Effects of different interventions on insomnia in adults: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. There are many clinical-intervention methods for treating this condition, but thus far, the most effective method has not been determined. METHODS: We conducted a network meta-analysis by including random evidence of insomnia improvement in people over 18 years old, without other physical diseases. From January 1, 1990 to June 15, 2022, we searched multiple electronic databases for randomized controlled trials of different insomnia-related, clinical-intervention methods. R software was used to analyze 10 indices, in order to evaluate the effect of sleep improvement. Primary outcomes comprised Pittsburgh sleep quality-index (PSQI) scores and insomnia severity-index (ISI) scores. RESULTS: Finally, 122 randomized controlled trials were included in our study. For the PSQI scores, we found the sequence of intervention measures by effect to be as follows: electroacupuncture, acupuncture, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), essential oils, herbal medicine, traditional Western medicine, Tai Chi and Baduanjin, music, supplements, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), and exercise. The results for ISI were similar to those for PSQI, but with slight differences. CONCLUSION: Our research results indicate that various measures have a certain effect on improving sleep, among which the effect of instruments is more prominent. The curative effect of placebo groups was better than that of blank control groups. There is essentially no statistical difference in detailed classification within the same intervention category.

Relationship Between Occupational Noise and Hypertension in Modern Enterprise Workers: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: The association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension is controversial. Thus, we aimed to assess the relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension. Methods: This was a case‒control study, and 509 cases and 1,018 controls from an automobile company were included between July and October 2013. Occupational noise exposure was defined as exposure to noise level ≥80 dB(A) (Lex, 8 h) or cumulative noise exposure (CNE) ≥ 80 dB(A)-years. To assess the associations of noise level and CNE with hypertension, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The restricted cubic spline function was used to establish dose‒response curves. Results: A noise level ≥80 dB (A) (Lex, 8 h) was significantly associated with hypertension (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.89-3.24). CNE ≥80 dB (A)-years was significantly associated with hypertension (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.18-2.00). Nonlinear relationships between noise level, CNE and hypertension were found (p- nonlinear<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that occupational noise exposure is a potential risk factor for hypertension in automobile company workers.

The Impact of Occupational Noise on Hypertension Risk: A Case-Control Study in Automobile Factory Personnel.

BACKGROUND: Many epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between occupational noise and hypertension, but with conflicting findings. This study aimed to assess the relationship between occupational noise exposure and the risk of hypertension. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to explore hypertension predictors, and then sensitivity analysis was performed based on propensity score matching (PSM). Data were collected from participants' annual physical examinations and occupational noise exposure measurements. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression analysis. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) function was used to fit the dose-effect relationship. RESULTS: 500 cases and 4,356 controls were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression showed that an increase in the level of occupational noise [range 68-102 dB(A)] of 1 dB(A), corresponded to an increase in hypertension risk of 8.3% (OR: 1.083, 95% CI: 1.058-1.109). Compared to the first quartile, the risk of hypertension in the fourth quartile was 1.742 (95% CI: 1.313-2.310). After applying PSM to minimize bias, we obtained a population of 500 cases and 1,000 controls. Noise level was significantly associated with the risk of hypertension. In addition, the RCS curve showed the risk of hypertension was relatively stable until a predicted noise level of around 80 dB(A) and then started to increase rapidly afterward (P nonlinear = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Occupational noise exposure was significantly associated with hypertension risk and there was a positively correlated dose-response relationship.