RESUMO
AIMS: To describe the experience of using high concentration nitrous oxide (N(2)O) relative analgesia administered by nursing staff in children undergoing minor procedures in the emergency department (ED) and to demonstrate its safety. METHOD: Data were collected over a 12 month period for all procedures in the ED performed under nurse administered N(2)O sedation. All children greater than 12 months of age requiring a minor procedure who had no contraindication to the use of N(2)O were considered for sedation by this method. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a major complication namely respiratory distress or hypoxia during the procedure. Secondary outcome measures were minor complications and the maximum concentration of N(2)O used. RESULTS: Data were collected for a total of 224 episodes of nurse administered N(2)O sedation over a 12 month period. In 73.2% of children no complications were recorded. One major complication was recorded (respiratory distress) and the most common minor complication was mask intolerance in 17%. The mean maximum concentration of N(2)O used was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS: N(2)O is a safe analgesic in children over the age of 1 year undergoing painful or stressful procedures in the ED. It may safely be administered in concentrations of up to 70% by nursing staff after appropriate training.
Assuntos
Analgésicos não Narcóticos/administração & dosagem , Emergências/enfermagem , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/normas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Menores/enfermagem , Óxido Nitroso/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos ProspectivosAssuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/induzido quimicamente , Hidrocarbonetos Halogenados/intoxicação , Inseticidas/intoxicação , Propano/análogos & derivados , Espermatogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Envelhecimento , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/fisiopatologia , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Propano/intoxicação , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides/ultraestruturaRESUMO
A method is described for the analysis of dieldrin in feed grade fats. Fat samples in petroleum ether are cleaned up by column chromatography on 10% deactivated aluminum oxide followed by Florisil and analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography. Fourteen laboratories tested the method for determining dieldrin in naturally contaminated feed grade fats. Recoveries averaged greater than 90% with a coefficient of variation of 13% (0.54 ppm +/- 0.07), indicating that the method is sufficiently reproducible to be used by different laboratories for detecting dieldrin in feed grade fats.
