RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the development and validation of the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH) scale, designed to assess positive, negative, depressive and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. METHOD: The CGI-SCH scale was adapted from the CGI scale. Concurrent validity and sensitivity to change were assessed by comparison with the Positive and Negative Symptom Severity (PANSS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scales. To evaluate inter-rater reliability, all patients were assessed by two clinicians. RESULTS: Symptoms were assessed in 114 patients. Correlation coefficients between the CGI-SCH and the GAF and PANSS scores were high (most above 0.75), and were highest for positive and negative symptoms. Reliability was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.70) in all but one dimension (depressive dimension, ICC = 0.64). CONCLUSION: The CGI-SCH scale is a valid, reliable instrument to evaluate severity and treatment response in schizophrenia. Given its simplicity, brevity and clinical face validity, the scale is appropriate for use in observational studies and routine clinical practice.
Assuntos
Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The oral health status of 249 individuals with chronic schizophrenia was evaluated by means of the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth scores (DMFT). The patients were subdivided as to chronicity of illness and venue of psychiatric treatment (158 inpatients > 10 years' hospitalization, 34 inpatients < 10 years' hospitalization, and 57 outpatients). The severity of schizophrenia was determined by: the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the intensity of negative symptoms of schizophrenia [as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Negative Symptoms (BPRSNEGS)], and the equivalent dose of chloropromazine (EDC). This study demonstrated that inpatients had greater amounts of dental disease than outpatients. The extent of dental disease among inpatients as measured by both the OHI-S and DMFT scores was directly related to the intensity of schizophrenia (BPRS), magnitude of negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia (BPRSNEGS), and length of hospitalization. DMFT scores were directly related to EDC value.
