Nonobese Young Females with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome have Nutritive Microvascular Dysfunction: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate nutritive microvascular function in young nonobese females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to correlate microvascular reactivity with sex steroids, inflammatory markers, and metabolic variables. METHODS: Fourteen nonobese females with PCOS (24.6 ± 2.7 years, body mass index [BMI] 23.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2) and 13 age- and BMI-matched controls (22.8 ± 2.3 years, 22.5 ± 3.4kg/m2) underwent anthropometric, hormonal, and microvascular evaluations. The main outcome measures were capillary density, red blood cell velocity (RBCV) at resting and peak during postocclusive reactive hyperemia (RBCVmax), and time taken to reach RBCVmax (TRBCVmax). RESULTS: Subjects with PCOS had lower RBCV and higher TRBCVmax compared to controls, respectively (0.237 [0.220-0.324] vs. 0.362 [0.297-0.382] mm/s, P<.01) and (5 [5-6] vs. 4 [3-5] s, P<.05]. The free androgen index (FAI) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) level were different between groups. FAI correlated to RBCVmax (ρ = -0.49, P<.05) and to TRBCVmax (ρ = 0.41, P<.05). SHBG correlated with RBCVmax (ρ = 0.52, P<.01) while estradiol (E2) levels correlated with RBCV (ρ = 0.80, P<.001) and RBCVmax (ρ = 0.46, P<.05). CONCLUSION: Microvascular dysfunction characterized by reduced RBCVmax and prolonged TRBCVmax was present in young, nonobese PCOS subjects. FAI was associated with observed impairments, suggesting a possible common mechanism linking sex hormones and microvascular dysfunction.

[Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy: attention to precocious diagnosis]. / Lipodistrofia parcial familiar do tipo Dunnigan: atenção ao diagnóstico precoce.

Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is an autosomal dominant disease that results from heterozygous missense mutations in LMNA, the gene that encodes nuclear lamin A/C. FPLD is characterized by a progressive disappearance of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the limbs, gluteal region, abdomen and trunk, beginning at the time of or after puberty, and excessive amount of fat in the face, chin, labia majora, and intra-abdominal region, leading to a Cushingoid appearance and increased muscularity phenotype. Affected women are particularly predisposed to insulin resistance and its complications, including features of polycystic ovary syndrome. To emphasize the importance of an early FPLD diagnosis, which is necessary to prevent serious metabolic disturbances, we report a woman diagnosed at about 50 years of age. Increased muscularity and significant labia majora fat deposit made the diagnosis possible by gynecologists.

Lipodistrofia parcial familiar do tipo Dunnigan: atenção ao diagnóstico precoce / Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy: attention to precocious diagnosis

A lipodistrofia parcial familiar tipo Dunnigan é uma doença autossômica dominante rara. Em sua forma clássica, é resultante de uma mutação missense heterozigótica no gene LMNA, que codifica a proteína nuclear denominada lâmina tipo A/C. Caracteriza-se pelo desaparecimento progressivo do tecido adiposo subcutâneo nos membros, região glútea, abdome e tronco, que se inicia na puberdade, acompanhado de acúmulo de gordura em outras áreas, como a face, queixo, grandes lábios e região intra-abdominal, conferindo o aspecto de hipertrofia muscular e simulando o fenótipo de síndrome de Cushing. Mulheres afetadas são particularmente predispostas à resistência à insulina e suas complicações, incluindo sinais da síndrome dos ovários policísticos. Com o objetivo de alertar para o diagnóstico precoce, que possibilita a adoção de medidas que minimizam os graves distúrbios metabólicos vinculados à desordem, relatamos o caso de uma paciente em que a investigação foi realizada somente ao final da quinta década de vida. A aparente hipertrofia muscular e o acentuado depósito de gordura nos grandes lábios possibilitam aos médicos ginecologistas a suspeita diagnóstica.

Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is an autosomal dominant disease that results from heterozygous missense mutations in LMNA, the gene that encodes nuclear lamin A/C. FPLD is characterized by a progressive disappearance of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the limbs, gluteal region, abdomen and trunk, beginning at the time of or after puberty, and excessive amount of fat in the face, chin, labia majora, and intra-abdominal region, leading to a Cushingoid appearance and increased muscularity phenotype. Affected women are particularly predisposed to insulin resistance and its complications, including features of polycystic ovary syndrome. To emphasize the importance of an early FPLD diagnosis, which is necessary to prevent serious metabolic disturbances, we report a woman diagnosed at about 50 years of age. Increased muscularity and significant labia majora fat deposit made the diagnosis possible by gynecologists.