Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences of Parenting Women in Drug Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.

Descriptive adverse childhood experience (ACE) prevalence data on parenting women seeking treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is limited, despite this group being one of the fastest growing sub-populations of the opioid epidemic. The aim of this study was to: (1) determine prevalence of ACEs) in a population of parenting women in treatment for OUD, (2) characterize ACEs, and (3) compare study ACE data to Pennsylvania Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (PA BRFSS) to normalize study results. Between 2014 and 2018, ACEs were collected from parenting women (N = 152) enrolled in treatment for OUDs. Results showed on average women were 30.3 years of age (SD 4.6, range 22-41 years) non-Hispanic (87.0%), white (74.0%), and held a high school education or less (76.0%). The mean total ACE score was 4.3 (SD 2.3; range 0-8). Most women reported 4 ≥ ACEs (65.0%), while only 5.0% reported 0 ACEs. The current sample had higher mean ACE score (4.3 PSMDT vs. 1.4 PA BRFSS Data) than PA BRFSS Data. The burden of ACEs in parenting women in treatment for OUD is significant. Understanding the trauma parenting women in drug treatment have experienced, may support efforts to reduce stigma of this population. Public health intervention and policy work that is trauma proactive is needed to address this growing epidemic.

Achievement of second parenthood in an ART programme using frozen donor semen: cohort follow-up.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine the efficacy of a programme using frozen donor semen in a cohort of patients returning for treatment after previously conceiving through donor insemination (DI). METHODS: The cohort included 222 couples with secondary infertility (previous live birth) in one University Hospital Centre. The treatment sequence involved DI cycles until completion. Live births, drop-out for personal or medical reasons and recourse to IVF with donor semen (IVF-D) were recorded for all patients. Live births were expressed as both rate per cycle and crude cumulative rate. RESULTS: At the end of the DI cycles, 65% of couples in the cohort achieved second parenthood. Most of them (77%) succeeded after only four DI cycles. The majority of couples who stopped treatment did so for personal reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Patients involved in a second parenthood project belong to a 'selected' population. Management and counselling of such patients need to reconcile the early efficacy of DI cycles, the invasiveness of the IVF-D procedure and the availability of donor semen.

Infrainguinal arterial reconstructions with vein grafts in patients with prior aortic procedures: the influence of aneurysm and occlusive disease.

PURPOSE: This study assessed whether infrainguinal reconstructions with autogenous vein (IR) performed in patients with prior abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repairs have altered graft patency, compared with those in patients who have undergone prior aortobifemoral bypass grafting procedures (ABF) for aortoiliac occlusive disease. METHODS: From 1979 to 1998, 54 patients with prior aortic reconstructions underwent 64 autogenous single-segment saphenous IRs solely for infrainguinal occlusive disease. Included in this cohort were 30 IRs with an earlier AAA repair and 34 IRs with an earlier ABF repair. During the same period, 1274 patients underwent 1642 autogenous vein lower-extremity bypass grafting procedures (LEB). Lower-extremity native arterial (AAA, n = 6; ABF, n = 11) and vein graft diameters (AAA, n = 6; ABF, n = 6) were determined by means of angiography and duplex ultrasonography, respectively. The three reconstruction groups (AAA, ABF, LEB) were compared. RESULTS: The patients in the three groups were similar in sex, indication for operation, proximal and distal anastomotic site, and number of distal runoff vessels. The cumulative 5-year primary graft patency rate in the AAA group (92% +/- 5%) was significantly higher (P <. 001) than that in the LEB group (63% +/- 2%) and the ABF group (44% +/- 11%). Furthermore, cumulative 5-year primary patency was decreased in the ABF group compared with the LEB group (P =.05). A significant increase in both native arterial (P =.001) and vein graft diameter (P <.05) was demonstrated by using linear regression and a Student t test, respectively, in the AAA group compared with the ABF group. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that, compared with those in patients without a previous aortic procedure, IRs in patients with prior AAA repairs have significantly improved graft patency, and IRs in patients with prior ABF reconstructions for aortoiliac occlusive disease have significantly decreased graft patency. Larger arterial diameter and altered vein graft adaptation may contribute to the superior long-term outcomes of IRs in patients with prior AAA repairs.

[Female fertility prognosis and diethylstilbestrol. Personal data and review of the literature]. / Pronostic des infertilités féminines et diéthylstilbestrol. Données personnelles et revue de la littérature.

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in utero in females is a cause of clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix and of several anatomical and functional disorders of the genital tract. DES exposure must be evoked whenever counselling women for reproductive disorders. In France around 80,000 women have had in utero DES exposure. The cases of 4 young women who consulted our Reproduction Center for reproductive disorders illustrate the usual difficulties faced by these patients. In spite of their difficult past reproductive history (uterine malformations, repeated miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies) and low fertility rate, all four women conceived successfully, either after spontaneous or induced ovulation. We stress the need for adapted psychological and medical care which can lead to successful childbearing in the vast majority of these high-risk patients.

[Preimplantation assessment: experimental data on animals and humans]. / Pronostic implantatoire: données expérimentales chez l'animal et l'homme.

Assessing and/or improving the implantation prognostic remain a major goal for research studies as well as for teams doing embryo transfer in many species. Criteria for such a goal were focussed ten years ago and combined theoretically: -sensitivity for applying to one embryo; -clear cut-off for individual decision; -fastness to be suitable for embryo transfer in due time; -no toxicity or invasiveness for embryo; -finally some simple technical approach in order to be applies by a large number of teams. Moreover whatever may be qualitative or quantitative criteria, they should be relied to the final result as alive newborn. The more ancient way to appreciate embryo quality deal with the simple observation of morphological and kinetic criteria about embryo, but such non invasive approach was obviously limited, in spite of the positive influence of regular blastomers, absence of fragmentation and synchronization with time of transfer on implantation rate. The major transcriptional activity of human embryo developing between 6 and 8 cells stage, of course, were unassessed by transfer to day 2. Moreover the apparent quality of the embryo better reflected oocyte quality than embryo quality. Coculture development encompassed only partially such limitation. Using fluorescent probes, it was possible to evaluate some metabolic activity as well as membrane integrity, but such criteria revealed to be both invasive and uneasily reliable with developmental ability of the embryo. Methods dealing with glucidic, protidic or lipidic metabolisms are developed elsewhere, but revealed uneasy to apply, due both to their invasiveness or technical difficulties and their large inter-individual variability. Some hope has raised by the finding of growth factors or cytokines which are expressed by the embryo and/or embryotrophic but a lot of works remain to be down before an easy practical application.

Evidence for a juvenile hormone receptor involved in protein synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

The larval fat body of newly eclosed adults of Drosophila melanogaster was found to contain a single major binding protein specific for juvenile hormone (JH). Binding to this protein was saturable, of high affinity, and specific for JH III. The protein has a subunit molecular weight (Mr) of 85,000, as determined by photoaffinity labeling. The same or similar JH-binding protein was found in larval fat body and cuticle of third instar larvae and in male accessory glands and heads of newly eclosed adults. It was not found in several other tissues in adults. Male accessory gland cytosol from wild-type flies was found to contain a single binder with a dissociation constant (KD) of 6.7 nM for JH III; a binder in similar preparations from the methoprene-tolerant (Met) mutant had a KD value 6-fold higher. JH III stimulated protein synthesis in glands cultured in vitro, but this effect was reduced in Met flies as compared to wild-type flies, establishing a correlation between JH binding and biological activity of the hormone. In addition, glandular protein accumulation during the first 2 days of adult development was less in Met flies than in wild-type flies. These results strongly suggest that the binding protein we have identified mediates this JH effect in male accessory glands and thus is acting as a JH receptor.