[Accumulation of sodium and potassium ions in oocytes of the river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis during prespawning period].

Accumulation of Na+ and K+ ions in oocytes of the river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and their transport across the plasma membrane is realized by two main mechanisms--Na,K-pump and Na,K,Cl-cotransport. At the prespawning period from December to May the intracellular Na+ concentration was observed to increase from 10 to 25 mM and the K+ concentration--from 28 to 45 mM. Results obtained on isolated oocytes with aid of 204Tl radioactive label have shown that contributions of the Na,K-pump and Na,K,Cl-cotransport to potassium accumulations were close until March. In spring, the total K+ inflow almost doubled owing to activation of the Na,K-pump, whereas contribution of Na,K,Cl-cotransport did not change. It seems that an increase of the intracellular content of the main inorganic cations in oocytes resulted in parallel activation of the Na,K-pump and probably of Na/H-exchange. The biological significance of activation of these mechanisms of ion transport at the prespawning period might be due to a necessity of accumulation of Na+ and K+ ions in concentrations optimal for subsequent embryonic development.

[Transport of monovalent thallium across the membrane of oocyte of the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis].

Mechanisms of transport of monovalent thallium across the membrane of oocyte of the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis were studied by using 204Tl. Transport of Tl+ in lamprey oocytes has been shown to be realized by at least two pathways: through Na/K-pump and by the mechanism of Na,K,Cl-cotransport. In the standard Ringer solution (mM): 4 KCl, 140 NaCl, 0.5 CaCl2, 5 glucose, 10 Tris-HCl--in the presence of oubain, the coefficient of the 204Tl stationary distribution (cell/medium) was within the range of 2.3-2.5, while the time necessary to reach its 50 % value amounted to 40-5 min at 20 degrees C. In potassium-free media, transport of 204Tl via Na/K-pump was described by simple kinetis with saturation and was characterized by the value V(max) = 520 pmol/(cell x h) and K(M) = 0.3 mM. In the presence of 4 mM K+ and 0.1 mM/l Tl+, the oubain-sensitive Tl+ flow decreased to 75 pmol/(cell x h). At activation of the mechanism of Na,K,Cl-cotransport by the outer Na+ (in Na-NMDG media of different composition) the total inflow of Tl+ reached 193 +/- 20 pmol/(cell x h), while the butamenide-sensitive component--119 +/- 12 pmol/(cell x h) with K(M) for Na+ about 20 mM. In the incubation media with variable concentration of chloride ions (replacement of Cl- by NO3(-)) the total Tl+ flow reached 220 +/- 21, while via the mechanisms of Na,K,Cl-cotransport--87 +/- 8 pmol/(cell x h). Under our experimental conditions, mechanisms of active transport and Na,K,Cl-cotransport accounted for 94% of the Tl+ inflow. The potassium channels that usually are also permeable to monovalent thallium ions were not revealed.

[The 75th anniversary of the military hospital in Komsomolsk-on-Amur].

The article is devoted to the 75th anniversary of post hospital in Komsomolsk-on-Amur--chief treatment-prophylaxis institute of Far Eastern Region. Zone of it's responsibility covers 600 km with numerous taiga cities and posts. Hospital is a methodic center, where physicians, pharmaceutists and medical staff of military units improve their qualification. Now-days hospital has three multistage bulks, a separated brick building of hospital cuisine and etc. Hospital has achieved governmental license for 105 types of medical activity up to 2012.

Investigations of a new field in gas chromatography: capillary columns with a super-thick layer of stationary liquid phase.

Basic characteristics (efficiency, selectivity, non-equilibrium) of capillary columns with a super-thick layer of stationary liquid phase are investigated. In contrast to traditionally used capillary columns with standard stationary phase thickness of 0.1-0.5 um, some new variables are now established. Firstly, the values of relative retention depend on carrier gas linear velocity. Secondly, the asymmetry of chromatographic peaks increased in accordance with the increase in carrier gas velocity. Thirdly, it was theoretically and experimentally shown that dependence of the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) on carrier gas velocity is linear. The above noted variables are evidences that the new type of GC is realized under these conditions. The use of capillary columns with super-thick layer of stationary liquid phase is practical when the following problems have to be solved: (1) Separation of highly volatile substances; (2) Preliminary concentration of trace compounds from strong diluted samples; (3) Improvements in measurement and accuracy due to the advantages of splitless injection into wide bore columns with super-thick films. Solutions to some analytical tasks while using super-thick stationary liquid phase are shown: (1) Large volume injection into capillary column with sample transfer speed up to 100 microL min(-1); (2) Isothermal splitless injection; (3) Separation of low boiling compounds; (4) Separation of polar substances (alcohols).

[Assessment of workplace pollution with furadan during centalized treatment of sugar-beet seeds and recommended protective means]. / Otsenka zagriazneniia rabochikh mest furadanom pri tsentralizovannom protravlivanii semian sakharnoi svekly i rekomenduemye sredstva zashchity.

Having evaluated work conditions in sugar-beet seeds treatment with furadan, the authors justified use of an individual protective means for the workers. The recommendations are coveralls of nonwoven materials like Tyvek F, C that are resistant against concentrated and working solutions of furadan. To protect respiratory organs against furadan vapors and aerosols, one should use respirator of sorption filter half mask.

Increased soluble transferrin receptor in a case of hypernephroma accompanied by polycythaemia and elevated erythropoietin.

An increased level of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) has been recognized as a useful indicator of iron deficiency, especially in tumour anaemia and in chronic diseases. In cases of erythropoietin substitution, however, it indicates a successful stimulation of erythropoiesis. We report an "unusual" increase in sTfR in a 60-year-old man who suffered from end-stage hypernephroma with extended lung metastases. He showed pulmonal hypertension, polycythaemia and a high serum level of erythropoietin. We assume that, in this case, the increased sTfR originates not only from bone marrow but could be partly contributed also by the malignant tissue of the hypernephroma.

Mediating mechanisms in a program to reduce intentions to use anabolic steroids and improve exercise self-efficacy and dietary behavior.

This study investigated the mediating mechanisms responsible for the effects of a program designed to reduce intentions to use anabolic steroids, improve nutrition, and increase strength training self-efficacy. Fifteen of 31 high school football teams (N = 1,506 players at baseline) in Oregon and Washington were assigned to receive the intervention. The multicomponent program addressed the social influences promoting ergogenic drug use and engaging students in healthy nutrition and strength training alternative behaviors. Although the results differed across the three dependent variables, the program appeared to work by changing team norms. Unlike prevention of other drugs, changes in knowledge and perceived severity were mediators of program effects in this study.

Antibodies against oxidized LDL--theory and clinical use.

Modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles due to oxidation, glycation and binding of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) or malondialdehyde (MDA, a final product of lipid peroxidation) is considered most important in the process of atherogenesis. Oxidatively modified LDL are distinguished by another receptor type, which was discovered on the surface of macrophages and was called the scavenger receptor. Uncontrolled intake of LDL converts macrophages to foam cells; their accumulation under the vascular endothelium is considered as the first stage of atherosclerosis. Oxidation of LDL is a complex process taking place in both the extra- and intracellular space. At the end of this oxidative process, modified LDL particles show chemotactic, cytotoxic and immunogenic properties. Oxidized LDL express a large number of epitopes and cause production of polyclonal autoantibodies against these products, especially against apoB100 modified by MDA and 4-hydroxynonenal. IgoxLDL (antibodies against oxidized LDL) can be demonstrated either directly in intimal lesions or as a component of circulating immune complexes. IgoxLDL do not form a homogeneous group but a varied mixture of antibodies-isoantibodies caused by HDL and LDL polymorphism, antibodies against the lipid phase of LDL and antibodies against modified apoB100 of the immunoglobulin class IgA or IgG. Antibodies against oxLDL were found in many diseases other than atherosclerosis such as diabetes mellitus, renovascular syndrome, uremia, rheumatic fever, morbus Bechtjerev or lupus erythematodes. Newborns have practically the same levels of IgoxLDL as their mothers; however, these values did not differ from those in the healthy population of non-pregnant women of the same age. The decrease in IgoxLDL titer was very slow and lasted many months; that is why this parameter cannot be considered suitable for describing the rapid changes during oxidative stress of the organism. Positive correlation of IgoxLDL with antiphospholipids and other antibodies was repeatedly demonstrated; their determination can thus be used as a marker for the description of total production of autoantibodies in various diseases. The changes and correlations of IgoxLDL, anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I IgG and antiphospholipid antibodies support the immunological link between thrombotic and atherosclerotic processes in the human body.

Effect of efficiency improvement by injecting a sample at a lower carrier gas velocity in isothermal gas-liquid chromatography.

The effect of efficiency improvement of chromatographic system by injecting a sample at a lower carrier gas velocity (in comparison with the carrier gas velocity at subsequent separation) was studied experimentally and theoretically in isothermal gas-liquid chromatography. The suggested technique is based on sample introduction in the programmed carrier gas velocity operation mode: the injection is realized at low carrier gas velocity, then the velocity is increased rapidly up to the operation value. The technique can be applied in chromatographic practice.

Effects of fluoride and vanadate on K+ transport across the erythrocyte membrane of Rana temporaria.

K-Cl cotransport activity in frog erythrocytes was estimated as a Cl- -dependent component of K+ efflux from cells incubated in Cl- - or NO3- -containing medium at 20 degrees C. Decreasing the osmolality of the medium resulted in an increase in K+ efflux from the cells in a Cl- medium but not in an NO3- medium. Treatment of red cells with 5 mM NaF caused a significant decrease (approximately 50%) in K+ loss from the cells in iso- and hypotonic Cl- media but only a small decrease in K+ loss in isotonic NO3- medium. Addition of 1 mM vanadate to an isotonic Cl- medium also led to a significant reduction in K+ efflux. Similar inhibitory effects of NaF and vanadate on K+ efflux in a Cl- medium, but not in an NO3- medium were observed when the incubation temperature was decreased from 20 to 5 degrees C. Thus, under various experimental conditions, NaF and vanadate inhibited about 50% of Cl- -dependent K+ efflux from frog red cells probably due to inhibition of protein phosphatases. Cl- -dependent K+ (86Rb) influx into frog erythrocytes was nearly completely blocked (approximately 94%) by 5 mM NaF. In a NO3- medium, K+ influx was mainly mediated by the Na+,K+ pump and was unchanged in the presence of 5 mM NaF, 0.03 mM Al3+ or their combination. These data indicate that G proteins or cAMP are not involved in the regulation of Na+,K+ pump activity which is activated by catecholamines and phosphodiesterase blockers in these cells.

[Quantitative evaluation of ultrasonic images in differential diagnosis of bulky intraocular formations]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka ul'trazvukovykh izobrazhenii v differentsisal'noi diagnostike ob''emnykh vnutriglaznykh obrazovanii.

A method for evaluating ultrasonic gray-scale images by plotting amplitude histograms is proposed. From amplitude histogram analysis, echogenicity and homogeneity indexes of the examined tissues were estimated. A total of 213 images of bulky intraocular formations in 58 patients were analyzed by this method. Confidence intervals of the image echogenecity and homogeneity of choroidal melanomas did not overlap the confidence intervals of the above indexes of images of pseudotumorous intraocular formations. This permits using the homogeneity and echogenicity indexes as a test for differential diagnosis of bulky intraocular formations.

Autoantibodies against oxidized LDL in the first phase of life. Low density lipoproteins.

The study presents a comparison of data concerning lipid metabolism and lipid oxidation (oxidative stress) in children at the time of their birth and 3 months later, as well as of their mothers at the time of delivery, compared to a control group of non-pregnant women of the same age. The data confirm that labour represents an oxidative stress for both mother and child; it is expressed as a significant increase of malondialdehyde concentration in mothers immediately after delivery in comparison with non-pregnant women (p<0.001). Its concentration in newborns was even higher than in their mothers (p<0.005). Concentration of antibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDLAb) was comparable in mothers and newborns due to their transplacental transport. During the first three months of life these autoantibodies increased almost two-fold. The importance of this unique observation is discussed with respect to possible early atherogenesis.