Análisis de efectividad y costes sanitarios de la inmunoprofilaxis con autovacuna MV140, vacuna MV140 y tratamiento antibiótico continuado en la prevención de las infecciones urinarias recurrentes / Effectiveness and health cost analysis between immunoprophylaxis with MV140 autovaccine, MV140 vaccine and continuous treatment with antibiotics to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections

Introducción El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los resultados del tratamiento antibiótico continuado, la autovacuna MV140 y la vacuna bacteriana polivalente MV140 de cepas de colección en la prevención de ITU recurrentes no complicadas. Métodos Se analizaron prospectivamente 377 pacientes desde enero de 2017 hasta agosto de 2019 y se dividieron en 3 grupos según la profilaxis administrada. Grupo A (126): tratamiento antibiótico, Grupo B (126), autovacuna MV140; Grupo C (125), vacuna bacteriana polivalente MV140 a partir cepas seleccionadas. Las variables analizadas fueron: sexo, edad, menopausia, número de episodios de ITU al inicio y a los 3 y 6 meses de finalizar la profilaxis, costes sanitarios a lo largo del seguimiento a los 3 y 6 meses. Resultados A los 3 meses, los episodios de ITU se redujeron a 0-1 en el 65% del grupo A, en el 80,8% del grupo B y en el 81,7% del grupo C. A los 6 meses, se presentaron 0-1 episodios de ITU en el 44,4% del grupo A, en el 61,6% del grupo B y en el 74,6% del grupo C. En cuanto a los costes sanitarios a lo largo del seguimiento, a los 3 meses el grupo A registró 21.171,87 euros, el grupo B 20.763,73 euros y el grupo C 18.866,14 euros. A los 6 meses, los costes sanitarios fueron de 32.980,35 euros en el grupo A, de 28.133,42 euros en el grupo B y de 23.629,19 euros en el grupo C. Conclusiones La autovacuna MV140 y la vacuna bacteriana polivalente MV140 fueron más eficaces reduciendo el número de episodios de ITU a los 3 y 6 meses y con unos costes sanitarios menores durante el seguimiento, en comparación con la profilaxis antibiótica continuada (p < 0,05). La vacuna bacteriana polivalente MV140 de cepas seleccionadas fue más eficaz en la reducción del número de episodios de ITU con unos costes sanitarios menores que la autovacuna (AU)

Introduction The objective of this study was to compare the results on prevention of uncomplicated recurrent UTI between continuous use of antibiotics, MV140 autovaccine and MV140 polybacterial vaccine from collection strain. Methods 377 patients were prospectively analyzed from January 2017 to August 2019 and divided into 3 groups according to the prophylaxis. Group A (126): antibiotics, Group B (126): MV140 autovaccine, Group C (125): MV140 polybacterial vaccine from the collection strain. Variables analyzed were: gender, age, menopause, number of UTI at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the end of prophylaxis, health cost along follow-up at 3 and 6 months. Results At 3 months, group A had 0-1 UTI in 65%, group B had 0-1 UTI in 80.8% and group C in 81.7%. At 6 months, group A had 0-1 UTI in 44.4%, group B had 0-1 UTI in 61.6% and group C in 74.6%. Regarding health cost along follow-up, at 3 months group A had €21,171.87, group B had €20,763.73 and group C €18,866.14. At 6 months, health cost was €32,980.35 in group A, €28,133.42 in group B, and €23,629.19 in group C. Conclusions MV140 autovaccine and MV140 polybacterial vaccine were more efficient with lower number of UTI at 3 and 6 months and lower health cost along follow-up compared to continued prophylaxis with antibiotics (p < .05). Polybacterial MV140 vaccine from collection strain had higher effect to reduce the number of UTI and less health cost than autovaccine (AU)

Effectiveness and health cost analysis between immunoprophylaxis with MV140 autovaccine, MV140 vaccine and continuous treatment with antibiotics to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the results on prevention of uncomplicated recurrent UTI between continuous use of antibiotics, MV140 autovaccine and MV140 polybacterial vaccine from collection strain. METHODS: 377 patients were prospectively analyzed from January 2017 to August 2019 and divided into 3 groups according to the prophylaxis. Group A (126): antibiotics, Group B (126): MV140 autovaccine, Group C (125): MV140 polybacterial vaccine from the collection strain. Variables analyzed were: gender, age, menopause, number of UTI at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the end of prophylaxis, health cost along follow-up at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: At 3 months, group A had 0-1 UTI in 65%, group B had 0-1 UTI in 80.8% and group C in 81.7%. At 6 months, group A had 0-1 UTI in 44.4%, group B had 0-1 UTI in 61.6% and group C in 74.6%. Regarding health cost along follow-up, at 3 months group A had euro21,171.87, group B had euro20,763.73 and group C euro18,866.14. At 6 months, health cost was euro32,980.35 in group A, euro28,133.42 in group B, and euro23,629.19 in group C. CONCLUSIONS: MV140 autovaccine and MV140 polybacterial vaccine were more efficient with lower number of UTI at 3 and 6 months and lower health cost along follow-up compared to continued prophylaxis with antibiotics (p < 0.05). Polybacterial MV140 vaccine from collection strain had higher effect to reduce the number of UTI and less health cost than autovaccine.

Epidural analgesia in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy / Analgesia epidural en la prostatectomía radical laparoscópica

Introduction: Epidural analgesia is an effective technique for postoperative pain relief. Our aim in this retrospective study was to assess the postoperative pain control and complications relating to epidural technique in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 193 patients who underwent LRP, in which epidural analgesia was the postoperative pain approach, was performed. The procedure is generally performed under combined anesthesia. Data collected was postoperative pain data; appearance of neurological disorders (Bromage scale was used for motor weakness assessment); data related to the epidural technique and possible difficulties when performing it; data on epidural infusion; catheter-related complications; hospital stay, postoperative complications, and outcome. Results: Firstly, average VAS at rest was 1.2 ± 1.6; and upon movement, average VAS was 1.9 ± 1.8 during the hospital stay. Secondly, complications related to epidural technique appeared in 37 % of patients. There were 3 cases of hematic puncture; 3 accidental catheter disconnections; 1 dural puncture, and 1 subdural block. As for neurological secondary effects of local anesthetics in the epidural technique, 56 patients (30.1 %) presented with motor block of one or both lower extremities after surgery, and 5 (2.7 %) with paresthesia. Statistical analysis showed that motor weakness was not related to age, weight, type of local anesthetic used, infusion rate, level of epidural puncture nor length of catheter within the epidural space (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Postoperative epidural analgesia offers excellent analgesic quality but it can be associated with several complications secondary to the use of local anesthetics, which could disagree with the terms of Fast-track surgery. New techniques like the TAP block could offer the same analgesic quality, without the epidural's technique potential complications (AU)

Objetivos: La analgesia epidural es una técnica eficaz para el control del dolor postoperatorio. Nuestro objetivo en este estudio retrospectivo fue evaluar el control del dolor postoperatorio mediante la escala visual analógica del dolor (EVA) y las complicaciones relacionadas con la técnica epidural, en la prostatectomía radical laparoscópica (PRL). Material y métodos: Llevamos a cabo un análisis retrospectivo de 193 pacientes sometidos a PRL, en los que se realizó la técnica epidural analgésica para el control del dolor postoperatorio. El procedimiento se hizo bajo una anestesia combinada. Registramos los datos relacionados con el dolor postoperatorio; la aparición de sintomatología neurológica (la escala de Bromage se utilizó para evaluar la debilidad motora); datos relacionados con la técnica epidural y posibles dificultades al realizarla; datos sobre la infusión epidural, como tipo de anestésico local utilizado; complicaciones relacionadas con el catéter y complicaciones postoperatorias asociadas al mismo, estancia hospitalaria y resultado. Resultados: En primer lugar, durante la estancia hospitalaria de los pacientes, el EVA promedio en reposo fue 1,2 ± 1,6; y durante el movimiento, el EVA promedio fue de 1,9 ± 1,8. En segundo lugar, las complicaciones relacionadas con la técnica epidural aparecieron en el 37 % de los pacientes. Hubo 3 casos de punción hemática; 3 desconexiones accidentales del catéter, 1 punción dural y 1 bloqueo subdural. En cuanto a las complicaciones neurológicas debidas a los efectos secundarios de los anestésicos locales en la técnica epidural, 56 (30,1 %) pacientes presentaron bloqueo motor de una o ambas extremidades inferiores después de la cirugía y 5 (2,7 %) refirieron parestesias. No hubo ninguna complicación neurológica que persistiese tras el alta hospitalaria. El análisis estadístico mostró que la debilidad motora no estaba relacionada con la edad, el peso, el tipo de anestésico local utilizado, la velocidad de infusión, el nivel de punción epidural ni la longitud del catéter en el espacio epidural (p > 0,05). Conclusión: La analgesia epidural postoperatoria ofrece una excelente calidad analgésica, pero puede estar asociada a varias complicaciones secundarias al uso de anestésicos locales, lo que podría estar en contraposición con las tendencias actuales de cirugía fastrack. Las nuevas técnicas emergentes podrían ofrecer la misma calidad analgésica evitando las potenciales complicaciones de la técnica epidural (AU)

Complementary clinical effects of red complex bacteria on generalized periodontitis in a caucasian population.

OBJECTIVES: To relate five periodontopathogenic bacteria, including the red complex, to the severity, extent, and inflammation of the periodontal lesion in Caucasian patients with generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis and to explore whether tobacco use is associated with a specific bacterial profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and analytic study was conducted in patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis. Data were gathered on socio-demographic and periodontal variables, and RH-PCR was used to determine subgingival bacterial profile. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The study included 60 patients with aggressive and 123 with chronic periodontitis. Total red complex bacteria count was higher in aggressive periodontitis, mainly due to T. denticola (P = 0.015). In both periodontitis types, models showed an association between T. forsythia count and probing depth (B = 0.157, P = 0.030) and between T. denticola count and higher bleeding scores (B = 2.371, P = 0.027). Smoking did not affect the red complex bacteria count in either disease. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of red complex bacteria was similar between aggressive and chronic periodontitis, but their count was higher in the former. In both diseases, T. forsythia was associated with greater severity and T. denticola with more severe bleeding. Tobacco smoking was not associated with the presence of red complex bacteria in either disease.

Impairment of striatal mitochondrial function by acute paraquat poisoning.

Mitochondria are essential for survival. Their primary function is to support aerobic respiration and to provide energy for intracellular metabolic pathways. Paraquat is a redox cycling agent capable of generating reactive oxygen species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in cortical and striatal mitochondrial function in an experimental model of acute paraquat toxicity and to compare if the brain areas and the molecular mechanisms involved were similar to those observed after chronic exposure. Sprague-Dawley rats received paraquat (25 mg/Kg i.p.) or saline and were sacrificed after 24 h. Paraquat treatment decreased complex I and IV activity by 37 and 21 % respectively in striatal mitochondria. Paraquat inhibited striatal state 4 and state 3 KCN-sensitive respiration by 80 % and 62 % respectively, indicating a direct effect on respiratory chain. An increase of 2.2 fold in state 4 and 2.3 fold in state 3 in KCN-insensitive respiration was observed in striatal mitochondria from paraquat animals, suggesting that paraquat redox cycling also consumed oxygen. Paraquat treatment increased hydrogen peroxide production (150 %), TBARS production (42 %) and cardiolipin oxidation/depletion (12 %) in striatal mitochondria. Also, changes in mitochondrial polarization was induced after paraquat treatment. However, no changes were observed in any of these parameters in cortical mitochondria from paraquat treated-animals. These results suggest that paraquat treatment induced a clear striatal mitochondrial dysfunction due to both paraquat redox cycling reactions and impairment of the mitochondrial electron transport, causing oxidative damage. As a consequence, mitochondrial dysfunction could probably lead to alterations in cellular bioenergetics.

Isospin character of low-lying pygmy dipole states in 208Pb via inelastic scattering of 17O ions.

The properties of pygmy dipole states in 208Pb were investigated using the 208Pb(17O, 17O'γ) reaction at 340 MeV and measuring the γ decay with high resolution with the AGATA demonstrator array. Cross sections and angular distributions of the emitted γ rays and of the scattered particles were measured. The results are compared with (γ, γ') and (p, p') data. The data analysis with the distorted wave Born approximation approach gives a good description of the elastic scattering and of the inelastic excitation of the 2+ and 3- states. For the dipole transitions a form factor obtained by folding a microscopically calculated transition density was used for the first time. This has allowed us to extract the isoscalar component of the 1- excited states from 4 to 8 MeV.

Obesity, weight change, and risk of adenoma recurrence: a prospective trial.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia. Lifestyle modifications, including weight loss, have been advocated to reduce the risk. However, no prospective study has evaluated whether weight loss actually affects adenoma recurrence. The aim of this study was to examine whether weight change (loss or gain) over 4 years is associated with adenoma recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1826 patients with colorectal adenoma in the Polyp Prevention Trial had their height and weight measured at baseline. Adenoma recurrence was determined by end of trial colonoscopy 4 years after study entry when patients' weights were re-measured. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate body mass index (BMI), weight change over 4 years, and the risk of any adenoma and advanced adenoma recurrence. RESULTS: Adenoma recurrence was observed in 723 patients (39.6%), 118 (6.5%) of whom had advanced adenoma recurrence. Among those with baseline BMI < 25 kg/m² (n = 466), BMI 25-29 kg/m² (n = 868), and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² (n = 492), the recurrence rate was 34.5%, 41.0%, and 41.9%, respectively. Obesity was associated with an increased risk of adenoma recurrence (RR = 1.19; 95%CI 1.01-1.39) and advanced adenoma recurrence (RR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.01-2.57). However, when compared with those with relatively stable weight (weight change < 5 lb) over the 4-year trial, weight gain or loss was not associated with adenoma recurrence. This was consistent, regardless of the baseline BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss or gain over 4 years does not affect adenoma recurrence. This study does not support weight loss alone as an effective intervention for reducing adenoma recurrence.

Epidemiología de la historia de alergia a proteínas de la leche de vaca en niños mayores de un año de edad y su tolerancia / Epidemiology of cow's milk allergy and its tolerance in children more than one year old

Introducción: la alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca (PLV) es una afección frecuente en el primer año de vida, cuya incidencia parece estar aumentando en los países desarrollados. Objetivos: estudiar, en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria, la prevalencia acumulada de alergia IgE-mediada a las PLV en niños mayores de un año de edad y la adquisición de tolerancia, y factores que pueden estar asociados a ella. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de los pacientes menores de 14 años de un centro de salud en Palencia (2805 niños). Resultados: el 2,35% (66) presentó alergia a las PLV. El 57,6% consiguió tolerar las PLV, la edad media a la que se logró fue de 34,6 meses. No se encontró ningún factor asociado al hecho de alcanzar la tolerancia. Los niños que no presentaban manifestaciones respiratorias de atopia tendían a tolerar antes, pero no de forma estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: se encontró en el ámbito sanitario de la Atención Primaria, una prevalencia elevada de alergia a las PLV IgE-mediada. La probabilidad de alcanzar la tolerancia a las PLV disminuye con la edad y es máxima entre los dos y los tres años. Se necesita realizar un diagnóstico preciso, tanto para el bienestar de los pacientes y sus familias como para evitar gastos sanitarios innecesarios(AU)

Introduction: allergy to cow's milk (CM) proteins is a frequent condition in the first year of life and its incidence seems to be increasing in the developed countries. Objectives: to study the accumulated prevalence of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) in children more than one year old at primary care, and tolerance development and factors that can be associated to it. Material and methods: retrospective study of (2,805) clinical histories of patients under 14 years in a primary health centre. Results: we found cow's milk allergy in 2.35% (66); 57.6% were able to tolerate CM at an average age of 34.6 months. We did not find any factors associated to the development of tolerance. Children who did not suffer respiratory symptoms tended to reach tolerance earlier but there was not statistical significance. Conclusions: we found a high prevalence of IgE-mediated CMA in primary care. The probability to develop tolerance to CM falls with age being the maximum in the second and third years of life. Carrying out an appropriated diagnosis is needed for patient and family comfort and for avoiding unnecessary health care expenditure(AU)

A high-legume low-glycemic index diet reduces fasting plasma leptin in middle-aged insulin-resistant and -sensitive men.

Fasting leptin and ghrelin levels were measured in 36 insulin-sensitive (IS) and 28 insulin-resistant (IR) men who consumed a legume-enriched low-glycemic index (LG) diet or healthy American (HA) diet in a randomly ordered cross-over feeding study consisting of two 4-week periods. Weight remained stable over the entire study. Fasting plasma leptin was significantly reduced from pre-study levels by both the LG (18.8%, P < 0.001) and HA (16.1%, P < 0.001) diets, whereas fasting ghrelin did not change. By subgroup analysis according to prestudy insulin status, leptin was reduced in IR subjects after both the LG (17.1%, P < 0.01) and the HA (33.3%, P < 0.001) diets, whereas IS subjects responded only after the LG diet (23.1%, P < 0.01). Thus, a legume-rich LG index diet may be a beneficial strategy for reducing circulating leptin concentrations, even under conditions of weight maintenance.

Serum cytokine concentrations, flavonol intake and colorectal adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial.

BACKGROUND: Serum cytokine concentrations may reflect inflammatory processes occurring during the development of colorectal neoplasms. Flavonols, bioactive compounds found in plant-based foods and beverages, may inhibit colorectal neoplasms partly by attenuating inflammation. METHODS: Using logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to investigate the association between serum concentrations of interleukin (IL) ß, 2, 8, 10, 12p70, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, interferon-γ, and tumour necrosis factor-α, measured over time, flavonol intake, estimated from a flavonol database used in conjunction with a food frequency questionnaire, and adenoma recurrence in 872 participants from the intervention arm of the Polyp Prevention Trial. RESULTS: Decreased IL-2 concentration during the trial increased the risk of any adenoma recurrence (4th vs 1st quartile, OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.13-2.49), whereas decreased IL-1ß or IL-10 reduced the risk of advanced adenoma recurrence (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.15-0.94; OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.15-0.98, respectively). Individuals with flavonol intake above the median (29.7 mg per day) and decreased cytokine concentrations had the lowest risk of advanced adenoma recurrence. CONCLUSION: Overall, no consistent associations were observed between serum cytokine profile and colorectal adenoma recurrence; however, decreased cytokine concentrations during high flavonol consumption may indicate prevention of colorectal neoplasms.

Distribuição espacial da placa vlnerável na árvore coronária: avaliação angiográfica de uma coorte consecutiva e não-selecionada de pacientes submetidos a angioplastia primária / Spatial distribution of vulnerable plaques in the coronary tree: an angiographic evaluation of a consecutive, non-selected cohort treated with primary angioplasty

Fundamentos: A gênese do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) está intimamente relacionada à ruptura de "placas vulneráveis". Estudos anatomopatológicos sugerem uma distribuição não-homogênea dessas placas ao longo da árvore coronária. Neste estudo, visamos a estabelecer as "zonas vulneráveis", no sentido de obter um mapa do risco de maior probabilidade de ocorrência de IAM. Método: Neste estudo, foram analisados 82 pacientes consecutivos tratados com angioplastia primária em um centro terciário de referência, no período de janeiro a setembro de 2007. Somente foram incluídos pacientes com IAM com elevação do segmento ST, com fluxo coronário TIMI 0/1. Após definir o segmento de oclusão, utilizando a segmentação coronária do Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS), mensuramos a distância do ponto de oclusão do vaso culpado até seu óstio, com software dedicado (CMS-Medis). O modelo de regressão de Poisson foi utilizado para determinar o risco de IAM, baseado na distância da oclusão a partir do óstio coronário...

Background: The genesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) seems to be closely correlated with the rupture of vulnerable plaques. Anatomical-pathological evaluations have suggested that there is a non-homogeneous distribution of these unstable plaques along the coronary arteries. We sought to establish the "vulnerable zones" in order to obtain a risk map for AMI. Methods: Eighty-two consecutive patients treated with primary angioplasty in a reference tertiary center, from January to September 2007, were enrolled in this analysis. Only ST elevation AMI patients with documented TIMI flow 0/1 were included. After defining the occluded segment using the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) classification, we measured the distance from the occlusion point in the culprit vessel to ostium using dedicated software (CMS-Medis). Poisson's regression model was used to determine the risk of AMI based on the distance between the occlusion and the coronary ostium...

Components of variation in serum carotenoid concentrations: the Polyp Prevention Trial.

OBJECTIVES: The intra- and interindividual variations and season and center effects were estimated from a series of serum carotenoid concentrations in the Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT) participants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fasting blood was collected annually for 4 years in all 1905 participants, and a subcohort of 901 participants were selected within each (of eight) center(s), by gender and dietary arm of the study, for measurement of five major carotenoid peaks. Using variance of component methods, the variation in serum carotenoid concentrations about the underlying mean was partitioned into explanatory components attributed to various sources. RESULTS: The contributions of the inter- and intraindividual variances to the overall variation in carotenoid concentrations were in the range of 61-70 and 20-35%, respectively, whereas center and center-by-season effects provided 2.6-9.5 and 0.2-1.4%, respectively. The highest percent (35%) of intraindividual variation was exhibited by lycopene, and the highest percent (70% apiece) of interindividual variation was exhibited by lutein/zeaxanthin and beta-carotene. Serum lycopene had the highest ratio of intra- to interindividual variation of 0.57, whereas lutein had the lowest ratio of 0.29. We estimate that the ratio of intra- to interindividual variance around the mean carotenoid concentration can be reduced greatly by collecting 3-4 compared to 1 blood measurement in large-scale trials like the PPT. CONCLUSION: In the largest study of components of variation in individuals at high risk for colorectal cancer, the largest contributors to variation in serum carotenoid concentrations were intra- and interindividual effects followed by center and center-by-season effects.

Insuficiência renal aguda após intervenção coronária percutânea primária no infarto agudo do miocárdio: preditores e evolução clínica a longo prazo / Acute Renal Failure after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Predictors and Long-Term Clinical Evolution

Fundamentos: A ocorrência de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) está associada a pior evolução clínica após infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), sendo sua ocorrência de natureza multifatorial. Os preditores e o prognóstico da IRA após intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária ainda não estão bem estabelecidos. Objetivo: Identificar os preditores de IRA em pacientes submetidos a ICP primária e determinar a evolução clínica a longo prazo. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, no qual foram incluídos pacientes com quadro de IAM com supra-ST submetidos a ICP primária, no período de janeiro de 2002 a janeiro de 2007. Os pacientes foram classificados quanto à presença de IRA (aumento da creatinina ≥ 0,5 mg/dl ou > 25% em relação aos valores basais) durante evolução intra-hospitalar. Os pacientes foram acompanhados clinicamente por meio de revisão de prontuário e contato telefônico para avaliação de eventos maiores. Resultados: Foram incluídos 150 pacientes com média de idade de 60 anos, sendo 73% do sexo masculino. Fatores considerados indicadores de risco de IRA, como diabetes melito (34%), Killip > 1 (27%),volume de contraste e fármacos, também foram avaliados. IRA ocorreu em 15,3% dos pacientes. Após análises univariada e multivariada: creatinina ≥ 1,5 mg/dl (odds ratio [OR]: 3,633; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%]: 1,047-12,613; p = 0,042), aumento da idade (OR: 1,066; IC 95%: 1,002-1,090; p = 0,044), apresentação ou ocorrência de Killip > 1 (OR: 3,190; IC 95%: 1,025-9,933; p = 0,045) e necessidade de ventilação mecânica (OR: 6,364; IC 95%: 2,142-18,910; p = 0,001) foram considerados preditores independentes de IRA. Após um ano de evolução, os eventos óbito (p = 0,001) e reinfarto (p = 0,048) apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos com e sem IRA; tal diferença não ocorreu para revascularização (p = 0,305), diálise (p = 0,281) e eventos combinados (p = 0,060). Essas diferenças permaneceram na evolução de seis anos...

Background: The occurrence of acute renal failure (ARF) is associated with worse clinical outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and its nature is multifactorial. The predictors and prognosis for ARF after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are still not well established. Objective: To identify the predictors of ARF in patients submitted to primary PCI and to determine long term clinical evolution. Methods: This is a retrospective study which includes patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) submitted to primary PCI from January, 2002 to January, 2007. Patients were classified with respect to ARF ­ an increase in creatinine ≥ 0.5 mg/dl or > 25% from baseline - during hospital stay. Follow-up data were obtained through medical records or by telephone contact to assess major events. Results: A total of 150 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 60 years old and 73% were men. Factors considered risk indicators for ARF such as diabetes mellitus (34%), Killip > 1 (27%), contrast volume and use of potential nephrotoxic drugs were also evaluated. ARF occurred in 15.3% of patients. After multivariate analyses: creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl (OR 3.633 95% CI 1.047-12.613 p = 0.042), older age (OR 1.066 95% Cl 1.002-1.090, p = 0.044), Killip > 1 (OR 3.190 95% Cl 1.025-9.933, p = 0.045) and the need for mechanical ventilation (OR 6.364 95% Cl 2.142-18.910, p = 0.001) were considered independent predictors for ARF. After a year of evolution, death (p = 0.001) and reinfarction (p = 0.048) had shown a significant difference between patients with and without ARF; differences were not found for revascularization (p = 0.305), dialysis (p = 0.281) or combined events (p = 0.060). The differences found for death and reinfarction remained significant after six years of evolution...

The effects of a high-fruit and -vegetable, high-fiber, low-fat dietary intervention on serum concentrations of insulin, glucose, IGF-I and IGFBP-3.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of dietary change on serum concentrations of insulin, glucose, IGF-I and IGFBP-3. SUBJECTS: From among participants in a randomized clinical trial of men and women without a history of diabetes who were 35 years old or older and who had at least one histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma removed during a qualifying colonoscopy within the 6 months before randomization, 750 subjects were selected for this analysis. METHODS: The authors analyzed fasting serum from 375 subjects with and 375 subjects without a recurrent polyp among participants in a randomized trial of a low-fat (20% of energy), high-fiber (18 g per 1000 kcals of energy intake) and high-fruit and -vegetable (5-8 servings per day) dietary intervention. RESULTS: After 4 years of follow-up, IGF-I concentration in the intervention group (N=248) declined by 8.86 ng/ml (initial mean of 133 ng/ml) and 7.74 ng/ml (initial mean value of 139 ng/ml) in the non-intervention group (N=502). Based on an unpaired t-test, these declines were both statistically significant, but the difference between groups for the decline in IGF-I (1.12 ng/ml ((95% confidence interval, -3.24 to 5.48)) was not. After 4 years, concentrations of IGFBP-3, insulin and glucose were not statistically different from values at baseline, and there were no differences in these serum measures between the intervention and control groups. In analysis restricted to lean (body mass index <25 kg/m(2)) subjects only, however, glucose concentrations in the intervention group decreased by 0.28 mmol/l, while they increased in the control group by 0.01 mmol/l (t-test for mean differences P=0.0003) over 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: A low-fat, high-fiber, high-fruit and -vegetable dietary intervention had minimal impact on serum concentrations of insulin, glucose, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 overall, but in lean subjects the intervention resulted in a significant reduction in serum glucose concentration.

[Comparison between open and laparoscopic approach in radical prostatectomy]. / Prostatectomia radical laparoscópica versus abierta.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the differences between laparoscopic (LRP) and open radical prostatectomy (ORP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2004 to 2005 180 Radical prostatectomies (RP) were performed, 105 laparoscopical and 75 by an open approach. Different urologists have acted as first surgeon; 51% of them, fully experienced ones in OPR, and 56% in LRP. Differences in operative time, estimated blood loss (difference of pre and post operative hematocrite), and duration of hospitalization were compared. Additionally, we have also analysed surgical and oncologic control of the specimen defined by the following variables: Malignant margins (MM) (positive margin in a pT3 specimen), and benign/malign surgical incision (BSI/MSI). RESULTS: Groups were similar concerning age, clinical stage and Gleason score, and there are only differences in PSA. Mean operative time was significantly higher in LRP (172 minutes) versus ORP (145 minutes) (p < 0.001). Difference of pre and post operative hematocrite was also higher in the open group (10.7 vs 9.2) (p = 0.03), together with hospital stay, which was one day longer in the ORP group (p = 0.001). ORP group had a higher rate of benign surgical incisions (48.7% vs 26.7%) (p = 0.001). Regarding oncologic results, LRP presented a 5.4% of positive margins, which compared significantly with a 16.9% rate in the open group (p = 0.023). However, no differences concerning malignant surgical incisions were observed. CONCLUSION: With no differences in clinical and pathological stage, LRP offers a significant reduction of surgical aggressiveness on the specimen, together with a better MM control. We also observe a clear decrease in blood loss and hospital stay. Therefore, we conclude that LRP in our environment is a valid approach of surgical prostate cancer treatment in spite of a longer operative time (27 minutes) and a steep learning curve.

Avaliação do risco coronário: importância das apolipoproteínas / Coronary risk evaluation: importance of apolipoproteins

Embora muitos avanços tenham sido obtidos na prevenção da aterosclerose, esta doença, com suas variadas manifestações, permanece como a maior causa de morte nos países ocidentais. A principal forma de lutar contra a aterosclerose envolve o combate aos seus fatores de risco de há muito conhecidos. Entretanto, novos conceitos têm surgido e entre estes se destaca o papel das apolipoproteínas como marcadores do risco coronário. Entre suas variadas funções, as proteínas que fazem parte das lipoproteínas mostraram que a determinação de seus níveis sangüíneos pode acrescentar informações sobre a situação individual de risco, particularmente com as dosagens das apos B e A-1 e da relação entre elas. Este artigo revisa os dados disponíveis sobre o papel fisiológico e de indicador de risco dessas apolipoproteínas, sugerindo o que já fazem alguns autores que defendem a idéia da incorporação da determinação rotineira dessas proteínas ao perfil lipídico para avaliação do risco cardiovascular.

Prostatectomía radical laparoscópica versus abierta / Comparison between open and laparoscopic approach in radical prostatectomy

Objetivos. Analizar las diferencias entre la prostatectomía radical abierta (PRA) y la prostatectomía radical laparoscópica (PRL). Material y métodos. Se evalúan 180 cirugías prostáticas radicales realizadas en el 2004 y 2005, de las cuales 105 (58%) fueron laparoscópicas (PRL) y 75 (42%) por vía abierta. Más de la mitad de las intervenciones se realizaron por cirujanos expertos: 51% en las PRL y 56% en las PRA. Se compararon las variables: tiempo quirúrgico, sangrado intraoperatorio (diferencia entre hematocrito prequirúrgico y postquirúrgico) y los días de ingreso. El control oncológico y quirúrgico se evaluaron mediante los parámetros: margen maligno (MM) (margen positivo en un pT3) e incisión quirúrgica benigna (IQB) y maligna (IQM). Resultados. Los dos grupos son comparables respecto a la edad, estadio clínico, Gleason de la biopsia y volumen, sólo difiriendo en el valor de PSA. La media del tiempo quirúrgico fue significativamente mayor en la PRL (172 minutos) versus la PRA (145 minutos). La diferencia del hematocrito fue mayor en la PRA (10,7 puntos) respecto a la PRL (9,2 puntos) (p=0,03), así como los días de ingreso, representando un día más en la PRA (p=0,001). Un 26,7% de las PRL han presentado IQB, frente a un 48,7 % en las PRA (p=0,001). Desde el punto de vista oncológico se han observado un 5,4% de MM en las PRL versus un 16,9% en las PRA. (p=0,023). No obstante, no se han observado diferencias respecto a las IQM. Conclusión. En la PRL, a igualdad de estadio clínico y patológico, se observa un mejor control de los márgenes junto con una menor afectación quirúrgica de la pieza. También existe una menor pérdida sanguínea así como una reducción de los días de ingreso. Por tanto, se puede concluir que la PRL es, en nuestro entorno, una técnica válida para el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata organoconfinado, a pesar de un mayor tiempo quirúrgico (27 minutos) y de la dificultad de su aprendizaje

Introduction. To evaluate the differences between laparoscopic (LRP) and open radical prostatectomy (ORP). Material and Methods. From 2004 to 2005 180 Radical prostatectomies (RP) were performed, 105 laparoscopical and 75 by an open approach. Different urologists have acted as first surgeon; 51% of them, fully experienced ones in OPR, and 56% in LRP. Differences in operative time, estimated blood loss (difference of pre and post operative hematocrite), and duration of hospitalization were compared. Additionally, we have also analysed surgical and oncologic control of the specimen defined by the following variables: Malignant margins (MM) (positive margin in a pT3 specimen), and benign/malign surgical incision (BSI/MSI). Results. Groups were similar concerning age, clinical stage and Gleason score, and there are only differences in PSA. Mean operative time was significantly higher in LRP (172 minutes) versus ORP (145 minutes) (p<0.001). Difference of pre and post operative hematocrite was also higher in the open group (10.7 vs 9,2) (p=0.03), together with hospital stay, which was one day longer in the ORP group (p=0.001). ORP group had a higher rate of benign surgical incisions (48.7% vs 26.7%) (p=0.001). Regarding oncologic results, LRP presented a 5.4 % of positive margins, which compared significantly with a 16.9% rate in the open group (p=0.023). However, no differences concerning malignant surgical incisions were observed. Conclusion. With no differences in clinical and pathological stage, LRP offers a significant reduction of surgical aggressiveness on the specimen, together with a better MM control. We also observe a clear decrease in blood loss and hospital stay. Therefore, we conclude that LRP in our environment is a valid approach of surgical prostate cancer treatment in spite of a longer operative time (27 minutes) and a steep learning curve

Redefinición de los procesos de lavado. Nuevas consideraciones tras la publicación de la norma EN 15883 / Redefinition of cleaning proceses: new considerations following the publication of Standard EN 15883

No disponible

No disponible