RESUMO
This paper presents and discusses the results of the project named 'Jasmin' implemented in Algiers to control the strong odours of the river named Oued El Harrach, one of the largest rivers in the centre of the city. Pending the achievement of curative solutions, a temporary option for mitigation of nuisance odour by masking agents was implemented in the vicinity of the main bridges. The efficiency of this technology has been followed by means of an odour panel with the participation of representatives of all stakeholders. A sociological study by means of 1,000 questionnaires and face-to-face interviews of the local population demonstrated the benefits and the positive outcomes of the attenuation of odour nuisance: 70% of the surveyed population is satisfied or very satisfied with the application of masking agents and 96% of respondents support the continuation of the project. In terms of size and public access, the project Jasmin is a world-first demonstration of odour control in urban areas in developing countries.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Odorantes/prevenção & controle , Perfumes , Rios/química , Argélia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Opinião Pública , Inquéritos e Questionários , População UrbanaRESUMO
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with recycled water or other alternative resources is one of the most rapidly growing techniques that is viewed as a necessity in water-short areas. In order to better control health and environmental effects of MAR, this paper presents two case studies demonstrating how to improve water quality, enable reliable tracing of injected water and better control and manage MAR operation in the case of indirect and direct aquifer recharge. Two water quality management strategies are illustrated on two full-scale case studies, including the results of the combination of non conventional and advanced technologies for water quality improvement, comprehensive sampling and monitoring programs including emerging pollutants, tracer studies using boron isotopes and integrative aquifer 3D GIS hydraulic and hydrodispersive modelling.
Assuntos
Abastecimento de Água , Monitoramento Ambiental , Qualidade da ÁguaRESUMO
This paper presents the results of the long-term operation and monitoring of membrane fouling at several full-scale MF/RO water recycling facilities operated by Agbar in Spain. It was demonstrated that membranes give very reliable treatment enabling the production of high-grade recycled water, well disinfected and with the removal of all priority substances. The high organic and salt concentrations of raw wastewater combined to extremely high variations justified the implementation of sand filtration to protect MF/RO membranes. Membrane autopsy was used to better understand the predominant fouling mechanisms and optimise down-stream operation and membrane cleaning strategy. The main membrane pathologies are described with recommendation of an adequate cleaning strategy.
Assuntos
Filtração/instrumentação , Purificação da Água/métodos , Reatores Biológicos , Filtração/métodos , Membranas Artificiais , Osmose , Esgotos , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodosRESUMO
Wastewater disinfection by ozone was investigated at pilot scale on different wastewater effluents. Variations in operating conditions showed that a very low hydraulic retention time (2 min) was sufficient for efficient fecal coliform inactivation, provided a sufficient ozone dose was transferred to the effluent. Therefore, the transferred ozone dose appeared to be the critical parameter for the design of wastewater disinfection. As a consequence, the "Ct" approach commonly applied in drinking water treatment should not be used for wastewater ozonation. Design parameters of ozonation were proposed for two types of regulations, and for effluents of different qualities. It was demonstrated that only with an efficient filtration step one can meet stringent standards such as the California Title 22 criteria. In all cases, viruses were totally inactivated; consequently, viruses do not constitute a limiting factor in wastewater disinfection by ozone. The standard drinking water model failed to match the experimental data obtained on real wastewater effluents. A modified approach was successfully developed, based on the simultaneous consumption of ozone by the microorganisms and the organic matrix.
Assuntos
Oxidantes Fotoquímicos/química , Ozônio/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Purificação da Água/métodos , Reatores Biológicos , Desenho de Equipamento , Filtração , Projetos Piloto , Microbiologia da Água , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
El objetivo del trabajo es presentar el desempeño del ozono y la radiacion ultravioleta como metodologias avanzadas para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales municipales. Se analizan las caracteristicas de ambos tratamientos y se hace una evaluacion economica de los mismos. Tambien se discuten sus ventajas las ventajas con respecto a la cloracion, especialmente, por los efectos adversos para el ambiente de estos ultimos
Assuntos
Desinfecção da Água , Ozônio , Ozonização , Halogenação , Raios Ultravioleta , Desinfetantes da Água , Custos e Análise de CustoRESUMO
Se presenta el estado del arte sobre el reuso de aguas residuales. Se presenta al reuso de aguas residuales como una practica esencial para el manejo de la politica ambiental, sobre todo en las regiones aridas como alternativa para la conservacion del agua, la reduccion de la contaminacion ambiental y la proteccion de la salud. El articulo enfatiza los principales usos de las aguas residuales, ya sea para la agricultura, la industria o las zonas urbanas, los factores a tener en cuenta para lograr el exito en las practicas actuales, y en el analisis de los costos y los beneficios
