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1.
Metabolites ; 13(10)2023 Oct 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37887410

RESUMO

Carbohydrate intake restriction positively affects markers related to metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the effects of long-term carbohydrate-free diets (CFD) have yet to be studied. The main objective of this study was to report the effects on biochemical and morphometric parameters in a rat model of MS. Male Wistar rats were initially divided into two groups: the standard diet group (SD, n = 20); and the MS group (n = 30) fed a high-glucose diet. Ten animals from each group were sacrificed after 20 weeks on their respective diets to verify MS development. The remaining MS animals were divided into two subgroups: one continued with the MS diet (n = 10); and the other transitioned to a carbohydrate-free diet (MS + CFD group, n = 10) for 20 more weeks. At week 40, parameters, including glucose, insulin, lipid profile, ketone bodies, C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, liver and muscle glycogen, and serum, hepatic, renal, and pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed. Transitioning to CFD resulted in decreased caloric intake and body weight, with normalized parameters including MDA, insulin, lipid profile, ALT, liver glycogen, creatinine, and CRP levels. This shift effectively reversed the MS-induced alterations, except for glycemia and uremia, likely influenced by the diet's high protein content stimulating gluconeogenesis. This research underscores the potential benefits of long-term carbohydrate restriction in mitigating MS-related markers.

2.
Plants (Basel) ; 12(12)2023 Jun 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37376012

RESUMO

Crataegus oxyacantha is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transplacental genotoxicity effect of aqueous (AE) and hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of leaves C. oxyacantha in a rat model and the quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Three different doses of the AE and HE of the C. oxyacantha leaf were administered orally (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) to Wistar rats during 5 days through the pregnancy term (16-21 days), and sampling in rats occurred every 24 h during the last 6 days of gestation, while only one sample was taken in neonates at birth. A sample of the mother's and the neonate's liver was taken for the determination of MDA. The results show that, at the hepatic level, the evaluated doses of extracts C. oxyacantha in pregnant rats and their pups did not show cytotoxicity. However, the AE and HE generated cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in the short term. On the other hand, only the AE showed a teratogenic effect. Based on these results, the AE and HE of the C. oxyacantha leaf should not be administered during pregnancy.

3.
Genes (Basel) ; 13(12)2022 11 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36553518

RESUMO

Few studies have addressed how selective pressures have shaped the genetic structure of the current Native American populations, and they have mostly limited their inferences to admixed Latin American populations. Here, we searched for local adaptation signals, based on integrated haplotype scores and population branch statistics, in 325 Mexican Indigenous individuals with at least 99% Native American ancestry from five previously defined geographical regions. Although each region exhibited its own local adaptation profile, only PPARG and AJAP1, both negative regulators of the Wnt/ß catenin signaling pathway, showed significant adaptation signals in all the tested regions. Several signals were found, mainly in the genes related to the metabolic processes and immune response. A pathway enrichment analysis revealed the overrepresentation of selected genes related to several biological phenotypes/conditions, such as the immune response and metabolic pathways, in agreement with previous studies, suggesting that immunological and metabolic pressures are major drivers of human adaptation. Genes related to the gut microbiome measurements were overrepresented in all the regions, highlighting the importance of studying how humans have coevolved with the microbial communities that colonize them. Our results provide a further explanation of the human evolutionary history in response to environmental pressures in this region.


Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca , Humanos , México , Adaptação Fisiológica/genética , Hispânico ou Latino , Grupos Raciais
4.
Biomed Res Int ; 2022: 9554011, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36567911

RESUMO

Annona muricata have been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat multiple diseases, including cancers. This study evaluated the genotoxic potential and antigenotoxic activities of A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts by employing an in vivo erythrocyte rodent micronucleus assay. Different doses (187.5, 375, and 750 mg/kg) of both extracts were administered orally for 5 days alone and combined with cyclophosphamide (CP, 60 mg/kg) to BALB/c mice. Also, it was administered orally to Wistar rats for 5 days through the final stage of gestation. No genotoxic or cytotoxic effects were observed in the two adult rodent models when A. muricata was administered orally nor in newborn rats transplacentally exposed to the extracts. Moreover, A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts demonstrated a protective effect against CP-induced DNA damage. Due to its lack of genotoxic effect and its capacity to decrease DNA damage, A. muricata is likely to open an interest field regarding its potential safe use in clinical applications.


Assuntos
Annona , Extratos Vegetais , Camundongos , Ratos , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Roedores , Ratos Wistar , Testes para Micronúcleos , Eritrócitos , Dano ao DNA , Folhas de Planta
5.
Plants (Basel) ; 10(10)2021 Oct 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34686027

RESUMO

Crataegus oxyacantha has been mainly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its safety profile has not been fully established, since only the genotoxic effects of C. oxyacantha fruit have been described. Therefore, the objective of this work was evaluating the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf and bark extracts of C. oxyacantha by means of the micronucleus test in a murine model. Doses of 2000, 1000, and 500 mg/kg of both extracts were administered orally for 5 days in mice of the Balb-C strain. Peripheral blood smears were performed at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after each administration. The number of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), and micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) was determined at the different sampling times. Our results showed that the leaf and bark of C. oxyacantha increase the number of MNEs at the 2000 mg/kg dose, and only the aqueous leaf extract decreases the number of PCEs at the same dose. Therefore, the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf and bark extracts of C. oxyacantha showed genotoxic effects, and only the aqueous leaf extract exhibited cytotoxic effects.

6.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 5942, 2021 10 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34642312

RESUMO

The genetic makeup of Indigenous populations inhabiting Mexico has been strongly influenced by geography and demographic history. Here, we perform a genome-wide analysis of 716 newly genotyped individuals from 60 of the 68 recognized ethnic groups in Mexico. We show that the genetic structure of these populations is strongly influenced by geography, and our demographic reconstructions suggest a decline in the population size of all tested populations in the last 15-30 generations. We find evidence that Aridoamerican and Mesoamerican populations diverged roughly 4-9.9 ka, around the time when sedentary farming started in Mesoamerica. Comparisons with ancient genomes indicate that the Upward Sun River 1 (USR1) individual is an outgroup to Mexican/South American Indigenous populations, whereas Anzick-1 was more closely related to Mesoamerican/South American populations than to those from Aridoamerica, showing an even more complex history of divergence than recognized so far.


Assuntos
Etnicidade/genética , Genoma Humano , Migração Humana/história , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , Filogenia , Dinâmica Populacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Etnicidade/classificação , Variação Genética , Genômica/métodos , História Antiga , Humanos , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/classificação , México , Filogeografia
7.
J Med Food ; 23(10): 1070-1076, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32125929

RESUMO

Genomic instability is associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intake of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis on genomic instability in HIV patients. We studied 67 HIV patients under pharmacological treatment with ATRIPLA who were divided into three groups: group 1, patients under ATRIPLA antiretroviral therapy; group 2, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary aqueous extract (4 g/L per day); and group 3, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary methanolic extract (400 mg/day). The genomic instability was evaluated through the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Oral epithelial cells were taken at the beginning and 1 and 4 months later. The groups that received the pharmacological therapy with ATRIPLA and the complementary therapy with R. officinalis extracts showed a decrease in the number of cells with micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities compared with the group that only received ATRIPLA. The complementary therapy with R. officinalis decreased the genomic instability in HIV patients.


Assuntos
Terapias Complementares , Instabilidade Genômica/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por HIV , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Rosmarinus/química , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/genética , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo
8.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31885642

RESUMO

Jatropha dioica is traditionally used owing to its antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. But, toxicological information regarding J. dioica root total extract is currently limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate in a rat model, the transplacental genotoxicity effect of J. dioica aqueous root total extract. Three different J. dioica aqueous root total extract doses (60, 100, and 300 mg/kg) were administered orally to Wistar rats during 5 days through the pregnancy term (16-21 days). Pregnant rats were sampled every 24 h during the last 6 days of gestation, and pubs were sampled at birth. Genome damage in dams and their newborn pups transplacentally exposed to J. dioica was evaluated by in vivo micronuclei assay. We evaluated the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in peripheral blood samples from pups and MNPCE and PCE in pregnant rats. No genotoxic effect was observed after oral administration of the three different doses of aqueous root total extract of J. dioica in pregnant or in their newborn pubs, after transplacental exposure. A significant decrease in PCE frequency was noted in samples from pubs of rats treated with the highest dose of J. dioica extract. The aqueous total root extract of J. dioica at the highest dose tested in our research do have cytotoxic effect in pups transplacentally exposed to this plant extract. Moreover, neither a genotoxic nor a cytotoxic effect was observed in pregnant rats. In the present work, there was no evidence of genome damage in the rat model after transplacental exposure to J. dioica aqueous root total extract.

9.
Biomed Res Int ; 2019: 7850392, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30868074

RESUMO

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an infection that affects the teeth supporting structure. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important effector cytokine of the innate immune system. Due to its functional characteristics, MIF may be involved in the immunopathology of CP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MIF levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum of CP patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 subjects divided into two groups: subjects with CP (n= 30) and periodontally healthy subjects without CP (n=30). MIF was quantified in GCF, saliva, and serum of all participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MIF concentrations were higher in GCF, saliva, and serum in the group with CP compared with the group without CP and a higher MIF concentration was observed in GCF (p=0.001) and saliva (p=0.009) in the group with CP. MIF intragroup comparisons between fluids demonstrated significant high levels of MIF in saliva compared with GCF and serum in both study groups (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between clinical signs and MIF concentration in GCF (p<0.05). There is an association between the MIF and the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, MIF could have an important role in the pathology and progression of CP.


Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/genética , Periodontite Crônica/metabolismo , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/genética , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/genética , Adulto , Periodontite Crônica/sangue , Periodontite Crônica/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/imunologia , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/metabolismo , Humanos , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/química , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/imunologia , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/química , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saliva/imunologia , Saliva/metabolismo
10.
J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol ; 26(4): e18-e28, 2019 Dec 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31909576

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Rosemary leaves powder has been reported to reduce in a dose-dependent manner, glucose levels, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in humans. However, patients should ingest high doses of powder contained in capsules. This formulation constitutes the intake of 10 capsules per day, so the active metabolite must first, be released and then absorbed (for which, rosemary leaf powder must be mixed with gastric juice). AIM: Evaluate whether a shortened dose and time of treatment as well as the pharmaceutical presentation in rosemary tea (Rosmarinus officinalis) instead of powder have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of T2D. METHOD: The complementary therapy with Rosemary tea (2g/1 litre of water per day) were evaluate on resistance to insulin, oxidative stress, biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements in forty patients T2D under treatment with metformin and/or glibenclamide afther giving your authorization through informed consent. RESULTS: The data indicated that Rosemary tea intake after 90 days, statistically decreased (p < 0.05) anthropometric parameters like the body mass index and waist-hip ratio. Remarkably, this treatment decreased the percentages of glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, and the pancreatic ß-cell function and lastly, a significant difference in lipid peroxide levels was found. CONCLUSION: These data show that shortening time and dose, as well as changing the formulation of the Rosemary plant constitutes a promising treatment for drug-resistant T2D patients.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Rosmarinus , Chá , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Front Physiol ; 9: 1870, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30666213

RESUMO

Preeclampsia is a condition associated with high rates of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. It usually occurs in 3-10% of nulliparous women and 18% of previously affected women. Different lines of evidence have demonstrated the role of the father in the onset of preeclampsia. The placenta is the cornerstone of preeclampsia and poses important paternal genetic determinants; in fact, the existence of a "paternal antigen" has been proposed. Nulliparity is a well-known risk factor. Change of partner to a woman without history of preeclampsia increases the risk; however, this change decreases in women with history of the condition. High interval between pregnancies, short sexual intercourse before pregnancy, and conception by intracytoplasmic sperm injection suggest a limited exposure to the so-called paternal antigen. A man who was born from a mother with preeclampsia also increases the risk to his partner. Not only maternal but also paternal obesity is a risk factor for preeclampsia. Fetal HLA-G variants from the father increased the immune incompatibility with the mother and are also significantly associated with preeclampsia in multigravida pregnancies. An analysis of a group of Swedish pregnant women showed that the risk for preeclampsia is attributable to paternal factors in 13% of cases, which could be related to genetic interactions with maternal genetic factors. This review aimed to evaluate the evidences of the father's contribution to the onset of preeclampsia and determine the importance of including them in future studies.

12.
Salud Publica Mex ; 59(5): 532-539, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29267650

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in Mexico's indigenous population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty indigenous individuals were evaluated, including thirty from the ethnicities Cora, Huichol, Tarahumara and Tepehuano. The number of micronuclei (MN) and any nuclear abnormality (NA) in oral mucosa cells, including cells with nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with karyolysis, karyorrhetic, condensed chromatin and pyknotic cells were determined for each participant. RESULTS: Tepehuano and Tarahumaras showed the greatest damage to DNA. The Tepehuano group presented the highest number of MN and NA, this being a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the rest of the studied groups. This group also presented the highest herbicide exposure (46.7%). In relation to the smoking and drinking habits, these were more frequent in the Tarahumara group (33.3 and 50% respectively). CONCLUSION: The ethnic diversity, habits and customs may influence the DNA nuclear integrity in the Amerindian groups.


Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , DNA/genética , Dieta , Etnicidade/genética , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Herbicidas , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestrutura , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
13.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 22(6): e694-e701, nov. 2017. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-168744

RESUMO

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the potential clinical value of the concentration of soluble salivary E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) compared with the clinical value of the presence of membranous E-cadherin (mE-cadherin) in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues. Material and Methods: Data regarding patient demographics, clinical stage, saliva and tumor tissue samples were collected. The saliva was analyzed for sE-cadherin protein levels and was compared to the mE-cadherin immunohistochemical expression levels in tumor tissues, which were assessed via the HercepTest(R) method. Patients without cancer were included in the study as a control group for comparisons of the sE-cadherin levels. Results: sE-cadherin levels in the saliva of patients without cancer were lower than those in patients with cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.031). Low mE-cadherin expression was statistically significantly associated with lymph node positivity (p=0.015) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.001). The inverse relationship between mE-cadherin and sE-cadherin was significant in terms of lymph node positivity (p=0.014) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.037). Conclusions: The results suggest that sE-cadherin levels are significantly increased in patients with oral cancer and that its low expression within the membrane as well as the progression of the disease appear to be inversely associated with levels of sE-cadherin in the saliva (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Saliva , Caderinas/análise , Caderinas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos
14.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(5): 532-539, Sep.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-903800

RESUMO

Abstract: Objective: To determine the number of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in Mexico's indigenous population. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty indigenous individuals were evaluated, including thirty from the ethnicities Cora, Huichol, Tarahumara and Tepehuano. The number of micronuclei (MN) and any nuclear abnormality (NA) in oral mucosa cells, including cells with nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with karyolysis, karyorrhetic, condensed chromatin and pyknotic cells were determined for each participant. Results: Tepehuano and Tarahumaras showed the greatest damage to DNA. The Tepehuano group presented the highest number of MN and NA, this being a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the rest of the studied groups. This group also presented the highest herbicide exposure (46.7%). In relation to the smoking and drinking habits, these were more frequent in the Tarahumara group (33.3 and 50% respectively). Conclusion: The ethnic diversity, habits and customs may influence the DNA nuclear integrity in the Amerindian groups.


Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar el número de micronúcleos y anomalías nucleares en la población indígena de México. Material y métodos: Se evaluó a ciento veinte indígenas, incluyendo treinta individuos de las etnias cora, huichol, tarahumara y tepehuana. A cada participante se le determinó el número de micronúcleos (MN) y de alguna anomalía nuclear (AN) en células de mucosa bucal, incluyendo células con brotes nucleares, binucleadas, cariolisis, cariorrexis, cromatina condensada y picnóticas. Resultados: Los tepehuanos y tarahumaras mostraron el mayor daño al ADN. El grupo tepehuano presentó el mayor número de MN y AN, con una diferencia significativa (p < 0.05) en comparación con el resto de los grupos estudiados; este grupo presentó también la mayor exposición a herbicidas (46.7%). En relación con los hábitos de fumar y beber, se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el grupo tarahumara (33.3 y 50%, respectivamente). Conclusión. La diversidad étnica, hábitos y costumbres pueden influir la integridad del ADN en los grupos amerindios.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , DNA/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Fumar/epidemiologia , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Herbicidas , México , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestrutura
15.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 86: 260-264, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28342845

RESUMO

Jatropha dioica Sessé ex Cerv. is a medicinal plant credited with low cytotoxicity in vitro. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the possible genotoxic and cytotoxic effect in vivo of the J. dioica aqueous extract by means of micronucleus assay in mouse peripheral blood. Four different J. dioica aqueous extract dose-units were evaluated (30, 60, 100, and 300 mg/kg). The extract was administered orally to male Balb-C-strain mice every 24 h during 5 days. Blood samples were taken at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h from the mouse's tail and were performed in duplicate extensions. The number of Polychromatic Erythrocytes (PCE), Polychromatic Micronucleus Erythrocytes (PCEMN), and Micronucleus Erythrocytes (MNE) was determined at the different sampling times in the different study groups. Our results showed that the group that received 60 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (positive control) presented a significant decrease in the PCE (p = 0.044) proportion and a significant increase in MNE (p = 0.032, p = 0.0001). The groups that received the different J. dioica aqueous extract doses did not present either a PCE decrease or an increase in PCEMN and MNE. J. dioica exerts neither a genotoxic nor a cytotoxic effect on mouse peripheral blood at high doses.


Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Jatropha/toxicidade , Testes para Micronúcleos , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Animais , Eritrócitos/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C
16.
Pharmacogenomics ; 15(3): 339-48, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24533713

RESUMO

AIM: Polymorphisms in CYP2D6 impact the interindividual and interethnic variability of drug efficiency; therefore, we determined the CYP2D6 allele distribution in eight Amerindian groups from northwestern Mexico and compared them with the frequencies in Mexican Mestizos. MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 508 Amerindians were studied. Genotyping of CYP2D6*5 and multiplication alleles was performed by long-range PCR, while CYP2D6*2, *3, *4, *6, *10, *17, *29, *35, *41 and copy number were evaluated by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The most frequent alleles were CYP2D6*2 (0.05-0.28), CYP2D6*4 (0.003-0.21) and multiplications (0.043-0.107). CYP2D6*5, *6, * 10 and *41 were not observed in the majority of Amerindians, and CYP2D6*3, *17, *35 and *29 were not detected. The poor metabolizer genotype ( *4/*5) was lower (0.2%) in Amerindians than in Mestizos (5%); conversely, the ultrarapid metabolizer genotype was higher (12.6%) in indigenous groups than in Mestizos (7%). CONCLUSION: Our data show a lower frequency of CYP2D6 inactive alleles and a higher frequency of duplication/multiplication of CYP2D6 active alleles in indigenous populations that in Mestizos. Original submitted 14 August 2013; Revision submitted 7 October 2013.


Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6/genética , Frequência do Gene , Inativação Metabólica/genética , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , Alelos , Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6/metabolismo , Genótipo , Humanos , México , Fenótipo
17.
Arch Med Res ; 43(6): 476-81, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22964462

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic degenerative disease that promotes autoxidation of sugars, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species. This damage occurs especially at the level of cellular proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and DNA, thus playing an important role in the pathogenesis of late complications of T2DM. We investigated the effect of folic acid on DNA and oxidative damage in patients with T2DM. METHODS: We studied 30 individuals diagnosed with T2DM and 30 control individuals without disease. Individuals with T2DM were prescribed 5 mg of folic acid, taken orally three times daily for 1 month. Samples were taken 15 and 30 days after treatment. DNA damage was determined using the micronucleus test in oral mucosa and oxidative stress by quantifying 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as well as by quantifying total lipid peroxides. RESULTS: Individuals with T2DM had a higher number of micronuclei as well as higher levels of 8-OHdG and lipid peroxides than the control group (p = 0.001). Individuals with T2DM showed a significant reduction in the number of micronuclei and the concentration of 8-OHdG and lipid peroxides over time with folic acid intake. CONCLUSIONS: A positive correlation exists between oxidative stress produced by T2DM and DNA damage, so the use of an antioxidant such as folic acid in DM2 therapy is advisable for delaying complications due to T2DM-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage.


Assuntos
Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxiguanosina , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Testes para Micronúcleos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
18.
Sex Transm Dis ; 30(3): 195-8, 2003 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12616134

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in female sex workers (FSWs) in Mexico. GOAL: The goal of the study was to determine the prevalence of C trachomatis infection in registered FSWs from northern Mexico and to determine the sociodemographic characteristics associated with the infection. STUDY DESIGN: An enzyme immunoassay was used to test 354 FSWs in three northern Mexican cities for cervical C trachomatis infection. All participants were registered in a government health office. Recruitment was consecutive and voluntary. The association between clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of FSWs and infection was evaluated. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of C trachomatis infection among participants in the three cities was 12.4%. Women of low socioeconomic level and those younger than 25 years were the most frequently infected. Among FSWs in Durango, a higher frequency of C trachomatis infection was found for those who did not use condoms. CONCLUSION: C trachomatis is an important pathogen in the sexually transmitted diseases of registered FSWs in northern Mexico.


Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolamento & purificação , Trabalho Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Infecções por Chlamydia/etiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
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