Acoustic and intelligibility characteristics of sentence production in neurogenic speech disorders.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between scaled speech intelligibility and selected acoustic variables in persons with dysarthria. Control speakers and speakers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) produced sentences which were analyzed acoustically and perceptually. The acoustic variables included total utterance durations, segment durations, estimates of the acoustic vowel space, and slopes of formant transitions; the perceptual variables included scaled speech intelligibility and severity of speech involvement. Results indicated that the temporal variables typically differentiated the ALS group, but not the PD group, from the controls, and that vowel spaces were smaller for both neurogenic groups as compared to controls, but only significantly so for the ALS speakers. The relation of these acoustic measures to scaled speech intelligibility is shown to be complex, and the composite results are discussed in terms of sentence vs. single-word intelligibility estimates and their underlying acoustic bases.

Effect of speaking rate manipulations on acoustic and perceptual aspects of the dysarthria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The current study explored the acoustic and perceptual effects of speaking rate adjustments in persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in neurologically normal individuals. Sentence utterances were obtained from the participants at two self-selected speaking rates: habitual and fast. Total utterance durations, segment durations, and vowel formant frequencies comprised the acoustic measures, whereas magnitude estimates of speech intelligibility and severity of speech involvement were the perceptual measures. Results showed that participants in both the neurologically normal and ALS groups were able to increase their speaking rate when asked to do so, but that the participants with ALS were significantly slower than the neurologically normal participants at both rates. Both groups of participants also showed compression of the acoustic vowel space with increased speaking rate, with the vowel spaces of participants with ALS generally being more compressed than the vowel spaces of neurologically normal participants, at either rate. Most importantly, the perceptual measures failed to show any effect of the speaking rate adjustment on scaled intelligibility or severity, for either group. These findings are discussed relative to the general issue of slow habitual speaking rates among many speakers with dysarthria, and possible explanations for the slowness. The lack of an effect of increased rate on the perception of the speech deficit among speakers with ALS argues against the idea that the habitually slow rates are a form of compensation to reduce the complexity of speech production.

The effects of a flattened fundamental frequency on intelligibility at the sentence level.

The purpose of this preliminary experiment was to evaluate the effect of a flattened fundamental frequency (F0) contour on sentence intelligibility. The perceptual dimension monotone pitch is frequently used to describe the speech of persons with dysarthria, and relatively flat F0 contours have been noted in several acoustic studies of dysarthria. To determine the independent effect of a flattened F0 contour on sentence intelligibility a resynthesis technique was used that held timing and spectral characteristics of utterances constant while allowing parametric control over successive pitch periods. Two male speakers produced low-probability utterances selected from the SPIN test, which were then resynthesized with a flattened F0 contour. Speech intelligibility was assessed using two measures: one involving word transcription and the other interval scaling. These measures were collected from 10 listeners. The results showed that both measures were significantly lower when the F0 contour was flattened, as compared with naturally varying contours. Several different explanations are proposed for this effect, which can and should be explored in greater detail using the resynthesis technique given the prominence of this characteristic in dysarthria.