RESUMO
Catheter related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs) can lead to a number of serious conditions for the patient, including death. There is much recent evidence both in the UK and abroad which identifies the sources of CR-BSIs, yet they continue to occur. This article seeks to review some of the current evidence in relation to the prevention of CR-BSIs at insertion point.
Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Toxemia/etiologia , Toxemia/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Enfermagem Perioperatória/métodos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Reino UnidoRESUMO
AIMS: To identify the characteristics of optimistic parents of children with cancer. To examine the relationship between optimism, anxiety, depression, life satisfaction, coping and subjective health perception in parents of children with cancer and parents of healthy children. METHODS: One hundred parents of children with cancer were recruited during attendance at Oncology Out-patient Clinics at a UK Regional Cancer Centre. A comparison group of 117 parents of healthy children was also recruited. All parents completed a questionnaire, providing demographic and medical information relating to the child, dispositional optimism, psychological distress, life satisfaction, coping and subjective health perception. RESULTS: Parents of children with cancer had higher levels of anxiety, depression, optimism, satisfaction with life and subjective health perception than the comparison group. Optimism was significantly correlated with satisfaction with life, subjective health perception, anxiety and depression in both groups. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance of optimism in relationship to psychological distress in parents of children with cancer. Interventions targeting parents' optimism are recommended as a potential source of coping with adversity within this population.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Cultura , Depressão/psicologia , Neoplasias/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/psicologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Depressão/diagnóstico , Relações Familiares , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/psicologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/terapia , Satisfação Pessoal , Inventário de Personalidade , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/psicologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Apoio Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reino UnidoRESUMO
The third European Commission action plan to combat cancer recognized the need to develop effective continuing and in-service training programmes for doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals. A literature review and course documentary analysis commissioned by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting Education (ENB) in 1997 found that, within their initial training, nurses in England and Wales are seldom adequately prepared to work with cancer sufferers; that very few nurses undertake subsequent specialist training in cancer care; that up to half the places available on specialist training programmes remain unfilled at any one time; and that, 3 months after such training, studies showed that competence has again decreased. As post-qualifying continuing and in-service education for nurses in their specialist areas is not yet mandatory in the UK, it is unlikely that the objectives of the European Commission's third action plan or those of successive British governments, in successfully combating cancer, will be achieved.
