In vitro antibacterial activity of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) crude extract against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from canine pyoderma.

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, commonly involved in canine pyoderma, can be classified as meticillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) or meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). MRSP infections may be difficult to treat due to broad ß-lactam resistance of MRSP and typically additional multidrug-resistance. Topical antibacterial treatment is the preferred treatment modality for surface and superficial skin infections. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Mangosteen crude extract containing the antibacterial compound α-mangostin will have in vitro activity against MSSP and MRSP isolated from canine pyoderma. BACTERIAL ISOLATES: Twenty-three samples, MSSP (n = 12) and MRSP (n = 11), isolated from canine pyoderma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for mangosteen crude extract by broth microdilution. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to determine the amount of α-mangostin in mangosteen crude extract. A time-kill assay was performed at 30 min and 2 h after exposure to a high concentration of crude extract (100× MIC). Antibacterial activity for α-mangostin was calculated according to HPLC results. RESULTS: The concentration of α-mangostin was 17.72 ± 1.42% w/w. The mean MIC of α-mangostin towards MSSP was 0.53 ± 0.35 µg/mL, whereas the mean value for MRSP was 0.47 ± 0.27 µg/mL. There was no difference between the mean MIC of MRSP and MSSP (P = 0.84). After a 30 min exposure to 100× MIC of the crude extract, a 95% reduction in colony forming units was found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results showed that α-mangostin in mangosteen crude extract was effective in inhibiting S. pseudintermedius (both MRSP and MSSP). Clinical studies are needed to investigate this effectiveness further in vivo.

A field trial in Thailand of the efficacy of oral fluralaner for the treatment of dogs with generalized demodicosis.

BACKGROUND: Generalized demodicosis in dogs can be challenging to manage, especially in adult-onset cases. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the efficacy of oral fluralaner at the dose of 25-50 mg/kg for the treatment of canine generalized demodicosis. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs from Bangkok, Thailand, diagnosed with generalized demodicosis according to published criteria. METHODS: Deep skin scrapings were performed at three to five affected areas to evaluate numbers of mites. Repeat examinations were performed monthly until parasitological cure; dogs were then followed up for two to 12 months. Parasitological cure was defined as two negative skin scrapings achieved one month apart. RESULTS: One hundred and fifteen dogs were included in the study, 73 with adult-onset demodicosis and 42 with juvenile-onset demodicosis. Twenty one dogs were lost to follow-up and 27 had one negative skin scraping but did not return. Sixty seven dogs (21 with juvenile-onset and 46 with adult-onset disease) reached parasitological cure, which occurred after two, three and four months in 63%, 85% and 100% (respectively) of dogs with adult-onset demodicosis, cumulatively, and after two and three months in 81% and 100% of dogs with juvenile-onset demodicosis. Underlying causes associated with adult-onset demodicosis included atopic dermatitis, neoplasia, metabolic diseases and idiopathy. No adverse effects of fluralaner were observed in any of the dogs. CONCLUSION: Fluralaner given at the label dose for flea and tick prevention is effective for the treatment of canine generalized demodicosis.

Cutaneous blastomycosis and dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a Persian cat from Bangkok, Thailand.

This is a case report of concurrent of blastomycosis and pseudomycetoma in a 3 year-old Persian cat from Bangkok, Thailand. Histopathology from antemortem and postmortem samples revealed blastomycosis and dermatophyte pseudomycetoma. The PCR analysis of the formalin-embedded tissue of antemortem sample confirmed that blastomycosis was caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis. Dermatophyte infection was caused by Microsporum canis. According to the author's knowledge, this is the first case of Blastomyces dermatitidis and dermatophyte pseudomycetoma in South-East Asia.