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1.
Pathologie (Heidelb) ; 44(Suppl 3): 155-159, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37975919

RESUMO

The diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), originally based on morphological assessment alone, has to bring together more and more disciplines. Today, modern AML/MDS diagnostics rely on cytomorphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. Only the integration of all these methods allows a comprehensive and complementary characterization of each case, which is a prerequisite for optimal AML/MDS diagnosis and treatment. In the following, we present why multidisciplinary and local diagnosis is essential today and will become even more important in the future, especially in the context of precision medicine. We present our idea and strategy implemented at Augsburg University Hospital, which has realized multidisciplinary diagnostics in AML/MDS in an interdisciplinary and decentralized approach. In particular, this includes the recent technical advances that molecular genetics provides with modern methods. The enormous amount of data generated by these techniques represents a major challenge, but also a unique opportunity. We will reflect on how this increase in knowledge can be integrated into routine practice to lead the way for personalized medicine in AML/MDS to improve patient care.


Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/diagnóstico , Previsões , Medicina de Precisão , Biologia Molecular
2.
BMC Genomics ; 19(1): 854, 2018 Nov 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30497380

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Photorhabdus luminescens is an enteric bacterium, which lives in mutualistic association with soil nematodes and is highly pathogenic for a broad spectrum of insects. A complete genome sequence for the type strain P. luminescens subsp. laumondii TT01, which was originally isolated in Trinidad and Tobago, has been described earlier. Subsequently, a rifampicin resistant P. luminescens strain has been generated with superior possibilities for experimental characterization. This strain, which is widely used in research, was described as a spontaneous rifampicin resistant mutant of TT01 and is known as TT01-RifR. RESULTS: Unexpectedly, upon phenotypic comparison between the rifampicin resistant strain and its presumed parent TT01, major differences were found with respect to bioluminescence, pigmentation, biofilm formation, haemolysis as well as growth. Therefore, we renamed the strain TT01-RifR to DJC. To unravel the genomic basis of the observed differences, we generated a complete genome sequence for strain DJC using the PacBio long read technology. As strain DJC was supposed to be a spontaneous mutant, only few sequence differences were expected. In order to distinguish these from potential sequencing errors in the published TT01 genome, we re-sequenced a derivative of strain TT01 in parallel, also using the PacBio technology. The two TT01 genomes differed at only 30 positions. In contrast, the genome of strain DJC varied extensively from TT01, showing 13,000 point mutations, 330 frameshifts, and 220 strain-specific regions with a total length of more than 300 kb in each of the compared genomes. CONCLUSIONS: According to the major phenotypic and genotypic differences, the rifampicin resistant P. luminescens strain, now named strain DJC, has to be considered as an independent isolate rather than a derivative of strain TT01. Strains TT01 and DJC both belong to P. luminescens subsp. laumondii.


Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Genômica , Photorhabdus/genética , Rifampina/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Sequência de Bases , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutação/genética , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Fenótipo , Photorhabdus/efeitos dos fármacos , Photorhabdus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Photorhabdus/isolamento & purificação , Prófagos/fisiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Simbiose/efeitos dos fármacos , Simbiose/genética
3.
PLoS One ; 12(4): e0176535, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28448559

RESUMO

Phenotypic heterogeneity in microbial communities enables genetically identical organisms to behave differently even under the same environmental conditions. Photorhabdus luminescens, a bioluminescent Gram-negative bacterium, contains a complex life cycle, which involves a symbiotic interaction with nematodes as well as a pathogenic association with insect larvae. P. luminescens exists in two distinct phenotypic cell types, designated as the primary (1°) and secondary (2°) cells. The 1° cells are bioluminescent, pigmented and can support nematode growth and development. Individual 1° cells undergo phenotypic switching after prolonged cultivation and convert to 2° cells, which lack the 1° specific phenotypes. The LysR-type regulator HexA has been described as major regulator of this switching process. Here we show that HexA controls phenotypic heterogeneity in a versatile way, directly and indirectly. Expression of hexA is enhanced in 2° cells, and the corresponding regulator inhibits 1° specific traits in 2° cells. HexA does not directly affect bioluminescence, a predominant 1° specific phenotype. Since the respective luxCDABE operon is repressed at the post-transcriptional level and transcriptional levels of the RNA chaperone gene hfq are also enhanced in 2° cells, small regulatory RNAs are presumably involved that are under control of HexA. Another phenotypic trait that is specific for 1° cells is quorum sensing mediated cell clumping. The corresponding pcfABCDEF operon could be identified as the first direct target of HexA, since the regulator binds to the pcfA promoter region and thereby blocks expression of the target operon. In summary, our data show that HexA fulfills the task as repressor of 1° specific features in 2° cells in a versatile way and gives first insights into the complexity of regulating phenotypic heterogeneity in Photorhabdus bacteria.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Photorhabdus/metabolismo , Fator Proteico 1 do Hospedeiro/metabolismo , Medições Luminescentes , Photorhabdus/citologia , Photorhabdus/genética , Transcrição Gênica
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