apparent characteristics, no matter on the surface of sea water or brash ice or even ice, the first of which was that the reflectance curves of diesel film were first lower and then higher than that of clean sea water, brash ice or even ice according to the wavelength; the second was that the reflectance curves of diesel film were almost equaled to that of the background between 400 and 510 nm in sea water, 410 and 510 nm in brash ice and 490 and 510 nm in even ice. The spectrum curves of crude oil had a representative sphenoid reflectance-peak which appeared between 750 and 770 nm. These characteristics of oil film in terms of ice and oil type could be effectively used to distinct the oil with sea water and sea ice, meanwhile this experiment would improve and facilitate the detecting and monitoring proposal of oil which had been spilled in moving, broken pack ice and fast-ice environment in the ocean.