[Prospects for the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in otorhinolaryngology]. / Perspektivy primeneniia antimikrobnoi fotodinamicheskoi terapii v otorinolaringologii.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the literature on the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in otorhinolaryngology. The relevance is due to the high interest of doctors, medicine and science in the use of the method in the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases and their purulent complications in ENT practice. The work critically assesses the experience of using known methods of aPDT in the treatment of various inflammatory ENT pathologies. Special attention is given to to the treatment of acute inflammation in the larynx and is indicated on the existing problems of modern aPDT.

[The history of organization of the research laboratories based at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Faculty of General Medicine]. / Istoriia sozdaniia nauchnykh laboratorii na kafedre otorinolaringologii lechebnogo fakul'teta Rossiiskogo natsional'nogo meditsinskogo universiteta im. N.I. Pirogova.

This article was designed to describe the history of the establishment and development of the research divisions based at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Faculty of General Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, including laser, vestibulogical, and audiological laboratories. The authors present an overview of the main research activities and achievements of the Department with special reference to the management of Meniere's disease, cochlear-vestibular disorders associated with sensorineural hearing loss, injuries to the organs of hearing, and diseases of the central nervous system. Also discussed are the peculiarities of the laser-assisted medical care and the possibilities for the application of therapeutic and surgical lasers for the purposes of the practical otorhinolaryngological work.

[Antimicrobial anti-inflammatory photodynamic and light-emitting-diode phototherapy of the consequences of the gunshot and mine-blast injury to the face, head, and neck including damage to the ENT organs]. / Antimikrobnaia protivovospalitel'naia fotodinamicheskaia i svetodiodnaia fototerapiia posledstvii ognestrel'noi i minno-vzryvnoi travmy golovy i shei.

The objective of the present study was the enhancement of the effectiveness of the treatment of the consequences of the gunshot wounds and mine-blast injuries inflicted to the face, head, and neck encountered in the otolaryngological practice as well as the prevention of the formation of the large demarcation areas in the injured tissues and the preparation of these tissues for the further restorative treatment. Anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory photodynamic therapy (PDT) as well as light-emitting-diode (LED) phototherapy were carried out in 20 patients who suffered gunshot wounds and mine-blast injuries to the face, head, and neck. The photodynamic therapy was performed with the use of an aqueous solution of methylene blue at a concentration of 0.1%, the 'Alod-1' infrared laser ('Granat' modification, Russia), and the 'AFS-Solaris' light-emitting diode-based phototherapeutic apparatus (Russia). The analysis of the results of the study has demonstrated the high efficiency of the proposed approach that made it possible to prevent the development of severe septic complications, reduce the amount of drug therapy, significantly shorten duration of the treatment, and create the conditions for the earlier rehabilitation and further plastic and cosmetic restoration of the tissue structures.

[Photodynamic therapy. The fields of applications and prospects for the further development in otorhinolaryngology].

This article presents a review of the modern specialized medical literature concerned with the applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in otorhinolaryngology and medicine at large. The necessity of such a review of the available possibilities provided by PDT is dictated by the ever increasing interest of otorhinolaryngologists and specialists of other medical disciplines in the use of this method for the treatment of tumours and inflammatory diseases as well as their pyogenic complications. The author offers the critical assessment of the experience gained with the application of the known PDT technologies for the management of various pathological conditions. Especially much attention is given to the treatment of acute and chronic inflammation in the otorhinolaryngological practice with special reference to the yet unresolved problems.

[Modern approaches to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory photodynamic therapy in otorhinolaryngology].

The objective of the present study was to analyse the currently available methods and possibilities for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) in medicine with special reference to otorhinolaryngology. The results of the treatment of 300 patients with various suppurative ENT pathologies using antimicrobial PDT were subjected to the analysis. It made it possible to elucidate the mechanisms and parameters of photodynamic treatment and to reveal disadvantages of the modern methods of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Special attention is given to the management of acute inflammation in the laryngopharynx and to the topical problems of up-to-date antimicrobial PDT.

[The application of supravascular laser irradiation of blood for the treatment of cochleovestibular disorders].

A total of 165 patients presenting with neurosensory impairement of hearing and Meniere's disease were treated by supravascular (extracorporeal) laser irradiation of blood. The study undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment confirmed its beneficial effect in patients with acute hearing disorders. It was equally effective as regards elimination of labyrinthine hydropsis in patients presenting with Meniere's disease. The method proved less efficacious for the management of long-standing hearing impairement and chronic loss of hearing, but it can be used to prevent the development of these conditions.

[Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: current view].

Growing resistance of bacteria to wide-spectrum antibiotics gave rise to a search for new approaches to antimicrobial therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PT) was proposed for fighting against infections. It combines effects of a photosensitiser and visible light. PT produces reactive oxygen species able to kill cells. High response to PT was achieved in the treatment of local infections, in particular, in the treatment of pyoinflammatory ENT diseases caused both by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, especially diseases caused by bacteria with antibiotic polyresistance.

[Chronic hyperplastic laryngitis: problems of diagnosis].

Current methods of diagnosis of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis (CHL) are analysed. Etiology, clinical picture, classification of CHL, laryngeal cancer morbidity in Russia, malignant transformation of CHL, methods of additional device and laboratory examination are reviewed. Morphospectrophotometry is proposed for differential diagnosis between CHL and laryngeal cancer.

[Pilot experience with radio-knife "Surgitron"]. / Pervyi opyt ispol'zovaniia radionozha "Surgitron".

A new radiosurgical knife Surgitron is described in terms of its application in ENT operations. Surgical procedures, indications, operative regimes are detailed. Advantages and disadvantages of the device design are outlined. The device is functionally and cosmetically effective. Thus, it holds promise in surgery.

[On aspects of surgical treatment of pathological snoring]. / Nekotorye aspekty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia ronkhopatii.

The paper concerns surgical treatment of rhonchus. 41 patients with rhonchus and sleep apnea were examined and treated. The patients were characterized by obesity, short fat neck, diseases of the upper respiratory tracts (chronic tonsillitis, adenoids, distortion of the nasal septum, deformity of the external nose, weakness of the palatine curtain). After cleansing of the upper respiratory tracts and recovery of nasal breathing all the patients underwent CO2 laser surgery on the soft palate with good effect.

[The use of a polyphosphazene prosthesis for the frontonasal anastomosis in the surgical treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the frontal sinus (a preliminary report)]. / Ispol'zovanie polifosfazenovogo proteza lobno-nosovogo soust'ia pri khirurgicheskom lechenii ostrykh i khronicheskikh vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii lobnykh pazukh (predvaritel'noe soobshchenie).

The paper describes a prosthetic technique for frontonasal bypass. The synthetic polymer polyphosphazene used in this repair promises long-time wear of the prosthesis.

[Low-energy laser radiation in the combined treatment of sensorineural hearing loss and Menière's disease]. / Nizkoénergeticheskoe lazernoe izluchenie v kompleksnom lechenii neirosensornoi tugoukhosti i bolezni Men'era.

59 patients with neurosensory hypoacusis and 45 with Meniere's disease underwent helium-neon laser intra- or supravascular radiation of blood. The treatment proved effective in acute neurosensory hypoacusis and Meniere's disease. In chronic neurosensory hypoacusis the effect was insignificant.

[Plastic surgery of the frontonasal anastomosis using a hydroxyapatite prosthesis]. / Protezirovanie lobno-nosovogo soust'ia protezom gidroksiappatita.

The authors offer a method of plastic reconstruction of the frontonasal anastomosis after radical surgery on the frontal sinus. The prosthesis made of hydrooxyappatite ceramics is established in the anastomosis created during radical surgery without additional fixation. Due to special biological properties of the material, the prosthesis firmly consolidates with bone walls of the anastomosis warranting reliable drainage and aeration of the frontal sinus.