The effects of intermittent liquid meal feeding on selected hormones and substrates during intense weight training.

This study examined the effects of feeding a liquid meal during weight training on selected hormones and substrates. Ten male subjects were given a meal (MW) or nonnutritive placebo (W) before and intermittently during a 2-hr weight training session, and a meal before and intermittently during 2 hours of rest (M). Serum insulin increased from 12.2 +/- 1.2 and 11.2 +/- 1.3 before feeding to 37.2 +/- 4.8 and 45.0 +/- 5.0 mU.ml-1 during exercise in MW and M, respectively, and remained elevated for 120 min. Insulin remained at resting levels in W throughout the experiment. Glucose increased from 5.20 +/- 0.16 and 4.82 +/- 0.20 before feeding to 6.23 +/- 0.30 and 6.0 +/- 0.36 mmol.l-1 at the beginning of exercise in MW and M. Glucose declined during the first 15 min of exercise in MW and M but remained at or above resting levels for 120 min in MW. Lactate increased above 5.9 mmol.l-1 in W and MW during exercise. Glucagon remained unchanged in all groups. Perceived exertion during exercise was 8.5 +/- 0.16 for MW and 8.3 +/- 0.18 for W. Feeding a liquid meal before and during weight training exercise can increase serum insulin and maintain blood glucose for a prolonged period.

[Early and late results after local streptokinase administration in massive lung embolism]. / Früh- und Spätergebnisse nach lokaler Streptokinaseanwendung bei massiver Lungenembolie.

In a total number of 44 patients with acute massive lung embolism 42 patients survived the acute phase. The treatment was carried out by thrombolysis with streptokinase. The application was performed as near to the thrombus as possible, in several patients after preceding balloon dilatation or also as multiphase treatment using urokinase. We altogether obtained favourable early results concerning the recanalisation got as well as also with regard to the clinical state and the subjective condition, particularly for patients with single acute occurrence and a latency period of less than 72 hours up to the beginning of the treatment. In follow-up examinations of 17 patients after more than 9 months (on an average after 32 months) without exception a good and further on ameliorated condition, respectively, was stated. Under long-term anticoagulation with phenprocoumon no recidivation embolisms appeared. Ergooxytensiometric investigations had as result a clear to extreme hypoxia on exertion as limiting factor for 12 out of 17 patients. Apart from this the majority of the patients a hyperdynamic regulatation of the circulation was to be observed. Therefore the ergooxytensiometry is recommended for the judgment of the result of the treatment as to the demandable exercise tolerance.

A comparison of blood gases and acid-base measurements in arterial, arterialized venous, and venous blood during short-term maximal exercise.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between blood gases and acid-base measurements in arterial, arterialized venous, and venous blood measured simultaneously during short-term maximal exercise. Ten well-trained male cyclists performed a graded maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine the power output corresponding to their peak oxygen consumption (test I), and a short-term maximal test on a cycle ergometer at peak power output (test II). During test II arterial, arterialized venous and venous blood were sampled simultaneously for determination of partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE), and lactate (La). Samples were taken at rest, the end of 1 min of exercise (1 ME), at the end of exercise (EE), and at 2 min of recovery (REC). During test II, subjects maintained a peak power output of 370.6 (62.1) W [mean (SD)] for 4.5, SD 1.6 min. Except at rest venous and arterialized venous measurements tended to be the same at all sampling intervals, but differed significantly from measurements in arterial blood (P less than 0.05). BE was the only variable that rendered consistently significant correlations between arterial and arterialized venous blood at each sampling interval. The pooled correlation coefficient between arterial and arterialized venous BE was r = 0.83 [regression equation: BEa = (0.84 BEav)-0.51]. Arterial La was significantly higher than venous La at 1 ME (2.8, 0.7 vs 0.8, 0.3 mmol.l-1) and higher than both venous and arterialized venous La at EE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Protein C defects as the basis of a thrombophilic state]. / Protein C-Defekte als Ursache thrombophiler Zustände.

Protein C defects often cause a pronounced tendency to thrombosis. This paper reports on observations of five families suffering from distinct thrombophilia due to a protein C defect.

[Thrombophilia caused by a type II protein-C defect]. / Thrombophilie infolge eines Protein-C-Defektes vom Typ II.

It is reported on the first cases of protein C deficiency of type II detected in the GDR. This type of the defect is characterized by a normal antigen content in definitely decreased activity of protein C. Among 29 patients who became evident due to spontaneous and/or relapsing thromboses, the defect was found in 6 cases. In family investigations further asymptomatic carriers of characteristics were found in two families not related to each other. The clinical consequences are discussed.

[Comparative studies on the activation of the fibrinolytic system by venous stasis and the administration of DDAVP]. / Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Aktivierung des fibrinolytischen Systems durch venöse Stauung und durch Applikation von DDAVP.

In 20 patients the fibrinolytic capacity was assessed by the venous occlusion test and by stimulation with DDAVP injection (0.4 microgram/kg). Irrespective of the test used, all cases were classified into the same group of responsiveness (responder, low responder, non-responder) with the exception of one patient. DDAVP injection caused subjective discomfort only in some cases, while the venous occlusion test was invariably accompanied by pain.

[Modification of hypofibrinolytic states by dehydrochlormethyltestosterone]. / Beeinflussung hypofibrinolytischer Zustände durch Dehydrochlormethyltestosteron.

Twenty patients with established diagnosis of insufficient fibrinolysis were treated with dehydrochlormethyl-testosterone (Turinabol). Doses of 5 or 10 mg per day, resp. were administered orally. Four weeks after the beginning of treatment the fibrinolytic capacity began to increase and reached a maximum in the 3rd and 4th months of treatment. In one patient with thrombotic tendency it disappeared under medication, however, after withdrawal of the drug it appeared anew. Side effects were roughness of the voice in two patients and slight weight gain in one patient.

[Use of chromogenic substrates in the clarification of disorders in the early stages of blood coagulation]. / Einsatz chromogener Substrate zur Klärung von Störungen in der Vorphase der Gerinnung.

The kallikrein specific chromogenic peptide substrates S-2302 (KABI) and Chromozym PK (Boehringer) were used in the first analysis of a familial defect in the early stage of clotting. Slight to extensive prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time was seen in the affected persons. Using dextransulfate for activation of plasma marked deficiency in kallikrein activity was found in 3 persons. Using factor XIIa (activated Hageman factor) for activation normal prekallikrein levels were found in 2 of them whereas factor XII levels, however, were below normal. The third had a prekallikrein deficiency presumably caused by oral contraceptives. In a fourth member of the family factor XII deficiency was found with normal kallikrein activity. The application of chromogenic peptide substrates for analysing the early stage of clotting has to take into account the special mechanisms of activation.