[Neonatal management in the emergency department of a tertiary children's hospital]. / Asistencia a neonatos en el servicio de urgencias de un hospital pediátrico terciario.

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the chief complaints in neonates presenting to a pediatric emergency service and their management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients younger than 28 days old who presented to the pediatric emergency department in 2003. Patients directly admitted to the neonatal unit and those attended by the surgery and orthopedic surgery departments were excluded. Information on sex, age, time and date, waiting time, visit duration, source of referral, presenting complaint, complementary examinations, final diagnosis, and hospital admission were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 1,481 neonatal visits. The mean chronological age was 15.8 days and 57.3 % were boys. Visits were most frequent on Fridays, evening shifts, and in July and December. The most frequent chief complaints were crying/irritability (16.3 %), fever (13.6 %), vomiting (11 %), and influenza (10.8 %). The most frequent final diagnoses were feeding problems (12.6 %), infantile colic (12.4 %), and upper respiratory tract infections (12 %). No abnormalities were detected in 11.7 % of the patients and complementary examinations were not required in 45.9 %. The admission rate was 26 %, most commonly due to fever and bronchiolitis. CONCLUSIONS: Many visits were due to minor problems that did not require complementary examinations and could have been resolved in primary care. Because of the greater vulnerability of this age group, thorough investigation is required to rule out severe disease. This phenomenon was reflected by the large number of complementary examinations and admissions.

Asistencia a neonatos en el servicio de urgencias de un hospital pediátrico terciario / Neonatal management in the emergency department of a tertiary children’s hospital

Objetivo Conocer qué problemas motivan las consultas de neonatos a un servicio de urgencias y determinar las características de la atención que se les ofrece. Material y métodos Revisión retrospectiva de los informes de urgencias de los neonatos atendidos durante el año 2003. Se excluyen los pacientes que ingresaron directamente en el Servicio de Neonatología y los atendidos por las secciones de Cirugía y Traumatología. Se analizan edad, sexo, hora y fecha de llegada, tiempo de espera y asistencia, derivación por otro médico/centro, motivo de consulta, exploraciones complementarias, diagnóstico final y destino del paciente. Resultados Se realizaron 1.481 visitas, con edad media de 15,8 días. El 53,7 % eran varones. La mayor presión asistencial se registró en viernes, en el turno de tarde y en los meses de julio y diciembre. El principal motivo de consulta fue llanto/irritabilidad (16,3 %), seguido de fiebre (13,6 %), vómitos (11 %) y cuadro catarral (10,8 %). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron: dudas de puericultura (12,6 %), cólico del lactante (12,4 %) e infección de vías respiratorias altas (12 %). En el 11,7 % de los casos no se objetivó ninguna patología y el 45,9 % no precisó exploraciones complementarias. La proporción de ingresos fue del 26 %, principalmente por fiebre sin foco y bronquiolitis. Conclusiones Muchas consultas corresponden a patología menor que no precisan exploraciones complementarias y podrían ser resueltas en centros de atención primaria. La alta vulnerabilidad de la etapa neonatal requiere de una valoración minuciosa por la posibilidad de procesos graves, dato reflejado en la elevada proporción de pruebas diagnósticas e ingresos

Objective To determinate the chief complaints in neonates presenting to a pediatric emergency service and their management. Material and methods We performed a retrospective study of patients younger than 28 days old who presented to the pediatric emergency department in 2003. Patients directly admitted to the neonatal unit and those attended by the surgery and orthopedic surgery departments were excluded. Information on sex, age, time and date, waiting time, visit duration, source of referral, presenting complaint, complementary examinations, final diagnosis, and hospital admission were analyzed. Results There were 1,481 neonatal visits. The mean chronological age was 15.8 days and 57.3 % were boys. Visits were most frequent on Fridays, evening shifts, and in July and December. The most frequent chief complaints were crying/irritability (16.3 %), fever (13.6 %), vomiting (11 %), and influenza (10.8 %). The most frequent final diagnoses were feeding problems (12.6 %), infantile colic (12.4 %), and upper respiratory tract infections (12 %). No abnormalities were detected in 11.7 % of the patients and complementary examinations were not required in 45.9 %. The admission rate was 26 %, most commonly due to fever and bronchiolitis. Conclusions Many visits were due to minor problems that did not require complementary examinations and could have been resolved in primary care. Because of the greater vulnerability of this age group, thorough investigation is required to rule out severe disease. This phenomenon was reflected by the large number of complementary examinations and admissions

Absceso piógeno hepático en un paciente sano / Pyogenic liver abscess in a healthy boy

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Influencia de la prueba de detección rápida del virus de la gripe en el manejo del niño febril en urgencias pediátricas / Influence of the rapid influenza virus detection test on the management of the febrile child in the paediatric emergency setting

Objetivos: Determinar las características clínicas de los pacientes diagnosticados de gripe con una prueba de detección rápida y constatar las diferencias de actuación en Urgencias con respecto a los pacientes con resultado negativo. Métodos: Revisión de las historias clínicas de aquellos pacientes a los que se solicitó una prueba de detección rápida para virus Influenza en aspirado nasofaríngeo. Resultados: Se solicitó el test en 142 pacientes (mediana de edad: 2,4 meses). Se obtuvo un resultado positivo en 63 (44,4%). La indicación principal fue fiebre asociada a clínica respiratoria (62,7%), seguida de fiebre sin foco (33,8%). De todos los pacientes con gripe sólo uno presentó un urocultivo positivo; los hemocultivos realizados y los cultivos de LCR fueron negativos. Al comparar los pacientes diagnosticados de gripe con aquéllos sin gripe no se detectaron diferencias en cuanto al sexo, edad, presencia de fiebre alta o de síntomas respiratorios. Por el contrario, los pacientes con gripe tenían menos dificultad respiratoria (1,6% vs 17,7%) y existía con más frecuencia ambiente epidémico en el domicilio (54% vs 31,6%) (p<0,01). A los pacientes con test de diagnóstico rápido positivo se les practicaron menos radiografías de tórax (30,2% vs 51,9%) (p<0,01), ingresaron menos (19% vs 57%) (p<0,001) y recibieron menos antibiótico (14,3% vs 40,5%) (p<0,001). En el subgrupo de 25 pacientes menores de 1 mes no se encontraron diferencias en ninguno de los parámetros estudiados. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con test positivo para Influenza presentan escasas características clínicas diferenciales. Disponer de técnicas de diagnóstico rápido para la gripe en Urgencias cambia el manejo diagnóstico- terapéutico en los niños de 1 a 36 meses con fiebre (AU)

Objectives: To determine the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with influenza with a rapid test and to study the different management in the Emergency Room with respect to the patients with a negative Influenza test. Methods: Retrospective revision of charts of those patients to whom a test of rapid detection for Influenza was ordered. Results: The test was ordered in 142 patients (median of age of 2.4 months). A positive result for the virus was obtained in 63 patients (44.4%). The main indication for the test was fever with respiratory symptoms (62.7%), followed of fever without source (33.8%). Only one patient with influenza had a positive urine culture; all the blood cultures and CSF cultures were negative. When comparing the patients with a positive test with those with a negative test we do not detect differences in sex, age, high fever or respiratory symptoms. On the other way, the patients with influenza had less respiratory distress (1.6% vs. 17.7%) and more epidemic context at home (54% vs. 31.6%) (<0.01). Patients with a positive test had a lower incidence of admission (19% vs. 57%), received less chest x-rays (30.2% vs. 51.9%) and less antibiotics (14.3% vs. 40.5%). In the sub-group of 25 patients younger than 1 month we did not find any differences. Conclusions: Patients with a positive Influenza test present small clinical differences with respect to those with a negative test. Rapid Influenza test in the Emergency setting modifies the classic management of febrile children aged 1 to 36 months (AU)