Prevalencia de partos en la adolescencia y factores asociados en el Hospital Universitario de Santander, Bucaramanga (Colombia) 2006: estudio de corte transversal / A cross-sectional study of childbirth prevalence in adolescents and associated factors in the Santander Teaching Hospital, Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2006

Introducción: el embarazo en la adolescencia es la gestación que ocurre entre los 10 y los 19 años de edad. En nuestro medio se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, evidenciándose en este estudio un aumento de la prevalencia hasta superar las cifras locales y nacionales. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de partos y los factores asociados en madres adolescentes que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario de Santander (HUS) durante el año 2006-2007. Metodología: estudio de corte transversal de 273 mujeres seleccionadas de forma aleatoria sistemática que presentaron parto vaginal o por cesárea, en el HUS desde julio de 2006 hasta julio de 2007. Se aplicó una encuesta, donde se incluyeron variables de interés, (sociodemográficas, familiares, psicológicas); se completó la información con la historia clínica y se analizaron en el programa Epi Info® 2000 y Stata® 8.0. Resultados: la prevalencia de partos fue de 31,14% (IC95% 25,8-37,0) en pacientes menores de 20 años. Los factores protectores fueron: tener preocupación por el futuro (OR = 0,5), inicio tardío de relaciones sexuales (OR = 0,51) y no recibir educación sexual por parte de los padres (OR = 0,3). Los factores de riesgo fueron: no planear el embarazo (OR = 2,35) y no planificar (OR = 2,35). Conclusiones: la prevalencia encontrada es muy superior a la hallada en otros estudios locales, nacionales e internacionales.

Objective: adolescent pregnancy refers to gestation occurring between age 10 and 19; this has become a public health problem in Colombia. This study sought to determine the prevalence of births in teenagers admitted to the Santander Teaching Hospital (STH) over a year-long period (2006 and 2007) and the factors associated with the likelihood of teenage pregnancy for this region. Methodology: this was a cross-sectional study of 273 systematically and randomly selected females who underwent vaginal and caesarean births in the STH between July 2006 and July 2007. A survey was applied which included variables of interest (sociodemographic, family, psychological); the information was completed with the females’ clinical history and Epi InfoTM 2000 and StataTM 8.0 were used for analysing the data. Results: there was 31.14% (25.8-37.0 95%CI) prevalence for deliveries in patients aged less than 19. Factors disposing against teenage pregnancy included: being worried about the future (OR = 0.5), late onset of sexual activity (OR = 0.51) and not having received sexual education from parents (OR = 0.3). Risk factors were unplanned pregnancy (OR = 2.35) and not using contraceptive methods (OR = 2.35). Conclusions: the findings revealed a prevalence which was far higher than that found in similar local, national and international studies.

Influencia de la lactancia materna y la alimentación en el desarrollo de alergias en los / Influence of breastfeeding and diet in the development of allergies in children

ObjetivoEvaluar la relación entre la lactancia materna (LM) y el desarrollo de enfermedades alérgicas (EA).DiseñoEstudio de casos y controles.EmplazamientoHospital Universitario de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, América del Sur. Nivel II de atención.ParticipantesMil cuatrocientos sesenta niños entre 3 y 7 años asistentes a la consulta externa. Las mediciones principales fueron la proporción de LM y LM exclusiva (LME), la asociación entre la presencia de enfermedades alérgicas y la LM y la LME ajustando, mediante regresión logística, la confusión dada por otras exposiciones.ResultadosDe 1.460 pacientes, recibieron LME el 41,6% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 39,0 a 44,2), mientras que al 44,4% (IC del 95%: 41,9 a 47,0) se les suministró LM no exclusiva. Entre quienes presentaron alergia, el 34,8% (IC del 95%: 32,4 a 37,3) refería rinitis, el 27,8% (IC del 95%: 25,6 a 30,2) refería asma y el 11,6% (IC del 95%: 10,0 a 13,4) refería dermatitis atópica; el 7,0% (IC del 95%: 5,1 a 9,3) presentaba las 3 condiciones. El lactar de manera exclusiva por 3 o más meses es factor protector para las EA (odds ratio [OR] de 0,70; IC del 95%: 0,48 a 1,03). El lactar menos de 3 meses, independientemente de si es de manera exclusiva o no, es factor de riesgo para las EA (OR de 2,05; IC del 95%: 1,47 a 2,86).ConclusionesLa recomendación de lactar exclusivamente el mayor tiempo posible sigue siendo válida al encontrarse un significativo impacto preventivo del tiempo de duración de la LM en el desarrollo de las EA. Es necesario realizar estudios prospectivos que incluyan pruebas de función pulmonar y análisis inmunológicos para confirmar estos hallazgos(AU)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding and the development of allergic diseases (AD).DesignA cases-controls study.SettingSantander University Hospital, Bucaramanga, Colombia, South America. Level II health care.ParticipantsA total of 1460 boys and girls between 3 and 7 years old attending an outpatient clinic.Main measurementsPartial (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF); relationship between the presence of allergic diseases and BF and EBF, adjusting for the confounding factors due to other exposures using logistic regression.ResultsOut of a total of 1460 patients, 41.6% (95%CI 39.0–44.2) received EBF, while 44.4% (95%CI 41.9–47.0) were partially breastfed. Among those who had an allergy, 34.8% (95%CI 32.4–37.3) had rhinitis, 27.8% (95%CI 25.6–30.2) asthma and 11.6% (95%CI 10.0–13.4) atopic dermatitis; 7.0% (95%CI 5.1–9.3) had the three conditions. To breastfeed exclusively for ≥3 months is a protective factor for AD (OR 0.70, 95%CI 0.48–1.03). Breastfeeding for 3 months, regardless of whether or not it is exclusive, is a risk factor for AD (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.47–2.86).ConclusionsThe recommendation to exclusively breastfeed for as long as possible continues to be valid, as there was a significant preventive impact on the development of AD with the length of time breastfed. Prospective studies including lung function tests and immunological analyses need to be performed to confirm these findings(AU)

[Influence of breastfeeding and diet in the development of allergies in children]. / Influencia de la lactancia materna y la alimentación en el desarrollo de alergias en los niños.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding and the development of allergic diseases (AD). DESIGN: A cases-controls study. SETTING: Santander University Hospital, Bucaramanga, Colombia, South America. Level II health care. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1460 boys and girls between 3 and 7 years old attending an outpatient clinic. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Partial (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF); relationship between the presence of allergic diseases and BF and EBF, adjusting for the confounding factors due to other exposures using logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of a total of 1460 patients, 41.6% (95%CI 39.0-44.2) received EBF, while 44.4% (95%CI 41.9-47.0) were partially breastfed. Among those who had an allergy, 34.8% (95%CI 32.4-37.3) had rhinitis, 27.8% (95%CI 25.6-30.2) asthma and 11.6% (95%CI 10.0-13.4) atopic dermatitis; 7.0% (95%CI 5.1-9.3) had the three conditions. To breastfeed exclusively for >or= 3 months is a protective factor for AD (OR 0.70, 95%CI 0.48-1.03). Breastfeeding for 3 months, regardless of whether or not it is exclusive, is a risk factor for AD (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.47-2.86). CONCLUSIONS: The recommendation to exclusively breastfeed for as long as possible continues to be valid, as there was a significant preventive impact on the development of AD with the length of time breastfed. Prospective studies including lung function tests and immunological analyses need to be performed to confirm these findings.