Nursing students' readiness towards the 'new normal' in clinical practice: a distributed cognition qualitative perspective.

BACKGROUND: Clinical practicums are a core component of baccalaureate nursing education. Following the coronavirus pandemic, there have been extensive changes in the workforce environment that may potentially affect nursing students' experience and readiness for clinical practicums. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted to explore final-year nursing students' experiences and readiness for their final clinical practicum before becoming a registered nurse. A purposive sample of 24 final-year baccalaureate nursing students was included in this study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face via Zoom. The data was analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: Three themes depicting students' experiences and clinical readiness were elucidated. The themes included: (1) Experiencing multiple concerns, (2) requiring a network of support, and (3) easing the transition to professional practice. Students considered the final clinical practicum as challenging and demanding which evoked numerous concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the stress that final-year nursing students experience, it will be important to devise strategies ranging from personal, relational, and environmental protective factors to enable their successful transition and completion of clinical practice.

Trait emotional intelligence as a predictor of resilience among undergraduate nursing students: A structural equation modelling approach.

BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in understanding the role of trait emotional intelligence and resilience. However, few studies have examined the relationships between the various factors of trait emotional intelligence and resilience. OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors of trait emotional intelligence and resilience using a structure equation modelling approach. DESIGN: A quantitative exploratory design using structural equation modelling approach. SETTING: One university in Singapore. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 300 undergraduate nursing students were included in this study. METHOD: A quantitative exploratory study using the structural equation modelling technique was conducted. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Brief Resilience Scale were used to examine the relationships between trait emotional intelligence and resilience. The data analyses were conducted using SPSS and AMOS software. RESULTS: The structural equation model found relationships between the various factors of trait emotional intelligence. There were associations between self-control, sociability, and emotionality scores with well-being scores. In addition, there is a relationship between emotionality and well-being scores on resilience scores. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study illustrate the complex relationships between the various factors of trait emotional intelligence, and specifically how these factors are related to each other and resilience. The findings of this study propose that emotional intelligence are associated with one's resilience. For this reason, these findings will be important in the development of future resilience programs.

Technology-delivered personalized nutrition intervention on dietary outcomes among adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has continued to increase globally, and one-size-fits-all dietary recommendations may not be suitable for different individual characteristics. A personalized nutrition intervention may be a potential solution. This review aims to evaluate the effects of the technology-delivered personalized nutrition intervention on energy, fat, vegetable, and fruit intakes among adults with overweight and obesity. A three-step comprehensive search strategy was performed from 10 databases and seven clinical registries in published and unpublished trials. A total of 46 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 19,670 adults with overweight and obesity from 14 countries are included. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Meta-analyses showed a reduction of energy intake (-128.05, 95% CI: -197.08, -59.01) and fat intake (-1.81% energy/days, 95% CI: -3.38, -0.24, and -0.19 scores, 95% CI: -0.40, 0.02) in the intervention compared with the comparator. Significant improvements in vegetable and fruit intakes with 0.12-0.15 servings/day were observed in the intervention. Combined one- and two-way interactions had a greater effect on energy intake reduction compared with their counterparts. Meta-regression analyses revealed that no significant covariates were found. Given that the certainty of the evidence was rated as low or very low, further well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up are warranted.

Unpacking the Experiences of Health Care Professionals About the Web-Based Building Resilience At Work Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Framework Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a greater workload in the health care system. Therefore, health care professionals (HCPs) continue to experience high levels of stress, resulting in mental health disorders. From a preventive perspective, building resilience has been associated with reduced stress and mental health disorders and promotes HCPs' intent to stay. Despite the benefits of resilience training, few studies provided an in-depth understanding of the contextual factors, implementation, and mechanisms of impact that influences the sustainability of resilience programs. Therefore, examining target users' experiences of the resilience program is important. This will provide meaningful information to refine and improve future resilience programs. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study aims to explore HCPs' experiences of participating in the web-based Building Resilience At Work (BRAW) program. In particular, this study aims to explore the contextual and implementational factors that would influence participants' interaction and outcome from the program. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative approach using individual semistructured Zoom interviews was conducted with participants of the web-based resilience program. A framework analysis was conducted, and it is guided by the process evaluation framework. RESULTS: A total of 33 HCPs participated in this qualitative study. Three themes depicting participants' experiences, interactions, and impacts from the BRAW program were elucidated from the framework analysis: learning from web-based tools, interacting with the BRAW program, and promoting participants' workforce readiness. CONCLUSIONS: Findings show that a web-based asynchronous and self-paced resilience program is an acceptable and feasible approach for HCPs. The program also led to encouraging findings on participants' resilience, intent to stay, and employability. However, continued refinements in the components of the web-based resilience program should be carried out to ensure the sustainability of this intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05130879; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05130879.

Effectiveness of near-infrared light devices for peripheral intravenous cannulation in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of near-infrared light devices (NIR) on procedure time of successful cannulation, success rate at the first attempt, and pain scores among pediatric patients and explore potential covariates on the intervention effect. BACKGROUND: Pediatric patients have encountered a high failure rate as compared with adult patients using traditional cannulation. NIR devices might help to access veins with an optimum viewing area and eliminate the number of attempts. However, methodological limitations and inconsistent results from previous reviews were found. METHODS: A three-step comprehensive search was performed in nine databases. Meta-analysis, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Individual quality assessment and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development, and Evaluation criteria, respectively. RESULTS: We included 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 5298 children and adolescents across nine countries. NIR light devices significantly reduce -29.43 s of procedure time and -0.47 attempts of peripheral intravenous cannulation compared with traditional methods. Subgroup analysis observed a significantly large effect size on procedure time using AccuVein with pre-procedure training at the clinics. However, NIR light devices do not significantly decrease the procedure time, first attempt success rate, and pain scores. Meta-regression identified sample size as a significant covariate that had an impact on the success rate at the first attempt. CONCLUSIONS: The near-infrared light device can statistically significantly reduce the procedure time and the number of attempts. Given the low or very low certainty of the evidence, future well-designed RCTs are necessary.

Evaluating the online Resilience Skills Enhancement programme among undergraduate students: A double-blind parallel randomized controlled trial.

Resilience training has beneficial effects on the ability of undergraduate students to withstand adversity and stress. However, there are inconsistencies in the content and delivery approaches for resilience training. Given the increasing shifts towards computer-assisted instruction, there is a need to develop and evaluate innovative approaches for resilience training. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of two versions of the Resilience Skills Enhancement (RISE) programme. A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate the effects of blended learning (BL) and a self-guided RISE programme on the resilience, social support, and learning outcomes of undergraduate students. One hundred and fourteen students were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either BL or the self-guided RISE programme. The within-group analyses indicated significant improvements in resilience scores for the BL (F = 37.74, p < 0.001) and self-guided groups (F = 10.16, p < 0.001) with moderate (d = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.25, 1.00) to large effect sizes (d = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.50) respectively. There were also significant differences across the three time points for social support scores for the BL (F = 4.50, p < 0.05) and self-guided groups (F = 4.59, p < 0.05). Students in the BL group had considerable improvements in self-efficacy of learning and performance (F = 5.42, p < 0.01) and meta-cognitive self-regulation scores (F = 5.91, p < 0.01). In the between-group analyses, both BL and self-guided RISE were comparable for resilience, social support, and learning scores (p > 0.05). The study provided preliminary evidence that both modes, BL and self-guided RISE programme lead to positive effects on the resilience, social support, and learning scores of students.

Immediate, Short-term, Medium-term, and Long-term effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is increasingly being studied as a treatment for smoking cessation. However, its immediate, short-, and long-term effects have rarely been reviewed. METHODS: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of immediate, short-, medium-, and long-term smoking cessation rates in ACT and comparators at less than 3-month, 3 to 4-month, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in eight databases until April 20, 2023. We assessed the quality of RCTs and the certainty of evidence of outcomes. RESULTS: Nineteen RCTs involving 7885 smokers across six countries were included. The majority (72.81%) of RCTs were graded as low risk across six domains. For complete-case outcomes, meta-analyses were conducted, and the results revealed a significant effect in favor of ACT [risk ratio: 1.70-1.80 at <3-month, 3 to 4-month, and 6 months follow-up] compared with comparators. For outcomes using missing data management, meta-analyses found an overall effect in favor of ACT, but a significant effect was found at 3 to 4-months only. However, 12-month follow-ups revealed no significant reduction in smoking cessation for both outcomes. Moderate and substantial heterogeneities were found among four meta-analyses that may lead to inaccurate estimates of effects. The certainty of evidence of all outcomes was rated as low and very low. CONCLUSION: ACT may be an effective intervention for smoking cessation with immediate, short-term, and medium-term effects. Caution must be applied in the interpretation of the results due to the limited trials and low certainty of evidence. IMPLICATION: ACT can be implemented adjuvant to the usual treatment for smoking cessation. Additional RCTs with follow-up data using biochemically verified measures in non-US countries are warranted.

A hybrid systematic narrative review of instruments measuring home-based care nurses' competency.

AIM: The aim of the study was to identify and synthesize the contents and the psychometric properties of the existing instruments measuring home-based care (HBC) nurses' competencies. DESIGN: A hybrid systematic narrative review was performed. REVIEW METHODS: The eligible studies were reviewed to identify the competencies measured by the instruments for HBC nurses. The psychometric properties of instruments in development and psychometric testing design studies were also examined. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and COSMIN checklist accordingly. DATA SOURCES: Relevant studies were searched on CINAHL, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, PsychINFO and Scopus from 2000 to 2022. The search was limited to full-text items in the English language. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies reporting 24 instruments were included. 12 instruments were adopted or modified by the studies while the other 12 were developed and psychometrically tested by the studies. None of the instruments encompassed all of the 10 home-based nursing care competencies identified in an earlier study. The two most frequently measured competencies were the management of health conditions, and critical thinking and problem-solving skills, while the two least measured competencies were quality and safety, and technological literacy. The content and structural validity of most instruments were inadequate since the adopted instruments were not initially designed or tested among HBC nurses. CONCLUSION: This review provides a consolidation of existing instruments that were used to assess HBC nurses' competencies. The instruments were generally not comprehensive, and the content and structural validity were limited. Nonetheless, the domains, items and approaches to instrument development could be adopted to develop and test a comprehensive competency instrument for home-based nursing care practice in the future. IMPACT: This review consolidated instruments used to measure home-based care nurses' competency. The instruments were often designed for ward-based care nurses hence a comprehensive and validated home-based nursing care competency instrument is needed. Nurses, researchers and nursing leaders could consider the competency instruments identified in this review to measure nurses' competencies, while a home-based nursing care competency scale is being developed. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution was required in this review.

Types, functions and mechanisms of robot-assisted intervention for fall prevention: A systematic scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Any individual may experience accidental falls, particularly older adults. Although robots can prevent falls, knowledge of their fall-preventive use is limited. OBJECTIVE: To explore the types, functions, and mechanisms of robot-assisted intervention for fall prevention. METHODS: A systematic scoping review of global literature published from inception to January 2022 was conducted according to Arksey and O'Malley's five-step framework. Nine electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, IEEE Xplore, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ProQuest, were searched. RESULTS: Seventy-one articles were found with developmental (n = 63), pilot (n = 4), survey (n = 3), and proof-of-concept (n = 1) designs across 14 countries. Six types of robot-assisted intervention were found, namely cane robots, walkers, wearables, prosthetics, exoskeletons, rollators, and other miscellaneous. Five main functions were observed including (i) detection of user fall, (ii) estimation of user state, (iii) estimation of user motion, (iv) estimation of user intentional direction, and (v) detection of user balance loss. Two categories of mechanisms of robots were found. The first category was executing initiation of incipient fall prevention such as modeling, measurement of user-robot distance, estimation of center of gravity, estimation and detection of user state, estimation of user intentional direction, and measurement of angle. The second category was achieving actualization of incipient fall prevention such as adjust optimal posture, automated braking, physical support, provision of assistive force, reposition, and control of bending angle. CONCLUSIONS: Existing literature regarding robot-assisted intervention for fall prevention is in its infancy. Therefore, future research is required to assess its feasibility and effectiveness.

Global prevalence of sleep disturbances among breast cancer survivors: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Breast cancer is a common cancer in which patients are highly susceptible to different sleep disturbances. However, current evidence lacked consistency in methodologies in investigating the prevalence of sleep disturbances among breast cancer survivors. The review aims to (1) investigate the global prevalence of sleep disturbances among breast cancer survivors; and (2) investigate the factors influencing the prevalence estimates. A comprehensive search was conducted in 8 databases using a 3-step approach, up to January 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to evaluate the quality of individual studies. Meta-analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup analysis were performed using R software. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations criteria. A total of 51 studies were selected involving 28,036 breast cancer survivors across 17 countries. The global prevalence of poor sleep quality was 62%, different severities of insomnia were 3%-32%, and excessive daytime sleepiness was 24%. Subgroup analyses showed that a significantly higher prevalence of poor sleep quality was found in breast cancer survivors during treatment compared with pre- or post-treatment. No significant covariates were found in a series of meta-regression analyses. The majority (73.5%) of individual studies were high quality but the certainty of the evidence was low or very low according to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations criteria. More than half of breast cancer survivors have sleep disturbances, so developing a strategic intervention is warranted. Given the low or very low certainty of the evidence, a robust design for large-scale research is crucial in the future.

Use of artificial intelligence techniques for detection of mild cognitive impairment: A systematic scoping review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this scoping review is to explore the types and mechanisms of Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI). BACKGROUND: Early detection of MCI is crucial because it may progress to Alzheimer's disease. DESIGN: A systematic scoping review. METHODS: Five-step framework of Arksey and O'Malley was used following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. A total of 11 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Explore, Science.gov, ACM digital library, arXIV and ProQuest) was used to search from inception till 17th December 2021. Grey literature and reference list were searched. Articles screening and data charting were conducted by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: There were a total of 70 articles included from 2011 to 2022 across 16 countries. Four types of AI techniques were found, namely machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), fuzzy logic (FL) and technique combinations. Herein, ML detects similar pattern within preselected data to classify subjects into non-MCI or MCI groups. Meanwhile, DL performs classification based on data patterns and data analyses are performed by themselves. Furthermore, FL utilises human-defined rules to decide the degree to which a person has MCI. A combination of AI techniques enhances the feature preparation phase for ML or DL to perform accurate classification. CONCLUSION: Although AI-based MCI detection tool is critical for healthcare decision-making, clinical utility and risks remain underexplored. Hopefully, this review equips clinicians with background AI knowledge to address these clinical concerns. Hence, future research should explore more techniques and representative datasets to improve AI development. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Results of this review can increase the knowledge of AI-based MCI detection tools. REVIEW REGISTRATION: This study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework Registries (https://osf.io/45rdt).

Social media-based interventions for adults with obesity and overweight: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Social isolation and loneliness are growing public health concerns in adults with obesity and overweight. Social media-based interventions may be a promising approach. This systematic review aims to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of social media-based interventions on weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat, energy intake and physical activity among adults with obesity and overweight and (2) explore potential covariates on treatment effect. Eight databases, namely, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus PsycINFO and ProQuest, were searched from inception until December 31, 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria evaluated the evidence quality. Twenty-eight randomised controlled trials were identified. Meta-analyses found that social media-based interventions had small-to-medium significant effects on weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass and daily steps. Subgroup analysis found greater effect in interventions without published protocol or not registered in trial registries than their counterparts. Meta-regression analysis showed that duration of intervention was a significant covariate. The certainty of evidence quality of all outcomes was very low or low. Social media-based interventions can be considered an adjunct intervention for weight management. Future trials with large sample sizes and follow-up assessment are needed.

Wearable-Technology-Assisted Interventions for Breast-Cancer Survivors: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

OBJECTIVES: This review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression aimed to (1) evaluate the effect of wearable-technology-assisted interventions on the physical activity and weight of breast cancer survivors, (2) identify the essential features of wearable-technology-assisted interventions, and (3) explore the covariates of the treatment effect. DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trials were obtained from 10 databases and trial registries from inception until December 21, 2021. Trials that examined the effects of wearable-technology-assisted interventions for individuals with breast cancer were included. The mean and standard deviation scores were used to compute the effect sizes. CONCLUSION: The meta-analyses revealed significantly improved in moderate-to-vigorous activity, total physical activity, and weight control. The findings from this review suggest that wearable-technology-assisted interventions may be a potential solution to improve physical activity and weight in breast cancer survivors. Future studies should include high-quality trials with large sample sizes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Wearable technology has promising effects on physical activity and could be incorporated into routine care for breast cancer survivors.

Effects of digital health interventions on the psychological outcomes of perinatal women: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

ABSTRACTEvidence about the effects of digital health interventions (DHIs) on the psychological outcomes of perinatal women is increasing but remains inconsistent. An umbrella review was conducted to (1) assess the effect of DHIs on depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms and (2) compare the effects of DHIs on different digital platforms and population natures. Ten databases were searched from inception until December 23, 2022. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random-effects meta-analyses were utilised. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2). Twenty-four systematic reviews with 41 meta-analyses involving 45,509 perinatal women from 264 primary studies were included. The credibility of the evidence of meta-analyses was rated as highly suggestive (4.88%), suggestive (26.83%), weak (51.22%) or non-significant (17.07%) according to AMSTAR-2. Our findings suggest that DHIs are beneficial for reducing stress symptoms. However, conflicting effects were found on anxiety symptoms. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses suggested that DHIs effectively improve depressive symptoms in postnatal women, and DHIs using the website platform are highly effective in stress reduction. DHIs can be implemented adjuvant to usual obstetric care to improve depressive and stress symptoms. Additional well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up are warranted.

Overground Robotic Exoskeleton Training for Patients With Stroke on Walking-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of solely overground robotic exoskeleton (RE) training or overground RE training with conventional rehabilitation in improving walking ability, speed, and endurance among patients with stroke. DATA SOURCES: Nine databases, 5 trial registries, gray literature, specified journals, and reference lists from inception until December 27, 2021. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials adopting overground robotic exoskeleton training for patients with any phases of stroke on walking-related outcomes were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers extracted items and performed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 1 and certainty of evidence using the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty trials involving 758 participants across 11 countries were included in this review. The overall effect of overground robotic exoskeletons on walking ability at postintervention (d=0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01, 0.42; Z=2.02; P=.04) and follow-up (d=0.37; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.71; Z=2.12; P=.03) and walking speed at postintervention (d=0.23; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.46; Z=2.01; P=.04) showed significant improvement compared with conventional rehabilitation. Subgroup analyses suggested that RE training should combine with conventional rehabilitation. A preferable gait training regime is <4 times per week over ≥6 weeks for ≤30 minutes per session among patients with chronic stroke and ambulatory status of independent walkers before training. Meta-regression did not identify any effect of the covariates on the treatment effect. The majority of randomized controlled trials had small sample sizes, and the certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSION: Overground RE training may have a beneficial effect on walking ability and walking speed to complement conventional rehabilitation. Further large-scale and long-term, high-quality trials are recommended to enhance the quality of overground RE training and confirm its sustainability.

Home-based nursing care competencies: A scoping review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify and consolidate the available evidence about nursing-related competencies for home-based care. BACKGROUND: Over recent years, the demand for home-based nursing care has increased because of the need to meet the increasing need for chronic disease care to be delivered in patients' homes. However, knowledge is lacking about the expected competencies for home-based care nurses. DESIGN: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's six-step scoping review framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review identified literature using five electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus) and a hand search for grey literature in relevant home-based care journals and online searches. Key search terms and inclusion and exclusion criteria were used as strategies to identify relevant articles. RESULTS: Sixty-four articles were eligible for inclusion. Mapping and narrative synthesis of 116 elements related to home-based nursing care competencies identified the following 10 competencies: (1) care assessments; (2) performance of nursing procedures; (3) management of health conditions; (4) critical thinking and problem-solving skills; (5) interpersonal relationships and communication; (6) interdisciplinary collaboration; (7) leadership and resource management; (8) professional development; (9) technological literacy; (10) quality and safety. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This review provides insight into current knowledge about home-based nursing care competencies. These competencies could be used to evaluate nurses' competence level for home-based care or for development of appropriate professional education. The review also outlines the scope of nursing practice in home-based care, which provides support for some form of standardisation of home-based nursing care expectations across various stakeholders.

Global Prevalence and Factors Related to Intimate Partner Violence Amongst People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.

Reviews of intimate partner violence (IPV) have primarily focused on women and same-sex relationships, but little is known about the global epidemiology of IPV among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This review employed meta-analytic approaches to determine the worldwide prevalence and factors related to different forms of IPV among PLWHA. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane review, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, and registers, were systematically reviewed until November 5, 2021. The meta-analysis was conducted using the metafor package in R software. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 1 were used to assess the study quality and risk of bias, respectively. A total of 49 published articles and 42,280 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Over their lifetime, four in ten PLWHA have experienced some type of IPV. Over a quarter have experienced physical, emotional, or psychological IPV. One in five PLWHA experienced at least one form of IPV during the recall period of last year, with emotional IPV being the most prevalent. Rates of physical and any types of IPV differed substantially between IPV measurements. IPV rates also varied significantly by the study design, with physical (29%) and sexual (18%) IPV rates being more prevalent in cross-sectional studies. Public health measures are critical for preventing and combating IPV among PLWHA. Additional cross-national research using robust sampling methods is required to obtain more representative samples and thus a more reliable prevalence estimate of IPV prevalence.

Exploring experiences and needs of perinatal women in digital healthcare: A meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to identify, appraise, and synthesize the available qualitative evidence on the experiences and needs of perinatal women by using digital technologies in healthcare. METHODS: This review was consolidated following the eMERGe meta-ethnography reporting guidance. We conducted a comprehensive search in eight databases from inception to 12 October 2021. Published and unpublished qualitative and mixed-method studies published in English were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal skill program checklist. A meta-ethnographic synthesis was used according to Noblit and Hare's seven-step iterative process. RESULTS: A total of 3,843 articles were retrieved, and 27 qualitative studies pertaining to 3,775 perinatal women from 13 countries across different ethnicities were included. Four overarching themes emerged for the aspect of experiences: (1) normalization of experience, (2) attainment of valuable knowledge, (3) empowerment and self-confidence boosting, and (4) beneficial features of digital platforms. For the aspect of needs, the derived themes included the following: (1) necessity of credible resources, (2) importance of personalization, (3) concern about cybersecurity, and (4) urging additional support. Our line-of-argument for interpreting the perinatal women's experiences can offer a much greater engagement in digital healthcare, while the findings on the perinatal women's needs can add value for improving the design of digital healthcare in the future. CONCLUSION: This review offers a deeper understanding of the perinatal women's experiences and needs when using digital technologies in healthcare. Our findings provide meaningful recommendations for clinical practice and future research.

Novel Spinal Cord Stimulation Waveforms for Treating Back and Leg Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been suggested as a treatment option to improve the quality-adjusted life years of individuals with low back pain. However, previous reviews have some methodologic limitations. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of novel SCS waveforms on pain outcomes in patients with low back pain (LBP) compared with traditional SCS or placebo comparator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine electronic data bases, ongoing trials, gray literature, and targeted journals were searched from inception to December 27, 2021. The Cochrane risk of bias and Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations were used to appraise individual and overall evidence. Subjects aged ≥ 18 years with or without previous surgeries and having LBP for at least three months were included. The primary outcome was pain intensity including back or leg pain scores at postintervention. Secondary outcomes comprised decrease in back, leg, and overall pain, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 955 participants across four countries were included. Our meta-analysis revealed that novel SCS waveform was superior to traditional SCS or placebo comparator for treating leg pain (Z = -2.12, p = 0.03) with a small effect size (Hedges' g = -0.18, 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.01). Back-pain intensity (g = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.47 to 0.02) and health-related quality of life (g = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.43 to 0.18) were similar between the novel SCS waveform group and the traditional SCS or placebo comparator groups. The meta-regression did not identify any effect of the covariates on back-pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS: With low certainty of evidence, this finding provides a rationale for considering the novel SCS waveform as complements to the usual therapeutic plan. Future trials should adopt well-designed RCTs with larger sample size and follow-up assessment.

Umbrella review of time-restricted eating on weight loss, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile.

CONTEXT: A growing number of systematic reviews with meta-analyses have examined the effectiveness of time-restricted eating (TRE) in reducing weight and improving fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles. However, mixed results have been found, and its effectiveness remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: This umbrella review aimed to summarize systematic reviews that (1) examine the effects of TRE on weight loss, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in individuals with overweight and obesity; and (2) compare the effect sizes on these outcomes between conventional TRE and Ramadan fasting. DATA SOURCES: A total of 11 databases were searched from inception until March 11, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers performed article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. DATA ANALYSIS: Seven systematic reviews with 30 unique meta-analyses involving 7231 participants from 184 primary studies were included. The quality of each review was evaluated as moderate (14.3%) or critically low (85.7%) according to the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2. The degree of overlap was rated as slight for all outcomes (corrected cover area = 1.04%-4.27%). Meta-analyses at the meta-data level suggest that TRE is beneficial for reducing weight (P = .006) and fasting blood glucose (P < .01). Meta-analyses at the primary study level suggest that the effect on LGL-C was significant (P = .03). Subgroup analyses revealed greater effects in lowering fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL-C from Ramadan fasting than from conventional TRE. The credibility of evidence was rated as suggestive (3.3%), weak (36.7%) or nonsignificant (60%) using a classification method. CONCLUSION: TRE may complement usual care and reduce body weight and fasting blood glucose. Rigorous randomized controlled trials with long-term assessments in a wide range of populations are warranted. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022325657.