Corrigendum: Phenotypic and genetic parameters of circadian rhythms from core body temperature profiles and their relationships with beef steers' production efficiency profiles during successive winter feeding periods.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1026601.].

Phenotypic and genetic parameters of circadian rhythms from core body temperature profiles and their relationships with beef steers' production efficiency profiles during successive winter feeding periods.

This 2-year study evaluated differences in circadian parameters obtained from measures of core body temperatures using telemetric reticulo-rumen and rectal devices during two winter feeding regimes in western Canada. The study also estimated phenotypic correlations and genetic parameters associated with circadian parameters and other production traits in each feeding regime. Each year, 80 weaned steer calves (initial age: 209 ± 11 days; BW: 264 ± 20 kg) from the same cohort were tested over two successive regimes, Fall-Winter (FW) and Winter-Spring (WS) at Lanigan, Saskatchewan, Canada. The steers received forage-based rations in both regimes where the individual feed intake was measured with automatic feeding units. During the trial, the reticulo-rumen (RTMP) and rectal (RCT) temperatures were simultaneously measured every 5 min using telemetric devices. These were used to calculate the circadian parameters (Midline Estimating Statistic Of Rhythms, amplitude, and acrophase/peak time) for both temperature measures. Growth and efficiency performance traits were also determined for all steers. Each steer was assigned into inefficient, neutral, and efficient classes based on the SD of the residual feed intake (RFI), residual gain (RG), and residual intake and gain (RIG) within each year and feeding regime. Higher (p < 0.0003) RTMP and rectal temperature MESORs were observed in the Fall-Winter compared to the Winter-Spring regime. While the two test regimes were different (p < 0.05) for the majority of the RTMP or RCT temperature parameters, they did not differ (p > 0.10) with the production efficiency profiles. The heritability estimates were higher in FW (0.78 ± 0.18 vs. 0.56 ± 0.26) than WS (0.50 ± 0.18 vs. 0.47 ± 0.22) for the rumen and rectal MESORs, respectively. There were positive genetic correlations between the two regimes for the RTMP (0.69 ± 0.21) and RCT (0.32 ± 0.59). There was a negative correlation (p < 0.001) between body temperature and ambient temperature. The high heritability estimates and genetic correlations for rumen and rectal temperature parameters demonstrate their potential as beef genetic improvement tools of economic traits associated with the parameters. However, there are limited practical implications of using only the core-body temperature as a proxy for production efficiency traits for beef steers during winter.

Investigating effective testing strategies for the control of Johne's disease in western Canadian cow-calf herds using an agent-based simulation model.

Johne's disease is an insidious infectious disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Johne's disease can have important implications for animal welfare and risks causing economic losses in affected herds due to reduced productivity, premature culling and replacement, and veterinary costs. Despite the limited accuracy of diagnostic tools, testing and culling is the primary option for controlling Johne's disease in beef herds. However, evidence to inform specific test and cull strategies is lacking. In this study, a stochastic, continuous-time agent-based model was developed to investigate Johne's disease and potential control options in a typical western Canadian cow-calf herd. The objective of this study was to compare different testing and culling scenarios that included varying the testing method and frequency as well as the number and risk profile of animals targeted for testing using the model. The relative effectiveness of each testing scenario was determined by the simulated prevalence of cattle shedding MAP after a 10-year testing period. A second objective was to compare the direct testing costs of each scenario to identify least-cost options that are the most effective at reducing within-herd disease prevalence. Whole herd testing with individual PCR at frequencies of 6 or 12 months were the most effective options for reducing disease prevalence. Scenarios that were also effective at reducing prevalence but with the lowest total testing costs included testing the whole herd with individual PCR every 24 months and testing the whole herd with pooled PCR every 12 months. The most effective method with the lowest annual testing cost per unit of prevalence reduction was individual PCR on the whole herd every 24 months. Individual PCR testing only cows that had not already been tested 4 times also ranked well when considering both final estimated prevalence at 10 years and cost per unit of gain. A more in-depth economic analysis is needed to compare the cost of testing to the cost of disease, taking into account costs of culling, replacements and impacts on calf crops, and to determine if testing is an economically attractive option for commercial cow-calf operations.

Estimating the sensitivity and specificity of serum ELISA and pooled and individual fecal PCR for detecting Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Canadian cow-calf herds using Bayesian latent class models.

While Johne's disease (JD) is less common in beef than in dairy herds, consolidation is increasing transmission risk. Estimates of Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP) prevalence and test performance in cow-calf herds are needed to inform control programs. Objectives of this study included describing the prevalence of MAP in Canadian cow-calf herds and comparing the relative performance of a serum ELISA, pooled fecal PCR and individual fecal PCR using Bayesian latent class models, and to investigate factors associated with positive MAP tests. Blood and fecal samples (n = 3,171) were collected from 159 Canadian cow-calf herds. All samples were analyzed using serum ELISA and fecal PCR (pools of five samples) and a subset of 913 fecal samples were also tested with individual PCR. Based on latent class analysis, MAP prevalence was higher in eastern compared to western Canada for both animals {East, 3% [95% Credible Interval (CrI) 1-7%]; West, 1% [95% CrI 0.2-2%]} and herds [East, 15% (95% CrI 2-35%); West, 10% (95% CrI 1-26%), based on one or more positive results]. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for animal level individual PCR were 96% (95% CrI 80-100%) and 98% (95% CrI 96-100%), respectively followed by pooled PCR [Se = 54% (95% CrI 36-72%), Sp > 99.9% (95% CrI 99.8-100%)] and ELISA [Se = 36% (95% CrI 22-52%), Sp = 98% (95% CrI 96-99%)]. Based on 20 samples per herd, the herd level Se of ELISA was 79% (95% CrI 47-100%) (at least one positive sample) compared to 43% (95% CrI 14-94%) for pooled PCR. Herd-level Sp was 99% (95% CrI 96-100%) for pooled PCR and 90% (95% CrI 83-100%) for ELISA. Cows from herds with dairy cattle on farm and cows with symptoms of JD in the past 3 years were more likely to be MAP positive. Herds that had animals with JD symptoms in the previous 3 years and those with more breeding females were most likely to test positive for MAP. While serum ELISA can be effective for herd screening, PCR performed better for animal testing. Pooled PCR testing could be a less costly option; however, determining the most cost-effective approach will require further economic analysis.

Antimicrobial resistance in bovine respiratory disease: Auction market- and ranch-raised calves.

This study compared changes in prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni in feedlot calves derived from the auction market (AUCT; n = 299) and from a single-ranch source (RANCH; n = 300). In the AUCT calves, the prevalence of Mannheimia haemolytica decreased, whereas Histophilus somni increased over the feeding period. The AUCT calves showed an increase in isolates not susceptible to tulathromycin for all bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens, an increase in Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni isolates not susceptible to oxytetracycline, and an increase in Pasteurella multocida isolates not susceptible to florfenicol. In the RANCH calves, the prevalence of all 3 BRD pathogens was high at feedlot entry and decreased significantly during the study period. In RANCH calves, there was a significant increase in Pasteurella multocida isolates not susceptible to oxytetracycline, tulathromycin, and florfenicol. Surprisingly, there was a significant decrease in Mannheimia haemolytica isolates that were not susceptible to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin.

Résistance aux antimicrobiens lors de maladies respiratoires bovines : veaux provenant de marché aux enchères et ceux élevés en ranch. Cette étude a comparé les changements dans la prévalence et la sensibilité aux antimicrobiens de Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida et Histophilus somni isolés de veaux en parc d'engraissement provenant du marché aux enchères (AUCT; n = 299) et d'un seul ranch (RANCH; n = 300). Chez les veaux AUCT, la prévalence de M. haemolytica a diminué, tandis que celle d'H. somni a augmenté au cours de la période d'alimentation. Les veaux AUCT ont montré une augmentation des isolats non sensibles à la tulathromycine pour tous les agents pathogènes des maladies respiratoires bovines (BRD), une augmentation des isolats de P. multocida et H. somni non sensibles à l'oxytétracycline, et une augmentation des isolats de P. multocida non sensibles au florfénicol. Chez les veaux du RANCH, la prévalence des 3 agents pathogènes BRD était élevée à l'entrée du parc d'engraissement et a diminué de manière significative au cours de la période d'étude. Chez les veaux RANCH, il y a eu une augmentation significative des isolats de P. multocida non sensibles à l'oxytétracycline, à la tulathromycine et au florfénicol. Étonnamment, il y a eu une diminution significative des isolats de M. haemolytica qui n'étaient pas sensibles à l'oxytétracycline, à la tilmicosine et à la tulathromycine.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Biosecurity practices in western Canadian cow-calf herds and their association with animal health.

Biosecurity practices of beef cow-calf herds in western Canada have not been studied extensively nor is there a good understanding of their association with herd health. A survey was sent to 103 cow-calf producers of the Western Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network. Eighty completed questionnaires were returned. Bulls were purchased for all herds during the 2014 to 2017 study period; 54% of herds purchased heifers and 42% purchased cows. The use of standard biosecurity practices was generally low with 30% of producers keeping purchased animals separate and 30% vaccinating new additions. None of the evaluated biosecurity practices were associated with reporting Johne's disease. The purchase of > 10 bulls, the purchase of cows, not vaccinating animals bought into the herd, and use of community pasture were associated with a bovine respiratory disease outbreak. Outbreaks of calf diarrhea were associated with the purchase of 10 or more bulls, the use of a community pasture, and leasing or sharing bulls.

Pratiques de biosécurité dans les troupeaux de vaches-veaux de l'Ouest canadien et leur association avec la santé animale. Les pratiques de biosécurité des troupeaux de bovins de boucherie de l'Ouest canadien n'ont pas fait l'objet d'études approfondies et il n'y a pas de bonne compréhension de leur association avec la santé du troupeau. Un sondage a été envoyé à 103 producteurs de vaches-veaux du Réseau de surveillance vache-veau de l'Ouest canadien. Quatre-vingts questionnaires remplis ont été retournés. Des taureaux ont été achetés pour tous les troupeaux au cours de la période d'étude 2014 à 2017; 54 % des troupeaux ont acheté des génisses et 42 % des vaches. L'utilisation des pratiques de biosécurité standard était généralement faible, 30 % des producteurs gardant les animaux achetés séparés et 30 % vaccinant les nouveaux ajouts. Aucune des pratiques de biosécurité évaluées n'était associée à la déclaration de la maladie de Johne. L'achat de plus de 10 taureaux, l'achat de vaches, et la non-vaccination d'animaux incorporés dans le troupeau, et l'utilisation de pâturages communautaires ont été associés à une épidémie de maladie respiratoire bovine. Les flambées de diarrhée des veaux étaient associées à l'achat de 10 taureaux ou plus, à l'utilisation d'un pâturage communautaire et à la location ou au partage de taureaux.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

An investigation of enzymatic creatinine interference in a patient receiving dopamine and dobutamine.

BACKGROUND: A laboratory investigation was initiated after a renal failure patient had a 2.18 mg/dL decrease in serum creatinine, which was not explained through medical intervention. The investigation revealed specimens providing questionably low results had been collected from a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line. METHODS: Patient specimens and serum pools were analyzed by the Siemens Vista enzymatic creatinine measurement procedure. A simulation of the patient's infusion protocol examined potential PICC line carryover and specimen collection technique. RESULTS: A simultaneously collected specimen set, arterial line and PICC line, yielded a difference of 1.86 mg/dL. Infusion and collection simulation studies suggested the most likely scenario was the infusion pump was not shut off while the specimen collection occurred and contaminated the specimen. CONCLUSION: Providers should be aware of erroneously low creatinine results when administering catecholamine drugs and collecting specimens through the same catheter. The mechanism of specimen contamination is consistent with a siphoning effect from one lumen to the other during collection with the infusion pumps still running.

MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN A GIANT PANDA (AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA) WITH MULTIMODAL THERAPY INCLUDING AMANTADINE SULPHATE.

In 2002 a 23-yr-old female giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) presented with left hind limb lameness presumably due to osteoarthritis. For the next five years, arthritic episodes were managed with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) carprofen at 2 mg/kg p.o. s.i.d., then reduced to 1 mg/kg p.o. s.i.d. and withdrawn. Radiographs revealed osteoarthritis in various joints and lumbar spondylosis. In 2007 glucosamine and chondroitin at 1.65 g p.o. b.i.d. and a polyunsaturated fatty acid at 1 capsule p.o. s.i.d. By 2008, arthritic episodes were becoming more difficult to successfully manage and higher doses and longer durations of treatment with carprofen were needed (2 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d.) and by August 2009 episodic treatment was no longer successful so the carprofen was continued indefinitely at 1 mg/kg p.o. s.i.d. In November 2009 carprofen was increased to 2 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. An NMDA antagonist amantadine sulphate was trialed and after 10 days at 200 mg p.o. s.i.d. the clinical signs resolved. Since then it has been maintained on carprofen at 1 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d., amantadine sulphate 200 mg p.o. s.i.d. and the neutraceuticals as above with no further relapses of arthritic pain.