Impacts of Biosynthesized Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidant Capacity, Hematological Parameters, and Antioxidant Protein Docking in Broilers.

Using green tomato extract, a green approach was used to synthesize manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2NPs). The synthesis of MnO2NPs was (20.93-36.85 nm) confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) analyses. One hundred fifty-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups. The control group received a diet containing 60 mg Mn/kg (100% NRC broiler recommendation). The other four groups received different levels of Mn from both bulk MnO2 and green synthesized MnO2NPs, ranging from 66 to 72 mg/kg (110% and 120% of the standard level). Each group comprised 30 birds, in three replicates of 10 birds each. Generally, the study's results indicate that incorporating MnO2NPs as a feed additive had no negative effects on broiler chick growth, antioxidant status, and overall physiological responses. The addition of MnO2NPs, whether at 66 or 72 mg/kg, led to enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both serum and liver tissues of the broiler chicks. Notably, the 72 mg MnO2NPs group displayed significantly higher SOD activity compared to the other groups. The study was further justified through docking. High throughput targeted docking was performed for proteins GHS, GST, and SOD with MnO2. SOD showed an effective binding affinity of -2.3 kcal/mol. This research sheds light on the potential of MnO2NPs as a safe and effective feed additive for broiler chicks. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects of incorporating MnO2NPs into broiler feed, to optimize broiler production and promote its welfare.

Correlation between Depth of Medial and Lateral Curvatures of Clavicle.

Having the first bone to ossify clavicle is a bone of pectoral girdle. It is the only bony attachment between the trunk and upper limb. To obtain the precise data that is required to investigate the range in size and morphological features of the human clavicle, a study was undertaken on dry human clavicles which had been sourced from the Department of Anatomy. The purpose for undertaking this study was to obtain baseline data on the clavicular bow in the transverse plane. This cross-sectional descriptive study having some analytical components was done among 150 (65 right and 85 left) fully ossified dry clavicles in Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from January 2020 to December 2020. Sample which met the inclusion criteria was collected through non random sampling technique, from Anatomy department of Mymensingh Medical College and Community Based Medical College Bangladesh. The parameters (the depth of medial and lateral curvatures) were measured with the help of rigid osteometry board and were expressed in millimeter. In the current study, the mean±SD depth of medial curvature of 65 clavicles of right side was 15.54±3.54mm and 15.45±3.24mm of 85 left clavicles. The mean±SD depth of lateral curvature of right side was 11.71±2.54mm and of left side was 9.21±2.31mm. Correlation was done in between depth of medial and lateral curvatures on both sides and the regression line showed positive correlation but these differences were statistically non-significant on both sides.

Extracts of wild Egyptian plants from the desert inhibit the growth of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in vitro.

Wild medicinal plants have been traditionally used as antimicrobial agents. Here, we evaluated the in vitro activity of extracts from wild Egyptian desert plants against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. From 12 plant extracts tested, the methanolic extracts from Artemisia judaica, Cleome droserifolia, Trichodesma africanum, and Vachellia tortilis demonstrated potent activity against the growth of T. gondii, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 2.1, 12.5, 21.8, and 24.5 µg/ml, respectively. C. droserifolia, an ethanolic extract of P. undulata, T. africanum, A. judaica, and V. tortilis demonstrated potent efficacy against N. caninum, with mean IC50s of 1.0, 3.0, 3.1, 8.6, and 17.2 µg/ml, respectively. Our data suggest these extracts could provide an alternative treatment for T. gondii and N. caninum infections.

Wild Egyptian medicinal plants show in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity and antimalarial activities.

BACKGROUND: Medicinal plants have been successfully used as an alternative source of drugs for the treatment of microbial diseases. Finding a novel treatment for malaria is still challenging, and various extracts from different wild desert plants have been reported to have multiple medicinal uses for human public health, this study evaluated the antimalarial efficacy of several Egyptian plant extracts. METHODS: We assessed the cytotoxic potential of 13 plant extracts and their abilities to inhibit the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7), and to treat infection with non-lethal Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL in an in vivo malaria model in BALB/c mice. RESULTS: In vitro screening identified four promising candidates, Trichodesma africanum, Artemisia judaica, Cleome droserifolia, and Vachellia tortilis, with weak-to-moderate activity against P. falciparum erythrocytic blood stages with mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 11.7 µg/ml, 20.0 µg/ml, 32.1 µg/ml, and 40.0 µg/ml, respectively. Their selectivity index values were 35.2, 15.8, 11.5, and 13.8, respectively. Among these four candidates, T. africanum crude extract exhibited the highest parasite suppression in a murine malaria model against P. yoelii. CONCLUSION: Our study identified novel natural antimalarial agents of plant origin that have potential for development into therapeutics for treating malaria.

Electronic Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury in a Previously Healthy Young Male.

Vaping (i.e., the use of electronic cigarettes) has been gaining popularity among people for the past few years, perhaps due to the misconception that its use is less harmful than traditional cigarettes. Although the long-term effects of these products are still unknown, it has been shown that they can be implicated in acute lung injury in healthy people. In 2019, an epidemic of severe acute lung injury was reported in the United States, and it was linked to vaping or electronic cigarette use and was referred to as e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Here, we present the first case of EVALI in the state of Qatar.

Improving tenderness and quality of M. biceps femoris from older cows through concentrate feeding, zingibain protease and sous vide cooking.

The study investigated the effect of zingibain protease and sous vide cooking on tenderness and water-holding capacity of M. biceps femoris (BF) from 30 older Angus cows (6-7 years) fed concentrates for 0, 28, 42 or 56 days. BF were cooked for 1, 8, and 18 h at 65 °C and 75 °C, without any pre-treatment, after they have been injected with water only or after they have been injected with either 1 g/L or 2 g/L ginger powder solution (containing zingibain). Samples were tested for cooking loss, total water content, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), collagen content, and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI). Results revealed the significant interactions between concentrate feeding, ginger powder injection, cooking temperature, and time on quality traits. WBSF was reduced (P < 0.001) by increasing zingibain concentration at 65 °C but a gradual decrease was noted at 75 °C. Collagen solubility and MFI increased (P < 0.05) with increasing zingibain concentration. Injecting zingibain along with sous vide cooking demonstrated the weakening of myofibrillar and connective tissue proteins contributing to enhanced collagen solubility and tenderness in BF.

Surface water quality status and prediction during movement control operation order under COVID-19 pandemic: Case studies in Malaysia.

Global concerns have been observed due to the outbreak and lockdown causal-based COVID-19, and hence, a global pandemic was announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020. The Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia acts to moderate the spread of COVID-19 through the enacted measures. Furthermore, massive industrial, agricultural activities and human encroachment were significantly reduced following the MCO guidelines. In this study, first, a reconnaissance survey was carried out on the effects of MCO on the health conditions of two urban rivers (i.e., Rivers of Klang and Penang) in Malaysia. Secondly, the effect of MCO lockdown on the water quality index (WQI) of a lake (Putrajaya Lake) in Malaysia is considered in this study. Finally, four machine learning algorithms have been investigated to predict WQI and the class in Putrajaya Lake. The main observations based on the analysis showed that noticeable enhancements of varying degrees in the WQI had occurred in the two investigated rivers. With regard to Putrajaya Lake, there is a significant increase in the WQI Class I, from 24% in February 2020 to 94% during the MCO month of March 2020. For WQI prediction, Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) outperformed other models in predicting the changes in the index with a high level of accuracy. For sensitivity analysis results, it is shown that NH3-N and COD play vital rule and contributing significantly to predicting the class of WQI, followed by BOD, while the remaining three parameters (i.e. pH, DO, and TSS) exhibit a low level of importance.

Resource use efficiency of cotton in improved vs conventional planting geometry with exogenous application of bio-stimulant and synthetic growth retardant / Eficiência do uso de recursos do algodão na geometria de plantio melhorada vs convencional com aplicação exógena de bioestimulante e retardante de crescimento sintético

Abstract Plant growth regulators and improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. A field study was planned to assess the role of growth regulators in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars under different row spacing at Agronomic Research Area, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Usmania Agricultural Farm, Shujaabad during Kharif 2012. The study was comprised of cotton cultivars viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and improved ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) and foliar spray of growth regulators viz. moringa leaf extract (MLE) and mepiquat chloride (MC), either alone or in combination, distilled water as a control. The application of MLE alone and in combination (MLE + MC) showed the promoting effect on crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area duration, sympodial branches and number of bolls leading to higher seed cotton yield of both cotton cultivars grown under conventional row spacing. While application of MC averts the plant growth without considerably improving the productivity. MLE being rich source of growth promoting hormone and nutrients showed its potential to a far greater extent under conventional row spacing in efficient utilization of available resources compared to MC and distilled water.

Resumo Reguladores de crescimento de plantas e melhor densidade de plantio são técnicas inovadoras no estabelecimento de culturas mais produtivas de algodão. Um estudo de campo foi planejado com o objetivo de avaliar o papel dos reguladores de crescimento na eficiência de uso de recursos de cultivares de algodão sob diferentes espaçamentos na Área de Pesquisa Agronômica, da Universidade Multil de Bahauddin Zakariya, e na Fazenda Agrícola da Usmania, Shujabad, durante o Kharif 2012. O estudo foi composto de cultivares de algodão CIM-573 e CIM-598, cultivados em espaçamento de linhas convencional (75 cm), médio (50 cm) e superestreito (25 cm) e de pulverização foliar de reguladores de crescimento, a saber, extrato de folhas de moringa (MLE) e cloreto de mepiquat (MC), isoladamente ou em combinação, e água destilada como controle. A aplicação de MLE isoladamente e em combinação (MLE + MC) mostrou efeito promotor na taxa de crescimento da cultura, taxa de assimilação líquida, índice de área foliar, duração de área foliar, ramos simpodiais e número de cápsulas levando à maior produção de algodão nas cultivares com espaçamento de linha convencional. Em contrapartida, a aplicação de MC evitou o crescimento da planta sem melhorar consideravelmente a produtividade. O MLE, por ser uma rica fonte de hormônio promotor de crescimento e nutrientes, mostrou seu potencial em uma extensão muito maior sob o espaçamento convencional entre as linhas no uso eficiente dos recursos disponíveis em comparação com o MC e a água destilada.

Resource use efficiency of cotton in improved vs conventional planting geometry with exogenous application of bio-stimulant and synthetic growth retardant.

Plant growth regulators and improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. A field study was planned to assess the role of growth regulators in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars under different row spacing at Agronomic Research Area, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Usmania Agricultural Farm, Shujaabad during Kharif 2012. The study was comprised of cotton cultivars viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and improved ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) and foliar spray of growth regulators viz. moringa leaf extract (MLE) and mepiquat chloride (MC), either alone or in combination, distilled water as a control. The application of MLE alone and in combination (MLE + MC) showed the promoting effect on crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area duration, sympodial branches and number of bolls leading to higher seed cotton yield of both cotton cultivars grown under conventional row spacing. While application of MC averts the plant growth without considerably improving the productivity. MLE being rich source of growth promoting hormone and nutrients showed its potential to a far greater extent under conventional row spacing in efficient utilization of available resources compared to MC and distilled water.

Nilotinib-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in a Young Female with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the myeloproliferative neoplasms whose incidence peaks in older individuals and is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the myeloid cell line. It can present with symptoms related to leukocytosis or splenomegaly, and it can also be asymptomatic and found incidentally. Nilotinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of the chronic phase of CML and was found to cause diabetes mellitus among other adverse effects. These adverse effects seem to occur after a few months to a few years of drug administration. Type-two diabetes is the most common type of diabetes; its hallmark being insulin resistance with resultant hyperglycemia. Most often, it has no symptoms and is usually found as an incidental finding or on screening. Here we present a 45-year old Chinese female, who was diagnosed with CML chronic phase after an incidental finding of leukocytosis; treated with nilotinib as upfront for CML, and developed diabetes mellitus after about one and a half years of treatment, which was treated with metformin.

Error-Aware Data Clustering for In-Network Data Reduction in Wireless Sensor Networks.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) deploys hundreds or thousands of nodes that may introduce large-scale data over time. Dealing with such an amount of collected data is a real challenge for energy-constraint sensor nodes. Therefore, numerous research works have been carried out to design efficient data clustering techniques in WSNs to eliminate the amount of redundant data before transmitting them to the sink while preserving their fundamental properties. This paper develops a new error-aware data clustering (EDC) technique at the cluster-heads (CHs) for in-network data reduction. The proposed EDC consists of three adaptive modules that allow users to choose the module that suits their requirements and the quality of the data. The histogram-based data clustering (HDC) module groups temporal correlated data into clusters and eliminates correlated data from each cluster. Recursive outlier detection and smoothing (RODS) with HDC module provides error-aware data clustering, which detects random outliers using temporal correlation of data to maintain data reduction errors within a predefined threshold. Verification of RODS (V-RODS) with HDC module detects not only random outliers but also frequent outliers simultaneously based on both the temporal and spatial correlations of the data. The simulation results show that the proposed EDC is computationally cheap, able to reduce a significant amount of redundant data with minimum error, and provides efficient error-aware data clustering solutions for remote monitoring environmental applications.

Resource use efficiency of cotton in improved vs conventional planting geometry with exogenous application of bio-stimulant and synthetic growth retardant

Abstract Plant growth regulators and improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. A field study was planned to assess the role of growth regulators in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars under different row spacing at Agronomic Research Area, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Usmania Agricultural Farm, Shujaabad during Kharif 2012. The study was comprised of cotton cultivars viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and improved ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) and foliar spray of growth regulators viz. moringa leaf extract (MLE) and mepiquat chloride (MC), either alone or in combination, distilled water as a control. The application of MLE alone and in combination (MLE + MC) showed the promoting effect on crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area duration, sympodial branches and number of bolls leading to higher seed cotton yield of both cotton cultivars grown under conventional row spacing. While application of MC averts the plant growth without considerably improving the productivity. MLE being rich source of growth promoting hormone and nutrients showed its potential to a far greater extent under conventional row spacing in efficient utilization of available resources compared to MC and distilled water.

Resumo Reguladores de crescimento de plantas e melhor densidade de plantio são técnicas inovadoras no estabelecimento de culturas mais produtivas de algodão. Um estudo de campo foi planejado com o objetivo de avaliar o papel dos reguladores de crescimento na eficiência de uso de recursos de cultivares de algodão sob diferentes espaçamentos na Área de Pesquisa Agronômica, da Universidade Multil de Bahauddin Zakariya, e na Fazenda Agrícola da Usmania, Shujabad, durante o Kharif 2012. O estudo foi composto de cultivares de algodão CIM-573 e CIM-598, cultivados em espaçamento de linhas convencional (75 cm), médio (50 cm) e superestreito (25 cm) e de pulverização foliar de reguladores de crescimento, a saber, extrato de folhas de moringa (MLE) e cloreto de mepiquat (MC), isoladamente ou em combinação, e água destilada como controle. A aplicação de MLE isoladamente e em combinação (MLE + MC) mostrou efeito promotor na taxa de crescimento da cultura, taxa de assimilação líquida, índice de área foliar, duração de área foliar, ramos simpodiais e número de cápsulas levando à maior produção de algodão nas cultivares com espaçamento de linha convencional. Em contrapartida, a aplicação de MC evitou o crescimento da planta sem melhorar consideravelmente a produtividade. O MLE, por ser uma rica fonte de hormônio promotor de crescimento e nutrientes, mostrou seu potencial em uma extensão muito maior sob o espaçamento convencional entre as linhas no uso eficiente dos recursos disponíveis em comparação com o MC e a água destilada.

ID-Viewer: a visual analytics architecture for infectious diseases surveillance and response management in Pakistan.

OBJECTIVES: Globally, disease surveillance systems are playing a significant role in outbreak detection and response management of Infectious Diseases (IDs). However, in developing countries like Pakistan, epidemic outbreaks are difficult to detect due to scarcity of public health data and absence of automated surveillance systems. Our research is intended to formulate an integrated service-oriented visual analytics architecture for ID surveillance, identify key constituents and set up a baseline for easy reproducibility of such systems in the future. STUDY DESIGN: This research focuses on development of ID-Viewer, which is a visual analytics decision support system for ID surveillance. It is a blend of intelligent approaches to make use of real-time streaming data from Emergency Departments (EDs) for early outbreak detection, health care resource allocation and epidemic response management. METHODS: We have developed a robust service-oriented visual analytics architecture for ID surveillance, which provides automated mechanisms for ID data acquisition, outbreak detection and epidemic response management. Classification of chief-complaints is accomplished using dynamic classification module, which employs neural networks and fuzzy-logic to categorize syndromes. Standard routines by Center for Disease Control (CDC), i.e. c1-c3 (c1-mild, c2-medium and c3-ultra), and spatial scan statistics are employed for detection of temporal and spatio-temporal disease outbreaks respectively. Prediction of imminent disease threats is accomplished using support vector regression for early warnings and response planning. Geographical visual analytics displays are developed that allow interactive visualization of syndromic clusters, monitoring disease spread patterns, and identification of spatio-temporal risk zones. RESULTS: We analysed performance of surveillance framework using ID data for year 2011-2015. Dynamic syndromic classifier is able to classify chief-complaints to appropriate syndromes with high classification accuracy. Outbreak detection methods are able to detect the ID outbreaks in start of epidemic time zones. Prediction model is able to forecast dengue trend for 20 weeks ahead with nominal normalized root mean square error of 0.29. Interactive geo-spatiotemporal displays, i.e. heat-maps, and choropleth are shown in respective sections. CONCLUSION: The proposed framework will set a standard and provide necessary details for future implementation of such a system for resource-constrained regions. It will improve early outbreak detection attributable to natural and man-made biological threats, monitor spatio-temporal epidemic trends and provide assurance that an outbreak has, or has not occurred. Advanced analytics features will be beneficial in timely organization/formulation of health management policies, disease control activities and efficient health care resource allocation.

Peak expiratory flow rate of normal school going children in Mymensingh municipality.

This cross sectional study was conducted to measure the PEFR values of normal school going children of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Peak expiatory flow rate (PEFR) is a lung function test which is easily measurable and reproducible but the base line values of PEFR have not been studied in large scale among Bangladeshi children. In Mymensingh municipality out of 79 schools 4 schools were selected purposively. A total of 984 (499 boys and 485 girls, nearly equal in ratio) normal children (6-15 years), were selected randomly by using lottery technic in classroom. To obtain peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) mini Wright peak flow meter was used. The highest of three readings was taken as the correct value. Anthropometric parameters including body weight and height were recorded by bathroom scale and stadiometer respectively and body surface area was calculated. According to age interval (10 months) in boys and girls the mean difference of PEFR values showed that among age categories of 6, 7 & 8 years had no significant (p were <0.18, <0.73 and <0.70 accordingly) and all other age categories the mean difference of PEFR between boys and girls had significant (p<0.01). The correlation coefficient (r values) and the level of significance between different anthropometric parameters and PEFR in case of boys and girls were significant (p<0.001). Correlation of height (boys r=0.961 & girls r=0.954) with PEFR was the highest in comparison to other anthropometric parameters (age, sex and body weight). Boys had significantly higher values of PEFR than the girls at any height.

Patient satisfaction following endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a quality of life study.

PURPOSE: To assess the subjective success and quality of life of adult patients post endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR) for acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. DESIGN: Retrospective, questionnaire study performed at least 6 months post EE-DCR. PARTICIPANTS: Hundred and ten of the 282 consecutive patients who underwent EE-DCR. METHODS: A standardised questionnaire (Glasgow Benefit Inventory, GBI) was used to analyse the quality of life. The questionnaire examines four parameters, providing total, subscale, social, and physical scores. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We aimed to assess patient experience following EE-DCR surgery. Total GBI scores range from -100 to +100, the former reflecting maximal negative benefit and corresponding to subjective worsening of tearing and impact on quality of life. Any positive score reflects a satisfactory surgical outcome and +100 represents maximal positive benefit. A score of zero is no perceived benefit. RESULTS: The average age was 62 years, 63% were female. In three of the parameters measured, there was a subjective improvement post surgery: subscale score 22.16 (95% CI: 15.23-29.09), total score 15.04 (95% CI: 9.74-20.35), and social support score 4.67 (95% CI: 0.93-8.42). Physical health scored -4.47 (95% CI: -10.25 to 1.32). Secondary analyses demonstrate no statistical significance with respect to outcome whether a trainee or consultant performed the procedure. Younger patients (under split median of 63.5) had a better total score 19.04 (95% CI: 11.35-27.74) than those older than 63.5 years (11.04, 95% CI: 3.61-18.47). DISCUSSION: This study shows that EE-DCR gave patients improvement in quality of life, proven by a validated questionnaire. The mean total score of 15.04 found in our study compares with the 18.7 recorded by Feretis et al in 2009. Results were irrespective of the grade of surgeon, similar to the findings of Fayers et al for functional successes. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of EE-DCR for the improvement of quality of life in adult patients.

Amino acid composition, antinutrients and allergens in the peanut protein fraction obtained by an aqueous enzymatic process.

Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction (EAE) of peanut kernel was used to extract oil and protein. The aqueous fraction (AF) obtained by EAE had a better essential amino acid profile than the residues obtained by solvent extraction (Rs) and cold pressing (Rc). No major difference in the trypsin inhibitor activity among AF, Rs and Rc was observed; however, the trypsin inhibitor activity was drastically reduced in the residue obtained after EAE. AF was subjected to MALDI-TOF/MS, revealing it to be rich in peptides (107) with molecular masses from m/z 700 to 2369Da. AF had an extremely low phytate content and was rich in peptides, which could be used as a food supplement. ESI-MS/MS data were used for the identification of major peanut allergens, viz., Ara h1, h3, h6-8. Their allergenic potential needs to be established.

Concurrent massive breast enlargement, myasthenia gravis and dermopathy as manifestations of penicillamine toxicity in a Wilson's disease patient.

Penicillamine toxicity in Wilson's disease has been well reported but rarely seen now as newer agents are being used. We present a case who developed multiple rare complications of Penicillamine concurrently. Our patient is one of three siblings on Penicillamine, she was the only one who developed massive breast enlargement four months after commencing Penicillamine therapy, as well as dermatological adverse reactions and myasthenia gravis three more months later. All the adverse effects improved soon after substitution of the offending agent with Trientine.

Feeding practices and nutritional status of children under two years of age.

A descriptive cross sectional study was done in the department of Pediatrics Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. The purpose of the study was to assess breast feeding pattern, complementary feeding pattern, types of complementary foods and also to assess the nutritional status and to detect any relationship with the nutritional status and the feeding practices. Mothers with their children aged less than 2 years were included and very sick children, mother less children, handicapped children were excluded. Four hundred (400) consecutive children were enrolled from eight upazillas of Mymensingh district who were selected randomly. Out of 400 children, 214 children (53.5%) were male and 186 children (47.5%) were female and M:F was 1.2:1. Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 41.5%. Pre-lacteal feeding rate were 30.7% and most common pre-lacteal foods were honey and sugar water. Colostrum was given in 69.3% children. Breast feeding continued at the time of interview was 58.1%. Complementary feeding started in time in 35.8%, early weaning in 44.5% children. Type of complementary food was mainly luta (rice powder mixed with boiled water and sugar only) in 38.8% and khichuri (rice, pulses, soybean oil) in 19.5%. Bottle feeding rate was 31.30%. Around 43% children were underweight and 10.25% children were severely underweight and common in between 12 to 23 months of age group. Around 29% children were stunted among 11.25% were severely stunted. About 13.5% children were wasted and among them 2.5% were severely wasted. Stunting prevalent over the age of 9 months and wasting started after 6 months of age. Malnutrition was common in partially breast fed and early weaning with carbohydrate rich food.