[Glycosaminoglycans at the early stages of osteogenesis of the human long tubular bones]. / Glikozaminoglikany na rannikh stadiiakh osteogeneza dlinnykh trubchatykh kostei cheloveka.

In anlages of long tubular bones of 68 human embryos and prefetuses (6-12 weeks of the prenatal development) changes in content and composition of glycosaminoglycans have been studied at early stages of osteogenesis. Histochemical reactions with brown basic, alcian blue, using the method of critical concentration of electrolyte and toluidine blue have been applied at various low values of pH with corresponding control experiments. For ultrastructural investigation of glycosaminoglycans localization the electron histochemical reaction with nitrogen acidic bismuth has been used. The most active synthesis of glycosaminoglycane is observed in chondrocytes of the proliferative zone of the epiphyseal cartilage of the anlages. In chondrocytes of the columnar zones the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans subsides, however, the mass of the substances increases on the surface of cytolemma of chondrocytes and in the intercellular matrix. During the process of development of the human long tubular bone analages contents of low sulfated glycosaminoglycans decrease with a simultaneous increase of concentration of these components, having a more acidic reaction. An essential role of polysaccharides and their complexes with proteins in ossification and mineralization of the human long tubular bone anlages is supposed.

[Lipids at the stages of early osteogenesis in human long tubular bones]. / Lipidy na étapakh rannego osteogeneza dlinnykh trubchatykh kostei cheloveka.

In 240 long tubular bone anlagen (LTBA) of extremities in 40 human embryos and prefetuses at the age of 6-12 weeks of the prenatal development the investigation has been performed concerning localization, dynamics of contents and spectrum of neutral lipids and phospholipids. Lipids are stained with Sudan III and IV, phospholipids-with Sudan black with corresponding control extractive methods and quantitative estimation of these substances values. The material for electron microscopical investigation of the lipids is treated according to the method, that preserves their safety. The spectrum of lipids and phospholipids in the LTBA is studied by means of the thin layered chromatography method. The data of the histochemical investigation and chromatography demonstrate decreasing contents of neutral lipids with the gradient from the zone of the preserved cartilage up to the ossification zone of the epiphyseal cartilage of the LTBA in the human embryos and prefetuses. Increased concentration of phospholipids and complication of their spectrum is noted in the areas of intensive deposits of calcium salts. An essential role of the substance of lipid origin is supposed in ossification and mineralization of the human LTBA.

[Alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase in early osteogenesis in man]. / Shchelochnaia fosfataza i 5'-nukleotidaza v rannem osteogeneze cheloveka.

By means of histochemical techniques at light and electron microscopic levels, as well as immunomorphological, biochemical and immunochemical methods localization and dynamics of alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase contents have been determined in anlages of long tubular bones in 85 human embryos and prefetuses from the 6th up to 12th week of the intrauterine development, obtained as a result of artificial abortions in healthy women. The greatest activity of the enzymes studied is revealed in areas of an intensive osteogenesis and mineralization. Also, by means of the immunofluorescent method alkaline phosphatase of a placental type is revealed, that is not revealed, however, immunochemically. With increasing time of the intrauterine development, thermostability of alkaline phosphatase increases.