Differences in whole blood before and after hemodialysis session of subjects with chronic kidney disease measured by Raman spectroscopy.

This study aimed to identify differences in the composition of whole blood of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), before and after a hemodialysis session (HDS), and possible differences in blood composition between stages and between genders using Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA). Whole blood samples were collected from 40 patients (20 women and 20 men), before and after a HDS. Raman spectra were obtained and the spectra were evaluated by PCA and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Mean spectra and difference spectrum between the groups were calculated: stages Before and After HDS, and gender Women and Men, which had their most intense peaks identified. Stage: mean spectra and difference spectrum indicated positive peaks that could be assigned to red blood cells, hemoglobin and deoxi-hemoglobin in the group Before HDS. There was no statistically significant difference by PCA. Gender: mean spectra and difference spectrum Before HDS indicated positive peaks that could be assigned to red blood cells, hemoglobin and deoxi-hemoglobin with greater intensity in the group Women, and negative peaks to white blood cells and serum, with greater intensity in the group Men. There was statistically significant difference by PCA, which also identified the peaks assigned to white blood cells, serum and porphyrin for Women and red blood cells and amino acids (tryptophan) for Men. PLS model was able to classify the spectra of the gender with 83.7% accuracy considering the classification per patient. The Raman technique highlighted gender differences in pacients with CKD.

Autonomic nerve regulation in joint hypermobility patients with myofascial trigger points by Musculoskeletal Interfiber Counterirritant Stimulation (MICS).

Joint hypermobility (JH) conditions suggest dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) (dysautonomia), associated with multifactor non-articular local musculoskeletal pain, and remains a complex treatment. This study aims to determine the effects of musculoskeletal interfiber counterirritant stimulation (MICS) as an innovative treatment of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) on the upper trapezius muscle in JH patients. We evaluate the ANS activity by wavelet transform spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in sixty women, equally divided: MTrP, MTrP + general joint hypermobility (GJH), and MTrP + joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS). The protocol phases were rest, stimulation, and recovery, with clinical and home treatment for three-days. All groups show a significantly decreased in pain perception during and post-treatment, and an increased parasympathetic ANS activity under MICS in the GJH and JHS groups. The variables low-frequency (LF) vs. high-frequency (HF) showed significant differences during the protocol phases, and the LF/HF ratio maintained a predominance of sympathetic activity (SA) throughout the protocol. The new MICS technique reduces the pain perception and modulates the ANS activity by an increase in vagal tone, and a decrease in sympathetic tone. This modulation was followed by an increase in the HRV in JH patients after treatment with MICS. Clinical Trials: RBR-88z25c5.

Comparison of aerobic power and capacity between athletes from different sports / Comparaçao da potência e capacidade aeróbica entre atletas de alto rendimento de diferentes modalidades esportivas / Comparación de potencia y capacidad aeróbica entre atletas de alto rendimiento de diferentes modalidades deportivas

INTRODUCTION: Ergospirometry is a noninvasive procedure used to assess physical performance or the capacity of an individual, through an analysis of expired gases and respiratory variables. This procedure is crucially important in sports, and makes a significant contribution to the measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness indices, such as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and the anaerobic threshold (AT). OBJECTIVE: To assess aerobic capacity and potency in professional and junior soccer players, handball athletes, and women soccer players. METHODS: Forty-eight athletes participated voluntarily and were divided into 4 groups. The first group consisted of 12 youth soccer players in the under-20 category, the second group was made up of 12 professional soccer players, the third group was made up of female soccer players, and the fourth group consisted of handball players. RESULTS: We analyzed values such as peak VO2, average speed and heart rate at the anaerobic threshold as well as pulmonary ventilation. We found that the values were always greater for the group formed by professional soccer players, with the exception of mean maximum O2 consumption, in which the difference between this group and that of soccer players in the junior category was not significant. In other physical valences, there was a degree of similarity between the other groups, with special emphasis on pulmonary ventilation, which was significantly lower in the group of female soccer players. CONCLUSION: The particularities of each sport, such as pitch dimensions, duration, and tactical system, together with the morphology and sex of the athletes, directly influence peak VO2, AT and VE values in athletes who play different sports. Level of Evidence III; Development of diagnostic criteria in consecutive patients (with gold reference standard applied).

INTRODUÇÃO: A ergoespirometria é um procedimento não invasivo, utilizado para avaliar o desempenho físico ou a capacidade de um indivíduo, pela análise de gases espirados e variáveis respiratórias. No esporte, é de fundamental importância e traz significativa contribuição na verificação de índices de aptidão cardiorrespiratória, como é o caso do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx.) e do limiar anaeróbico (LA). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a potência e a capadidade aeróbica em atletas profissionais e juniores do futebol, atletas de handebol e mulheres futebolistas. MÉTODOS: Participaram voluntariamente 48 atletas divididos em 4 grupos. O primeiro grupo foi composto por 12 jovens futebolebolistas na categoria sub-20, o segundo grupo era formado por 12 futebolistas profissionais, o terceiro grupo foi formado por futebolistas do sexo feminino e o quarto grupo, por atletas de handebol. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados valores como pico de VO2, velocidade média e frequência cardíaca do limiar anaeróbico, além da ventilação pulmonar; verificaram-se valores sempre maiores para o grupo formado por jogadores de futebol profissional com exceção do valor médio de consumo máximo de O2, no qual a diferença para futebolistas da categoria juniores não foi significativa. Em outras valências físicas, houve alguma semelhança entre os demais grupos, com destaque para a ventilação pulmorar, que foi significativamente menor no grupo de futebol feminino. CONCLUSÃO: As especificidades da modalidade, como dimensões do campo de jogo, tempo de duração, sistema tático, em conjunto com a morfologia e o sexo dos atletas influenciam diretamente os valores de VO2 pico, LA e VE nos atletas de diferentes modalidades. Nível de Evidência III; Desenvolvimento de critérios diagnósticos em pacientes consecutivos (com padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado).

INTRODUCCIÓN: La ergoespirometría es un procedimiento no invasivo, utilizado para evaluar el desempeño físico o la capacidad de un individuo, utilizando análisis de gases espirados y variables respiratorias. En el deporte, es de fundamental importancia y trae significativa contribución en la verificación de índices de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, como es el caso del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 máx.) y el umbral anaeróbico (UA). OBJETIVO: Evaluar la potencia y la capacidad aeróbica en atletas profesionales y juveniles de fútbol, atletas de hándball y mujeres futbolistas. MÉTODOS: Participaron voluntariamente 48 atletas divididos en 4 grupos. El primer grupo fue compuesto por 12 jóvenes futbolistas en la categoría sub-20, el segundo grupo era formado por 12 futbolistas profesionales, el tercer grupo fue formado por futbolistas del sexo femenino, y el cuarto grupo por atletas de hándball. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron valores como pico de VO2, velocidad promedio y frecuencia cardíaca del umbral anaeróbico, además de la ventilación pulmonar; se verificaron valores siempre mayores para el grupo formado por jugadores de fútbol profesional con excepción del valor promedio de consumo maximo de O2 donde la diferencia para futbolistas de la categoría junior no fue significativa. En otras valencias físicas hubo cierta semejanza entre los demás grupos, pudiendo ser destacada la ventilación pulmonar, que fue significativamente menor para el grupo de fútbol femenino. CONCLUSIÓN: Las especificidades de la modalidad, como dimensiones del campo de juego, tiempo de duración, sistema táctico, en conjunto con la morfología y sexo de los atletas influyen directamente en los valores de VO2 pico, UA y VE en los atletas de diferentes modalidades. Nivel de Evidencia III; Desarrollo de criterios diagnósticos en pacientes consecutivos (con patrón de referencia "oro" aplicado).

Low-intensity swimming training partially inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise decreases pulmonary inflammation and remodeling in experimental models of allergic asthma. However, the effects of aerobic exercise on pulmonary inflammation of nonallergic origin, such as in experimental models of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise in a model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. METHODS: BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: Control, Aerobic Exercise, LPS, and Aerobic Exercise + LPS. Swimming tests were conducted at baseline and at 3 and 6 wk. Low-intensity swimming training was performed for 6 wk, four times per week, 60 min per session. Intranasal LPS (1 mg x kg(-1) (60 microg per mouse)) was instilled 24 h after the last swimming physical test in the LPS and Aerobic Exercise + LPS mice, and the animals were studied 24 h after LPS instillation. Exhaled nitric oxide, respiratory mechanics, total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung parenchymal inflammation and remodeling were evaluated. RESULTS: LPS instillation resulted in increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide (P < 0.001), higher numbers of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (P < 0.001) and in the lung parenchyma (P < 0.001), and decreased lung tissue resistance (P < 0.05) and volume proportion of elastic fibers (P < 0.01) compared with the Control group. Swim training in LPS-instilled animals resulted in significantly lower exhaled nitric oxide levels (P < 0.001) and fewer neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (P < 0.001) and the lung parenchyma (P < 0.01) compared with the LPS group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that low-intensity swimming training inhibits lung neutrophilic inflammation, but not remodeling and impaired lung mechanics, in a model of LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Effect of physical training on metabolic responses of pregnant rats submitted to swimming under thermal stress.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of pre-pregnancy physical training on metabolic responses and its effects on offspring. METHODS: Three groups of rats (n = 7 in each group): sedentary pregnant rats (PS), exercised during pregnancy (PE) and pregnant rats trained before and during pregnancy (PT) were compared. They were separated into three subgroups regarding water temperature: 28°C, 35°C or 39°C. Plasma triglycerides and glucose levels, weight gain during pregnancy and rectal temperature pre and post exercise (swim), as well as the offspring size and weight were analysed. RESULTS: Rectal temperature post exercise was lower than pre exercise at 28°C and 35°C, and higher at 39°C. Weight gain was lower at 39°C for the PT group and at 35°C for the PT and PE groups compared to the PS group. Plasma glucose, at 28°C and 39°C for PS and PE groups, was higher than those obtained at 35°C, while triglycerides were lower. For trained rats, plasma glucose and triglycerides were similar at all water temperatures. Trained rats presented lower triglyceride values at 35°C, and higher triglyceride values at 39°C compared to PS group. Glucose presented inverse results. None of the groups presented fetal reabsorption. However, in the PS group, the offspring presented lower weight gain at 28°C than at 35°C and 39°C. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pre-pregnancy physical training induces steady values of triglycerides and glucose during exercise at all water temperatures.