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1.
FEMS Microbiol Rev ; 45(6)2021 11 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34037775

RESUMO

Effective aquaculture management strategies are paramount to global food security. Growing demands stimulate the intensification of production and create the need for practices that are both economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Importantly, pathogenic microbes continue to be detrimental to fish growth and survival. In terms of host health, the intestinal mucosa and its associated consortium of microbes have a critical role in modulating fitness and present an attractive opportunity to promote health at this interface. In light of this, the administration of probiotic microorganisms is being considered as a means to restore and sustain health in fish. Current evidence suggests that certain probiotic strains might be able to augment immunity, enhance growth rate and protect against infection in salmonids, the most economically important family of farmed finfish. This review affirms the relevance of host-microbe interactions in salmonids in light of emerging evidence, with an emphasis on intestinal health. In addition, the current understanding of the mode of action of probiotics in salmonid fish is discussed, along with delivery systems that can effectively carry the living microbes.


Assuntos
Aquicultura , Interações entre Hospedeiro e Microrganismos , Probióticos , Animais
2.
Cell Rep ; 31(13): 107838, 2020 06 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32610139

RESUMO

ATRX gene mutations have been identified in syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disabilities in humans. ATRX is known to maintain genomic stability in neuroprogenitor cells, but its function in differentiated neurons and memory processes remains largely unresolved. Here, we show that the deletion of neuronal Atrx in mice leads to distinct hippocampal structural defects, fewer presynaptic vesicles, and an enlarged postsynaptic area at CA1 apical dendrite-axon junctions. We identify male-specific impairments in long-term contextual memory and in synaptic gene expression, linked to altered miR-137 levels. We show that ATRX directly binds to the miR-137 locus and that the enrichment of the suppressive histone mark H3K27me3 is significantly reduced upon the loss of ATRX. We conclude that the ablation of ATRX in excitatory forebrain neurons leads to sexually dimorphic effects on miR-137 expression and on spatial memory, identifying a potential therapeutic target for neurological defects caused by ATRX dysfunction.


Assuntos
Deleção de Genes , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Transtornos da Memória/genética , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Caracteres Sexuais , Aprendizagem Espacial , Proteína Nuclear Ligada ao X/deficiência , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Região CA1 Hipocampal/patologia , Região CA1 Hipocampal/ultraestrutura , Condicionamento Operante , Dendritos/metabolismo , Dendritos/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Genótipo , Histonas/metabolismo , Lisina/metabolismo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Neurônios , Especificidade de Órgãos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Sinapses/metabolismo , Sinapses/ultraestrutura , Proteína Nuclear Ligada ao X/metabolismo
3.
FEMS Microbes ; 1(1): xtaa004, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37333955

RESUMO

The administration of antibiotics while critical for treatment, can be accompanied by potentially severe complications. These include toxicities associated with the drugs themselves, the selection of resistant organisms and depletion of endogenous host microbiota. In addition, antibiotics may be associated with less well-recognized complications arising through changes in the pathogens themselves. Growing evidence suggests that organisms exposed to antibiotics can respond by altering the expression of toxins, invasins and adhesins, as well as biofilm, resistance and persistence factors. The clinical significance of these changes continues to be explored; however, it is possible that treatment with antibiotics may inadvertently precipitate a worsening of the clinical course of disease. Efforts are needed to adjust or augment antibiotic therapy to prevent the transition of pathogens to hypervirulent states. Better understanding the role of antibiotic-microbe interactions and how these can influence disease course is critical given the implications on prescription guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship policies.

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