On t-intuitionistic fuzzy graphs: a comprehensive analysis and application in poverty reduction.

This paper explains the idea of t-intuitionistic fuzzy graphs as a powerful way to analyze and display relationships that are difficult to understand. The article also illustrates the ability of t-intuitionistic fuzzy graphs to establish complex relationships with multiple factors or dimensions of a physical situation under consideration. Moreover, the fundamental set operations of t-intuitionistic fuzzy graphs are proposed. The notions of homomorphism and isomorphism of t-intuitionistic fuzzy graphs are also introduced. Furthermore, the paper highlights a practical application of the proposed technique in the context of poverty reduction within a specific society. By employing t-intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, the research demonstrates the potential to address the multifaceted nature of poverty, considering various contributing factors and their interdependencies. This application showcases the versatility and effectiveness of t-intuitionistic fuzzy graphs as a tool for decision-making and policy planning in complex societal issues.

Application of t-intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup to Sylow theory.

In this paper, we define the notion of a t-intuitionistic fuzzy conjugate element and determine the t-intuitionistic fuzzy conjugacy classes of a t-intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup. We propose the idea of a t-intuitionistic fuzzy p- subgroup and prove the t-intuitionistic fuzzy version of the Cauchy theorem. In addition, we present the idea of a t-intuitionistic fuzzy conjugate subgroup and investigate various fundamental algebraic characteristics of this notion. Furthermore, we provide the idea of the t-intuitionistic fuzzy Sylow p- subgroup and prove the t-intuitionistic fuzzification of Sylow's theorems.

Towards Establishing Fiscal Legitimacy Through Settled Fiscal Principles in Global Health Financing.

Scholarship on international health law is currently pushing the boundaries while taking stock of achievements made over the past few decades. However despite the forward thinking approach of scholars working in the field of global health one area remains a stumbling block in the path to achieving the right to health universally: the financing of heath. This paper uses the book Global Health Law by Larry Gostin to reflect and take stock of the fiscal support provided to the right to health from both a global and an African perspective. It then sets out the key fiscal challenges facing global and African health and proposes an innovative solution for consideration: use of the domestic principles of tax to design the global health financing system.

Is universal health coverage the practical expression of the right to health care?

The present Millennium Development Goals are set to expire in 2015 and their next iteration is now being discussed within the international community. With regards to health, the World Health Organization proposes universal health coverage as a 'single overarching health goal' for the next iteration of the Millennium Development Goals.The present Millennium Development Goals have been criticised for being 'duplicative' or even 'competing alternatives' to international human rights law. The question then arises, if universal health coverage would indeed become the single overarching health goal, replacing the present health-related Millennium Development Goals, would that be more consistent with the right to health? The World Health Organization seems to have anticipated the question, as it labels universal health coverage as "by definition, a practical expression of the concern for health equity and the right to health".Rather than waiting for the negotiations to unfold, we thought it would be useful to verify this contention, using a comparative normative analysis. We found that--to be a practical expression of the right to health--at least one element is missing in present authoritative definitions of universal health coverage: a straightforward confirmation that international assistance is essential, not optional.But universal health coverage is a 'work in progress'. A recent proposal by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network proposed universal health coverage with a set of targets, including a target for international assistance, which would turn universal health coverage into a practical expression of the right to health care.

A global social contract to reduce maternal mortality: the human rights arguments and the case of Uganda.

Progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5a, reducing maternal deaths by 75% between 1990 and 2015, has been substantial; however, it has been too slow to hope for its achievement by 2015, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. This suggests that both the Government of Uganda and the international community are failing to comply with their right-to-health-related obligations towards the people of Uganda. This country case study explores some of the key issues raised when assessing national and international right-to-health-related obligations. We argue that to comply with their shared obligations, national and international actors will have to take steps to move forward together. The Government of Uganda should not expect additional international assistance if it does not live up to its own obligations; at the same time, the international community must provide assistance that is more reliable in the long run to create the 'fiscal space' that the Government of Uganda needs to increase recurrent expenditure for health - which is crucial to addressing maternal mortality. We propose that the 'Roadmap on Shared Responsibility and Global Solidarity for AIDS, TB and Malaria Response in Africa', adopted by the African Union in July 2012, should be seen as an invitation to the international community to conclude a global social contract for health.