RESUMO
Background: Scrub typhus, caused by the intracellular bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi is widely distributed in Southeast Asian countries with antigenically divergent strains reported across the Asia-Pacific belt. The present study was conducted to characterize the circulating strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi prevailing in two Northeastern states of India-the gateway to most Southeast Asian countries. Methods: A total of 278 (98 clinical and 180 field collected) scrub typhus positive blood samples collected from December 2014 to December 2016 were subjected for amplification of partial 56 KDa, 47 KDa and 16SrRNA genes of Orientia. Results: Highest number of PCR positives were obtained for 56 KDa gene (17.3%); followed by 11.2% for 47 KDa gene and 5.1% for 16S rRNA gene. High degree of genetic diversity was identified among the identified strains, especially within the 56 KDa gene. Different strains of Orientia circulate in the northeastern part of India, with a pre-dominance of Karp-like strains. Independently branched isolates formed distinct clades, suggesting the possibility of a new strain type of Orientia. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the genetic and evolutionary relationship of Orientia strains prevalent in this part of the country. Understanding the regional genetic diversity is crucial for its implications in vaccine developments strategies as well as sero-diagnostics. Accession numbers: KU163366, KY594249, KY594248, KY594251, KU163359, KU163361, KU163363, KU163369, KY594250, KP067915, KU163373, KU163372, KU163370, KU163364, KU163362, KY594247, KY594252, KU163360, KU163365, KU163367, KU163368, KU163371, KX1555826, KY594257, KY594255, KY594256, KX155825, KX155829, KX155827, KX155828, KY594254, KY594253, KY594258, KY583503, KY583499, KY583501, KY583500, KY583502.
Assuntos
Orientia tsutsugamushi/genética , Orientia tsutsugamushi/isolamento & purificação , Tifo por Ácaros/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Feminino , Variação Genética , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Tifo por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Tifo por Ácaros/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To determine the contribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the agent of scrub typhus, as a cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Assam, India, we conducted a retrospective study of hospital patients with symptoms of AES during 2013-2015. Our findings suggest that O. tsutsugamushi infection leads to AES and the resulting illness and death.
Assuntos
Encefalopatia Aguda Febril/epidemiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Orientia tsutsugamushi/genética , Filogenia , Tifo por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Encefalopatia Aguda Febril/etiologia , Encefalopatia Aguda Febril/microbiologia , Encefalopatia Aguda Febril/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Orientia tsutsugamushi/classificação , Orientia tsutsugamushi/isolamento & purificação , Orientia tsutsugamushi/patogenicidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tifo por Ácaros/complicações , Tifo por Ácaros/microbiologia , Tifo por Ácaros/mortalidade , Estações do Ano , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Cryptococcus neoformans infection can occur in a wide range of hosts ranging from those who are severely immunosuppressed to those who are apparently immunocompetent. Two apparently immunocompetent HIV-seronegative patients with cryptococcal meningitis and multiple skin lesions, both due to C. neoformans var. grubii, are reported. Pregnancy was found as an associated factor in cryptococcal meningitis in a 20-year-old female patient from Arunachal Pradesh. Multiple skin lesions were the presenting feature of an 18-year-old male patient from Dibrugarh, eastern Assam. The organism was identified both phenotypically and by sequencing of ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rRNA gene. The cases are reported because of rarity of this infection in non-HIV-infected patients.
