[Nutritional assessment of adult population of the Republic of Bashkortostan].

The study of actual nutrition of Bashkortostan adult population using hygienic and statistical methods has been carried out. Based on the data on the nature and quantity of food consumed, the tables of the chemical composition of Russian food products and the results of own findings, nutritional and energy value of the average food set have been calculated. According to the data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the questionnaire survey of 1328 people (821 women and 507 men aged 25-60 years 1-3 groups of physical activity living in urban and rural areas), the consumption structure of basic food products (meat, eggs, potatoes, vegetable oil, sugar, bread) has been shown to be similar on the average in Russia and in the Republic of Bashkortostan, despite the presence of some specific peculiarities. People living in Bashkortostan consumed 30% more dairy products, while fish consumption was 2 fold lower, intake of fruits and vegetables reduced by 28%. When compared with rational norms, consumption of bread and sugar by Bashkortostan residents was 1.4 and 1.9 fold higher, vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood - was lower in 2.2, 2.6 and 2.7 fold, respectively, which largely affects the chemical composition of the diet. The energy value of food consumed was composed of 45% of carbohydrates, 42% of fats, 13% of proteins and consisted on average of 2812±196 kcal per day among men, and 2229±136 kcal among women. The diet imbalance of basic foods lead to a deficiency in the diet of calcium (by 25%), magnesium (15%) and vitamin C (50%), B1 (30%), B2 (45%), A (28%). The creation of a permanent information and promotion system to educate the population about the basic principles of healthy eating, the prevention of alimentary-dependent diseases, an increase in the production of food products of mass consumption with reduced fat, sugar, salt, enriched with vitamins and minerals can be recommended as an urgent measure for improving nutrition of the Republican population.

[Improper nutrition as a factor of parodontal inflammatory conditions at able-bodied age].

The study covered actual nutrition in able-bodied individuals having a diagnosed chronic generalized parodontitis. Findings are severe disorders in nutritional staus: severe element disbalance, vitamin insufficiency, fatty acids imbalance in nutrition, lower content of dietary fibers. The nutritional disorders in the examinees prove deep pathogenetic connection of parodontal diseases and internal disorders, associated with nutritional imbalance as well.

[Criteria of ecologic safety for serum levels of heavy metals in humans].

To evaluate ecologically allowable level of serum metals content in humans for making regional background normal level, the number of heavy metal ions should be determined in healthy human serum and simultaneously homeostasis parameters (hemolysis, biochemistry, immunologic) should be measured--clinically normal limits of these parameters are responsible for safe levels of of the heavy metals in human body. The suggested levels of metals in healthy human serum could serve as clinical MACs.

[Hygienic evaluation of health risk for Ufa city residents under exposure to heavy metals].

The article deals with results of evaluated metals intake by residents of Ufa - major industrial city. Findings are that in absence of occupational exposure to heavy metal salts human health becomes more vulnerable to ecologic influence. Main sources of heavy metals intake by humans are foods providing over 90% of daily dose of the metals. Higher level of lead, chromium, nickel and lower level of zinc in biologic materials of Ufa residents could result from character and degree of foods contamination.

[Alimentation dependent health disorders among adult population of Bashkortostan Republic and their relation with nutritional traits].

The authors demonstrated relationship between alimentation dependent diseases among adult population of the Republic and nutritional traits of the population, defined major directions of program to optimize nutrition of the population.

[Peculiarities of generalized periodontitis formation in oil extraction workers].

Studies covered dental state and biologic homeostasis in oil extraction workers (drillers and driller assistants). Findings are high prevalence of parodentium disorders among the examinees. The peripheral blood and mouth lavage appeared to contain excessive amounts of metals (nickel, cadmium).

[Mineral homeostasis changes in nephrolithiasis among able-bodied population].

The authors presented results of studies concerning oral cavity state and mineral homeostasis in agriculture workers with diagnosed nephrolithiasis. Severity of nephrolithiasis appeared to correlate with oral cavity state.

[Using biologic markers for evaluation of environmental pollution with metals].

Contemporary state of analytic basis enables to use human biologic materials adequately reflecting present ecologic situation for social hygienic monitoring of environmental pollution with heavy metals. To conduct biologic monitoring, regional databases on background metals content of human biologic materials are required. Regional data on elements contents of human body helps precise evaluation of health risk in exposure to environmental hazards.

[Chemical hair analysis in ore-dressing and processing plant workers].

The article presents results of studies covering elements content of hair and mineral bone density among workers engaged into Utchalinsky ore-dressing and processing enterprise (Utchaly town, Bashkortostan Republic) and among residents of copper-zinc geochemical province. Finding is dysbalance between levels of essential and toxic elements in hair, that is due to environmental and occupational factors. Analysis of elements homeostasis and mineral bone density could be recommended for early diagnosis of osteoporosis.

[Features of homeostasis in surgeons].

The article deals with results of studies concerning homeostasis system in surgeons working in major industrial city. Findings are disorders of elements balance, that manifest through lower content of some essential elements and accumulation of toxic ones. The authors defined correlations between adaptational level, immunologic and elemental states of the body.

[Occupational and ecologic components of regional industrial health risk in population exposed to mercury]. / Professional'naia i ékologicheskaia komponenty regional'nogo tekhnogennogo riska zdorov'iu naseleniia pri vozdeistvii rtuti.

Having total ecologic load considerably higher than that among general population, industrial workers form a priority risk group in ecologically unfavorable region characterized by environmental pollution with variable toxic chemicals. Nearly 70% of risk in the industrial workers are due to occupational factors. However, higher mercury content of biologic materials in the general population, being slightly lower than that in the industrial workers, could indicate possible specific conditions caused by mercury exposure in some residents of the settlement under study.

[Mercury levels in humans under conditions of environmental pollution by mercury-containing industrial waste]. / Rtut' v organizme liudei v usloviiakh zagriazneniia okruzhaiushchei sredy rtut'soderzhashchimi promyshlennymi otkhodami.

Hygienic monitoring of lead, cadmium, and mercury as environmental pollutants should include the analysis of adverse human and environmental effects. The hygienic investigations of environmental pollution with gold-mining waste involved measurements of Hg in the water, soil, foodstuffs and human biological materials. Hg was found in the biological substrata of both industrial workers and the general population since they eat the products of animals and plants from the polluted area.

[Human biosybstrates in ecologic analytical monitoring of heavy metals]. / Biosubstraty cheloveka v ékologoanalyticheskom monitoringe tiazhelykh metallov.

The authors revealed direct correlation between higher level of some heavy metals in environmental objects, foods and the metals level in human biologic materials. Human biologic materials appeared to reflect total metals intake and to serve objective criteria of environmental pollution.