RESUMO
AIM: To simultaneously analyze HIV-1 samples from all Russian regions to characterize the epidemiology of HIV infection in the country as a whole. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The most extensive study was conducted to examine nucleotide sequences of the pol gene of HIV-1 samples isolated from HIV-positive persons in different regions of Russia, with the diagnosis date being fixed during 1987-2015. The nucleotide sequences of the HIV-1 genome were analyzed using computer programs and on-line applications to identify a virus subtype and new recombinant forms. RESULTS: The nucleotide sequences of the pol gene were analyzed in 1697 HIV-1 samples and the findings were that the genetic variant subtype A1 (IDU-A) was dominant throughout the entire territory of Russia (in more than 80% of all infection cases). Other virus variants circulating in Russia were analyzed; the phenomenon of the higher distribution of the recombinant form CRF63/02A in Siberia, which had been previously described in the literature, was also confirmed. Four new recombinant forms generated by the virus subtype A1 (IDU-A) and B and two AG recombinant forms were found. There was a larger genetic distance between the viruses of IDU-A variant circulating among the injecting drug users and those infected through heterosexual contact, as well as a change in the viruses of subtype G that caused the outbreak in the south of the country over time in 1988-1989. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate continuous HIV-1 genetic variability and recombination over time in Russia, as well as increased genetic diversity with higher HIV infection rates in the population.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/classificação , Variação Genética/genética , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Recombinação Genética/genética , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Sibéria/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The pol and env genome regions of the HIV-1 genetic variants circulating in the irkutsk region of russia in 1999 and 2012 were compared. The results of this work showed the dominance of the HIV-1 subtype a IDU-A genetic variant (100%) in this region. No primary resistance mutations in the pol gene in the treatment-naive patients were found. The heterogeneity of the viral population was found to be significantly increased based on the pol and env analysis among HIV-variants isolated in 2012 (12.88% and 2.16%) from the intravenous drug users as compared to HIV-variants that caused the outbreak of the HIV infection in 1999 (1.64% and 0.47%). In addition, the comparison of genetic distances of the pol and env gene sequences in the viruses isolated in 2012 from the HIV-positive persons infected through heterosexual intercourse and intravenous drug use demonstrated that the transmission route influenced the variability of the virus population. Among the viruses of IDU-A variant circulating in the area in 2012 the prevalence of X4-tropic variants was 24.7%.
RESUMO
In this study pol gene analysis of 205 HIV-1 samples collected in Kazakhstan in 2009 and 2012-2013 was carried out. CRF02_AG variant is dominating in Almaty and actively circulates in East Kazakhstan Province. IDU-A variant is dominating in the rest of Kazakhstan. The data on low prevalence (3%) of HIV drug resistance mutations in native patients were obtained.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Infecções por HIV , HIV-1 , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/genética , HIV-1/genética , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Cazaquistão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Epidemiologia Molecular , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The results of the molecular-epidemiological analysis of the HIV-1 variants circulating in Blagoveshchensk and Khabarovsk (Russian Far East) were presented. In Blagoveshchensk HIV-1 IDU-A variants were dominated (92.5%), similar to the regions of the European part of Russia. In Khabarovsk the heterogeneity of circulating HIV-1 variants was noted. In addition to IDU-A variants (66.0%), the strains of subtype B (12.6%), C (4.4%) and recombinant strain form CRF02_AG (17.0%) were identified. Using the phylogenetic analysis method the version of the penetration of HIV-1 variants from China and Japan was not supported.
Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Infecções por HIV/genética , HIV-1/genética , Filogenia , Ásia Oriental , Variação Genética , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/patologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/patogenicidade , Humanos , Mutação , Recombinação Genética , Federação RussaRESUMO
The HIV-1 genetic variants circulated in the Asian part of the Russian Federation in 2005-2010 were studied. The samples of HIV-1 (427 in total) were collected in Khabarovsk, Magadan, Kurgan, Krasnoyarsk, Noyabr'sk, Yakutsk, Altay, and Tyva. Sequencing of some genome regions followed by the phylogenetic analysis or specific Internet resource sampling were used as the main methods of the HIV subtyping. The domination of the IDU-A HIV-1 genetic variant typical of HIV-infection epidemic in Russia was shown in all regions tested in 2005-2010. This variant prevailed both in IDUs and heterosexuals. In addition to IDU-A, some other HIV-1 genetic variants were found among them: subtype B and recombinant CRF03_AB. The HIV-1 genetic polymorphism in Russia was found to be low. An increase in the genetic distance among studied de novo samples was noted in the Asian part of Russia in 2005-2010 (26-68%) as compared to the European variants in 1996-1999 (10%).
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/genética , HIV-1/genética , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sibéria/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The results of the molecular epidemiological analysis of HIV-1 circulating in Kirghizia were presented. In the area of Kirghizia this type of the work was performed for the first time. Two main genetic variants were discovered: variant IDU-A dominating in the area of the former Soviet Union, as well as recombinant form CRF02_AG. The possibility of further recombination process between these two variants of HIV-1 was suggested.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , HIV-1/genética , Produtos do Gene env do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Produtos do Gene gag do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Produtos do Gene pol do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Sequência de Bases , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Quirguistão , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The gag, pol, and env genomic regions of HIV-1 variants currently circulating in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) were analyzed. The results of the study indicated that in this area there were HIV-1 variants belonging to two subtypes: A (IDU-A) and B, the former being predominant in this area and in the Russian Federation. The IDU-B-East strain was first isolated from a heterosexually infected patient, which suggests that the strain is outside the risk group of injection drug users. No cases of primary infection with resistant variants were notified during the study.
Assuntos
Genes env/genética , Genes gag/genética , Genes pol/genética , Infecções por HIV , HIV-1/genética , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos/genética , Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Surtos de Doenças , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/genética , HIV-1/classificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Prevalência , Sibéria/epidemiologia , Succinatos/farmacologia , Succinatos/uso terapêutico , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Triterpenos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The nucleotide sequence of the 5'-LTR region of provirus DNA of 45 samples of the variant IDY-A of HIV-1 subtype A, which had been isolated from seropositive persons in Russia was analyzed. The structure of 5'-LTR was shown to have a high conservatism within the subtype A. The virus variants carrying the altered TAR peg structure gained no further acceptance. An insertion of 12 p.n. was detected in the MFNLP region, which was characteristic of Russian samples of subtype A and which had an additional binding site for factor RBF-2 that was able to affect viral replicative capacities. The Sp1 (II) and AP3-like sites, binding NF-AT factor, proved to be most variable.
