Standardized ileal digestibility of proteins and amino acids in sesame expeller and soya bean meal in weaning piglets.

Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of diets containing sesame expeller (SE) and soya bean meal (SBM) was determined using 15 piglets (Genetiporc(®)), weaned at 17 ± 0.4 days with average body weight of 6.4 ± 0.7 kg (Fertilis 20 × G Performance, Genetiporc(®), PIC México, Querétaro, México). Piglets were randomly assigned to three treatments: (i) a reference diet with casein as the sole protein source; (ii) a mixed diet of casein-SE; and (iii) a mixed diet of casein-SBM. The chemical composition of SE and SBM was determined, and AID and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AAs) were determined for each protein source. SE contained greater quantities of ether extract, neutral detergent fibre, phytic acid, methionine and arginine than SBM. Lysine and proline contents and trypsin inhibitor activity were higher in SBM than in SE. The AID and SID of CP and AA (except for lysine and proline) were similar in SE and SBM. The AID of lysine and proline was higher in SBM than in SE (p < 0.05), and the SID of proline was higher in SE than in SBM (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that SE is an appropriate alternative protein source for early weaned pigs.

Ileal amino acids digestibility of sorghum in weaned piglets and growing pigs.

The objective of the study was to determine the coefficients of ileal apparent digestibility (CIAD) of sorghum protein and amino acids (AA) in weaned piglets and growing pigs. Digestibility coefficients were estimated using the regression and difference methods for the weaned piglets; and the direct and difference methods for the growing pigs. To test the hypothesis that CP and AA digestibility of sorghum is lower in weaned piglets than in growing pigs, two experiments were conducted. In experiment one, 20 weaned piglets were fitted with a 'T' cannula at 21 days of age and were fed for 2 weeks one of five dietary treatments: a reference or control diet providing 200 g of CP/kg from casein (C) as the sole protein source, and four casein-sorghum (C-S) diets kept isoproteic to C by the appropriate adjustment of C and maize starch proportions; the amount of sorghum (S) in these diets was 135, 307, 460 and 614 g/kg. In experiment 2, fifteen castrated pigs weighing 57.8 ± 2.8 kg were used and randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments: a reference casein-maize starch diet containing C as the sole protein source, a C-S diet, both diets containing 160 g of CP/kg, and a fortified S diet containing 68 g of CP/kg. In piglets the CIAD for CP and AA decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as the amount of S in the diet increased. The average ileal digestibility of AA from C was 0.858 ± 0.111, and decreased to 0.663 ± 0.191 at the higher S level. The CIAD estimated using the regression or difference methods were similar for leucine, cysteine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine and tyrosine, and different for the other AA. In growing pigs the CIAD of protein and AA (except alanine and cysteine) were similar (P > 0.05) for the C and the C-S diets, but higher (P < 0.05) than those for the S diet. The CIAD for S obtained by the difference method were higher (P < 0.05) than those obtained using the direct method, except for lysine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, threonine and cysteine. The results indicate that except for lysine and cysteine, growing pigs' ability to digest AA and protein is superior than weaned piglets.

Ventilación domiciliaria invasiva. La perspectiva de los padres / Domiciliary invasive mechanical ventilation: the parents’ perspective

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Endogenous amino nitrogen collected from pigs with end-to-end ileorectal anastomosis is affected by the method of estimation and altered by dietary fiber.

Endogenous protein loss at the end of the small intestine was determined in two experiments using 10 pigs surgically prepared with end-to-end ileo-rectal anastomosis to allow total collection of ileal digesta. In the first experiment pigs were fed graded protein levels of 0 (protein-free), 55, 110 or 165 g/kg diet. Optimal durations for the adaptation and collection periods were found to be 4 and 3 d, respectively (combination 4:3), as shown by the higher correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.95) between excreted and ingested nitrogen compared with the other combinations tested (5:2, 5:3, 9:3, 9:5). The estimated amounts of endogenous N and amino acids were less accurate and tended to be smaller (P < 0.20) when obtained by extrapolation to zero nitrogen intake than when measured in pigs fed the protein-free diet. The endogenous protein was rich in proline, glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid, serine and threonine. In comparison to other amino acid patterns, this composition suggested a low bacterial contamination of the digesta. In the second experiment three levels of dietary fiber from wheat straw, corn cobs and wood cellulose were studied in pigs fed protein-free diets. Between 17 and 34 g crude fiber/kg diet, fiber increased the endogenous losses of nitrogen and amino acids per kilogram of dry matter intake (P < 0.05), but the excretion reached a plateau at higher dietary fiber concentration (102 g/kg). In contrast, glucosamine and galactosamine excretion increased continuously and linearly (P < 0.05) with fiber intake. We conclude that endogenous amino acid loss may be considered constant at usual and high levels of the fibrous mixture under study.

[Recognition by immunoelectroblotting of antigens from Taenia solium and its larva]. / Reconocimiento por inmunoelectrotransferencia de antígenos de Taenia solium y su larva.

Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected with cysticerci of Taenia solium. Groups of three were bled and killed weekly up to 15 weeks recording the number of implanted adults in the small intestine. A longitudinal study on the antibody response against adult and larvae Ags was carried out, as well as against Ags of H. nana. By ELISA, antibodies against larvae and adult Ags of T. solium were detected since the first week, showing a peak at 3 and 5 weeks respectively. At 14 weeks antibodies levels were very low, which is the time when the parasite is eliminated. The response against Ags of H. nana was very low and disappeared at 4 weeks. By western blot we found that the infected hamsters can distinguish specific stage Ags both in the adult and larvae of T. solium. After 12 weeks only the adult was recognized, the Ags of H. nana were recognize in western blot only during the first week.