Does dexamethasone act in neuropeptides SP and CGRP in neurogenic inflammation of the skin? An experimental study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) after subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone prior to skin incision in rats. METHODS: Twenty seven Wistar-EPM-1 rats were randomly divided into three groups. The sham group (SG) of rats was injected with 0.9 % saline. The second group (Dexa) was injected with 1.0 mg/kg dexamethasone, and the third group (Dexa+) was injected with 10.0 mg/kg dexamethasone. In all groups, the three subcutaneous injections were performed 30 minutes prior to the surgical skin incision and tissue collection. SP and CGRP (15 kDa pro-CGRP and 5 kDa CGRP) were quantified by Western Blotting. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found in pro-CGRP, CGRP and SP values in all three groups. CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone did not occur when the substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide levels were altered during the neurogenic inflammation process of skin wound healing in rats.

Does dexamethasone act in neuropeptides SP and CGRP in neurogenic inflammation of the skin? An experimental study

PURPOSE: To investigate the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) after subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone prior to skin incision in rats.METHODS:Twenty seven Wistar-EPM-1 rats were randomly divided into three groups. The sham group (SG) of rats was injected with 0.9 % saline. The second group (Dexa) was injected with 1.0 mg/kg dexamethasone, and the third group (Dexa+) was injected with 10.0 mg/kg dexamethasone. In all groups, the three subcutaneous injections were performed 30 minutes prior to the surgical skin incision and tissue collection. SP and CGRP (15 kDa pro-CGRP and 5 kDa CGRP) were quantified by Western Blotting.RESULTS: No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found in pro-CGRP, CGRP and SP values in all three groups.CONCLUSION:The anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone did not occur when the substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide levels were altered during the neurogenic inflammation process of skin wound healing in rats.

A research design for the quantification of the neuropeptides substance p and calcitonin gene-related Peptide in rat skin using Western blot analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and standardize a protocol that overcomes the technical limitations of Western blot (WB) analysis in the quantification of the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) following nociceptive stimuli in rat skin. DESIGN: Male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) weighing 250 to 350 g were used in this study. Elements of WB analysis were adapted by using specific manipulation of samples, repeated cycles of freezing and thawing, more thorough maceration, and a more potent homogenizer; increasing lytic reagents; promoting greater inhibition of protease activity; and using polyvinylidene fluoride membranes as transfer means for skin-specific protein. Other changes were also made to adapt the WB analysis to a rat model. SETTING: University research center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Western blot analysis adapted to a rat model. RESULTS: This research design has proven effective in collecting and preparing skin samples to quantify SP and CGRP using WB analysis in rat skin. CONCLUSION: This study described a research design that uses WB analysis as a reproducible, technically accessible, and cost-effective method for the quantification of SP and CGRP in rat skin that overcomes technical biases.

A importância da inclusão do termo sistema musculoaponeurótico superficial nos descritores em ciências da saúde e na terminologia anatômica internacional / Importance to include the term superficial musculoaponeurotic system in medical subject headings and in the international anatomical nomenclature

PURPOSE: To investigate the relevance of the term superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and demonstrate that this term is important enough to be added to the MeSH database and listed in International Anatomical Nomenclature. METHODS: Terms related to SMAS were selected from original articles retrieved from the ISI Web of Science and MEDLINE (PubMed) databases. Groups of terms were created to define a search strategy with high-sensitivity and restricted to scientific periodicals devoted to plastic surgery. This study included articles between January 1996 and May 2009, whose titles, abstracts, and keywords were searched for SMAS-related terms and all occurrences were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 126 original articles were retrieved from the main periodicals related to plastic surgery in the referred databases. Of these articles, 51.6 percent had SMAS-related terms in the abstract only, and 25.4 percent had SMAS-related terms in both the title and abstract. The term 'superficial musculoaponeurotic system' was present as a keyword in 19.8 percent of the articles. The most frequent terms were 'SMAS' (71.4 percent) and superficial musculoaponeurotic system (62.7 percent). CONCLUSION: The term SMAS refers to a structure relevant enough to start a discussion about indexing it as a keyword and as an official term in Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a relevância do termo sistema musculoaponeurótico superficial (SMAS) para propor a sua indicação para indexação como palavra-chave e inclusão na Terminologia Anatômica Internacional. MÉTODOS: Termos relacionados ao SMAS foram recuperados de artigos originais identificados por mapeamento automático nas bases ISI Web Of Science e MEDLINE (PubMed). Os termos foram agrupados a fim de formar uma estratégia de busca de alta sensibilidade, limitada a periódicos exclusivos da especialidade de Cirurgia Plástica. Destes periódicos, foram selecionados artigos publicados de janeiro de 1996 a maio de 2009. Avaliou-se o título, resumo e as palavras-chaves, computando-se todas as ocorrências de termos relacionadas ao SMAS. RESULTADOS: Recuperou-se um total de 126 artigos originais de periódicos relevantes, especializados em cirurgia plástica, e indexados nas bases mencionadas. Destes artigos, 51,6 por cento apresentavam termos relacionados com SMAS somente no resumo, e 25,4 por cento apresentavam termos relacionados com SMAS no título e resumo. O termo sistema musculoaponeurótico superficial estava presente como descritor em 19,8 por cento dos artigos. As ocorrências mais freqüentes foram SMAS (71,4 por cento) e sistema musculoaponeurótico superficial (62,7 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: O termo SMAS, referente à estrutura em estudo, apresentou relevância suficiente para ser indexado como palavra-chave e listado na Terminologia Anatômica Internacional.

Importance to include the term superficial musculoaponeurotic system in medical subject headings and in the international anatomical nomenclature.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relevance of the term superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and demonstrate that this term is important enough to be added to the MeSH database and listed in International Anatomical Nomenclature. METHODS: Terms related to SMAS were selected from original articles retrieved from the ISI Web of Science and MEDLINE (PubMed) databases. Groups of terms were created to define a search strategy with high-sensitivity and restricted to scientific periodicals devoted to plastic surgery. This study included articles between January 1996 and May 2009, whose titles, abstracts, and keywords were searched for SMAS-related terms and all occurrences were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 126 original articles were retrieved from the main periodicals related to plastic surgery in the referred databases. Of these articles, 51.6% had SMAS-related terms in the abstract only, and 25.4% had SMAS-related terms in both the title and abstract. The term 'superficial musculoaponeurotic system' was present as a keyword in 19.8% of the articles. The most frequent terms were 'SMAS' (71.4%) and superficial musculoaponeurotic system (62.7%). CONCLUSION: The term SMAS refers to a structure relevant enough to start a discussion about indexing it as a keyword and as an official term in Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology.

Avaliação dos resultados em reconstruções de orelha por defeito congênito ou trauma / Results evaluation of congenital and trauma acquired auricular deformities

Introdução: As deformidades auriculares congênitas e adquiridas apresentam um grande prejuízo funcional e, sobretudo, psicológico para o paciente. A Reconstrução de Orelha (RO) é um procedimento complexo que exige elevado detalhamento técnico, o que traz dificuldades para obtenção de bons resultados. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados após RO em defeitos auriculares congênitos e adquiridos por trauma. Método: Foram selecionados 19 pacientes em dois grupos: Grupo Microtia (GM) com 10 casos e Grupo Trauma (GT)com nove casos. A avaliação dos resultados foi feita de três maneiras: (1) auto-avaliação do paciente com notas de 1 a 5 no pré e pós-operatório, (2) avaliação com notas de 1 a 5 por dois cirurgiões plásticos segundo seis critérios técnicos e (3) incidência de complicações. Resultados: A auto-avaliação de pré e pós-operatório apresentou no GM nota de 2,4 e 4,3, e no GT nota de 1,66 e 3,77, respectivamente. A avaliação dos especialistas teve nota média entre todos os quesitos técnicos de 3,86 no GM e de 3,71 no GT. Ocorreram três complicações no GM e duas complicações no GT, com um insucesso total em cada grupo. Conclusão: A RO apresenta complicações que podem ser tratadas efetivamente na sua maior parte. A RO é uma cirurgia complexa, mas com a aplicação rigorosa da técnica escolhida, pode oferecer bons resultados dentro de critérios técnicos, elevando a auto-estimado paciente e ajudando-o na sua reintegração social.

Introduction: Congenital and acquired auricular deformities present considerable functional and psychological loss to the patient. The Auricular Reconstruction (AR) is a complex procedure that demands high technical skills and brings difficulties in order to obtain acceptable results. Objective: Evaluate the results after AR in congenital and trauma acquired auricular deformities. Method: It was considered 19 patients in two groups: Microtia Group (MG) with 10 cases and Trauma Group (TG) with nine cases. The results were evaluated by three methods: (1) patient self-evaluation graded from 1 to 5 in pre and post operative moments, (2) evaluation graded from 1 to 5 by two plastic surgeons following six technical aspects and (3) incidence of complications. Results: The self-evaluation in pre and post operative moments presented in MG grades 2.4 and 4.3, and in TG grades 1.66 and 3.77, respectively. The evaluation from specialists had a mean grade among all technical aspects of 3.86 in MG and 3.71 in TG. It happened three complications in MG and two complications in TG, with one total failure in each group. Conclusion: AR present complications that can be effectively treated in most occurrences. AR is a complex surgery, but throught rigorous execution of the chosen technique, can offer good technical results, bringing back the patient self-esteem and helping with his social reintegration.