Effect of BvAgNP on growth, development, and glyoxalase gene expression analysis in Mammillaria bombycina and Selenicereus undatus.

BACKGROUND: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in plant tissue culture as growth stimulants, promoting bud initiation, germination, and rooting. In prior studies, AgNPs were synthesized and characterized by green synthesis using extracts from Beta vulgaris var. cicla (BvAgNP), and their functionality as seed disinfectant and antimicrobial was verified. In this study, we evaluated the effect of BvAgNP on the growth and development of Mammillaria bombycina and Selenicereus undatus in vitro, as well as the expression of glyoxalase genes. METHODS: Explants from M. bombycina and S. undatus in vitro were treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/L of BvAgNP. After 90 days, morphological characteristics were evaluated, and the expression of glyoxalase genes was analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS: All treatments inhibited rooting for M. bombycina and no bud initiation was observed. S. undatus, showed a maximum response in rooting and bud generation at 25 mg/L of BvAgNP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results exhibited a higher number of vacuoles in stem cells treated with BvAgNP compared to the control for both species. Expression of glyoxalase genes in M. bombycina increased in all treatments, whereas it decreased for S. undatus, however, increasing in roots. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the effects of BvAgNP on the growth and development of M. bombycina and S. undatus, with the aim of proposing treatments that promote in vitro rooting and bud initiation.

Misleading images of ductal carcinoma in situ: 4 lymph nodes with metastasis / Imágenes equívocas de carcinoma ductal in situ: 4 ganglios linfáticos con metástasis

Since sentinel lymph node examination became routine, findings of benign ectopic breast tissue in lymph nodes have increased. We report images of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in four lymph nodes in a 76-year-old woman with bilateral breast carcinoma. The right lumpectomy showed intermixed invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma, plus DCIS. 19 nodes were isolated in the axillary lymphadenectomy, 4 of which displayed solid and cribriform DCIS. Myosin and p63 immunohistochemical techniques were positive, suggesting an erroneous diagnosis of “metastatic DCIS”. A further three cases of DCIS in lymph nodes have been previously reported, all with a distinct layer of myoepithelial cells with actin, myosin or p63. Biologically, these images of DCIS in lymph nodes are not credible and three major hypotheses have been proposed to explain these findings: Iatrogenic Mechanical Transport, Revertant DCIS, and primary DCIS of lymph nodes. We consider the first one the most plausible explanation. Our case is unique as several, rare findings are simultaneously observed. More new cases, together with additional immunohistochemical techniques and molecular testing on previous cases, are needed to find a definitive explanation of this histologic finding.(AU)

A partir del uso rutinario del examen del ganglio centinela, los hallazgos de tejido mamario ectópico son frecuentes. Presentamos los hallazgos de carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) en 4 ganglios linfáticos en una mujer de 76 años con carcinoma de mama bilateral. La lumpectomía derecha mostró una mezcla de patrones de carcinomas ductal y lobular infiltrante, además de CDIS. De los 19 ganglios aislados, 4 mostraron patrones cribiformes y sólidos de CDIS. La miosina y la p63 fueron positivas, sugiriendo un diagnóstico erróneo de «CDIS metastático». En la literatura se han comunicado 3 casos adicionales de patrones de CDIS en ganglios linfáticos, mostrando capa periférica de células mioepiteliales positivas para actina, miosina o p63. Desde un punto de vista biológico, estos hallazgos de CDIS en ganglios linfáticos son discutibles, proponiéndose 3 hipótesis para explicarlo: transporte mecánico yatrogénico, CDIS revertido y CDIS primario de ganglio linfático. Creemos que la primera alternativa es la más plausible. Nuestro caso es único al mostrar, de modo conjunto, diversos hallazgos infrecuentes. El estudio de nuevos casos, así como la aplicación de técnicas inmunohistoquímicas y moleculares a casos de archivo, arrojarían datos que permitirían llegar a una explicación definitiva de este hallazgo histológico.(AU)

Misleading images of ductal carcinoma in situ: 4 lymph nodes with metastasis.

Since sentinel lymph node examination became routine, findings of benign ectopic breast tissue in lymph nodes have increased. We report images of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in four lymph nodes in a 76-year-old woman with bilateral breast carcinoma. The right lumpectomy showed intermixed invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma, plus DCIS. 19 nodes were isolated in the axillary lymphadenectomy, 4 of which displayed solid and cribriform DCIS. Myosin and p63 immunohistochemical techniques were positive, suggesting an erroneous diagnosis of "metastatic DCIS". A further three cases of DCIS in lymph nodes have been previously reported, all with a distinct layer of myoepithelial cells with actin, myosin or p63. Biologically, these images of DCIS in lymph nodes are not credible and three major hypotheses have been proposed to explain these findings: Iatrogenic Mechanical Transport, Revertant DCIS, and primary DCIS of lymph nodes. We consider the first one the most plausible explanation. Our case is unique as several, rare findings are simultaneously observed. More new cases, together with additional immunohistochemical techniques and molecular testing on previous cases, are needed to find a definitive explanation of this histologic finding.

Indicaciones de autocuidado para el adulto mayor cuidador de niños: Una mirada desde enfermería / Self-Care Instructions for the Elder-Caregiver of Children: ALook from Nursing / Indicações de autocuidado para o idoso cuidador de crianças: Um olhar desde a enfermagem

Introducción: Según el informe de: "Envejecimiento demográfico. Colombia 1951-2020 dinámica demográfica y estructuras poblacionales", el grupo poblacional de personas mayores de 60 años es mayor que otros grupos poblacionales; este hecho plantea grandes retos para el profesional de enfermería que debe prepararse y contribuir para satisfacer las diferentes necesidades de salud de los adultos mayores, más aún si se tiene en cuenta que ellos se convierten en cuidadores de sus nietos de manera voluntaria o por compromiso, debido a los cambios en la estructura familiar dada por divorcios, migración, madres solteras, ingreso de la mujer a la vida educativa y laboral, entre otros, que han originado cambios en los roles familiares. Objetivo: Identificar cómo repercute el rol del cuidador de su nieto en la salud del adulto mayor que ejerce este papel, con el fin de evitar o prevenir las complicaciones ocasionadas por dicha tarea. Discusión: Este rol de cuidador implica aspectos positivos y negativos en la salud del adulto mayor; negativos como dejar en segundo plano su autocuidado y su vida social; y como efecto positivo sentimientos de satisfacción como sentirse útil y productivo. Conclusiones: Aunque la condición de salud del adulto mayor que ejerce el rol de cuidador de su nieto se ve afectada tanto positiva como negativamente, en este estudio se hace énfasis en el aspecto negativo porque se puede presentar mayor riesgo de problemas emocionales, cardiovasculares y osteomusculares, así como el empleo de estrategias para disminuir tales riesgos. [Quevedo-león L, Alvarado HR. Indicaciones de autocuidado para el adulto mayor cuidador de niños: Una mirada desde enfermería. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 362-367].

Introduction: According to the report: "Demographic aging. Colombia 1,951-2,020 population dynamics and population structures", the population group of people over 60 is older than other population groups; this fact poses great challenges for the nursing professional who must prepare and contribute to meet the different health needs of the elderly; even more so if it is taken into account that they become caregivers of their grandchildren voluntarily or by commitment due to changes in the family structure given by divorces, migration, single mothers, women's entry into educational and work life, among others, which have led to changes in family roles. Objective:To identify how the role of the caregiver of his/her grandchild affects the health of this elderly person who plays this role, in order to avoid or prevent complications caused by such task. Discussion: This caregiver role implies positive and negative aspects in the elderly's health; negative aspects such as leaving his/her self-care and social life behind, and positive ones such as feelings of satisfaction of feeling him/herself useful and productive. Conclusions: Although the health condition of the elderly person who plays the role of caregiver for his/her grandchild is affected both positively and negatively, this study lays emphasis on the negative aspect because there may be a greater risk of emotional, cardiovascular and osteomuscular problems, and also in the use of strategies to reduce such risks. [Quevedo-león L, Alvarado HR. Self-Care Instructions for the Elder-Caregiver of Children: A Look from Nursing. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 362-367].

Introdução: De acordo com o relatório: "envelhecimento demográfico. Colômbia 1951-2020 dinâmicas demográficas e estruturas populacionais", a população com mais de 60 anos é maior do que outros. Esse fato, coloca grandes desafios para o profissional de enfermagem que deve preparar e contribuir para atender as diferentes necessidades de saúde dos idosos, ainda mais se se considera que eles se tornam cuidadores de seus netos voluntariamente ou por compromisso, devido à mudanças na estrutura familiar dada por divórcios, migração, mães solteiras, entrada de mulheres na vida estudantil e profissional, entre outras, que mudam os papéis na estrutura das familias. Objetivo: Identificar, como o cuidado de seu neto, afeta a saúde do adulto mais velho que exerce esse papel, a fim de evitar ou prevenir as complicações causadas por esta tarefa. Discussão: Este papel do cuidador implica aspectos positivos e negativos na saúde dos idosos; negativa como deixando em segundo plano seu autocuidado e sua vida social; e como um efeito positivo, sentimentos de satisfação, como sentir-se útil e produtivo. Conclusões: Embora o estado de saúde do adulto mais velho que desempenha o papel de cuidador para seu neto seja afetado de forma positiva e negativa, neste estudo o aspecto negativo é enfatizado porque pode haver maior risco de problemas emocionais, cardiovasculares e músculo-esqueléticos, bem como o uso de estratégias para reduzir esses riscos. [Quevedo-león L, Alvarado HR. Indicações de autocuidado para o idoso cuidador de crianças: Um olhar desde a enfermagem. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 362-367].

Suicide behavior and associated psychosocial factors among adolescents in Campeche, Mexico.

Suicide is an important public health problem that requires a preventive approach. The present study aimed at assessing suicidal behaviors and their relations with other psychosocial factors in Campeche, Mexico, in order to inform the design of potential preventive interventions. A multistage probability sample of 2386 students representative of all middle schools of the state of Campeche, Mexico, took a standardized, paper-and-pencil survey covering selected psychosocial constructs including suicide behavior, depression, drug use, familial relationships, locus of control, impulsivity, and self-esteem, among others. Latent classes were identified and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze associations between class membership and psychosocial covariates. An estimated 8% of the middle school population in Campeche had three or more psychosocial problems in the past month including drug use, major depression episode symptoms, as well as suicidal problems like attempts and self-inflicted injuries. Four latent classes were identified, one with lowest risk and three with varying characteristics in terms of binge alcohol and other drug use, depression, and suicide behaviors. Associations between psychosocial covariates and latent class were observed, as predicted based on a multi-dimensional theoretical framework. Heterogeneity across "High-Risk" groups and their potential determinants highlight the need for differentiated, specialized efforts ranging from universal to indicated interventions. Given the high level of risk factors in this population, universal preventive interventions should aim at building resiliency among youth by helping them develop an array of coping resources, as well as by creating a more nurturing psychosocial environment.

La relación entre la centralidad urbana y los atropellamientos en Ciudad Juárez, México / A Relação entre a Centralidade Urbana e os Atropelamentos em Cidade Juárez, México / The Relationship Between Urban Hierarchy and Pedestrian Injury Collisions in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

Objetivo: Evaluar la relación espacial y estadística entre los usos de suelo comercial y de servicios y los atropellamientos en Ciudad Juárez. Método: Estudio longitudinal que utiliza datos de la Dirección General de Tránsito Municipal de Ciudad Juárez del 2008 al 2011. Se identifican las intersecciones de mayor riesgo mediante el análisis espacial. Se construyó una base de datos socioeconómicos y se realiza una correlación de Spearman para conocer la relación que existe entre las variables: atropellados y concentración de actividades productivas. Resultados: Se obtuvieron ocho zonas de análisis de tránsito. Los resultados indican que hay más riesgo de ser atropellado donde se presenta una mayor densidad de empleo en servicios y comercio, así como para la población de 60 años y más. Conclusiones: Existe un alto riesgo de atropellamientos en las zonas con alta jerarquía intraurbana asociadas con usos de suelo con vocación al comercio y servicios. La densidad de atropellamientos es mayor a lo largo de las principales vialidades urbanas.

Objective: To assess the spatial and statistical relationships between commercial land uses and pedestrian injury collisions in Ciudad Juárez. Method: Cross sectional study using data from the Municipal Transit Police from 2008 to 2011. Increased risk intersections are identified by spatial analysis. A socio-economic database and Spearman correlation were constructed to know the relationship between the variables: ran over and concentration of productive activities. Results: Eight traffic analysis zones were obtained. The results indicate that there is more risk of being hit where there is a higher density of employment in services and shops, as well as for over 60 years old people. Conclusions: There is a high risk of collisions in areas with high intra-urban hierarchy associated with land uses with a vocation to shops and services. The density of collisions is higher along major urban roads.

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação espacial e estatística entre os usos de solo comercial e de serviços e os atropelamentos em Cidade Juarez. Método: Estudo longitudinal que utiliza dados da Direção Geral de Trânsito Municipal de Cidade Juarez de 2008 até 2011. Identificaram se as intersecções de maior risco mediante a análise espacial. Construiu uma base de dados socioeconômicos e se realiza uma correlação de Spearman para conhecer a relação que existe entre as variáveis: atropelados e concentração de atividades produtivas. Resultados: Obtiveram se oito zonas de análise de trânsito. Os resultados indicam que há mais risco de ser atropelado onde se apresenta uma maior densidade de emprego em serviços e comercio, assim como para a povoação de 60 anos e mais. Conclusões: Existe um alto risco de atropelamentos nas zonas com alta jerarquia intra-urbanas associadas com usos de solo com vocação ao comercio e serviços. A densidade de atropelamentos é maior ao longo das principais viabilidades urbanas.

Importancia de la sexualidad en el adulto mayor: una mirada desde el cuidado de enfermería / Importance of sexuality in the elderly: a view from the nursing care

La sexualidad se encuentra presente en todo ser humano y permanece a lo largo de la vida, tema que toma poca importancia cuando el cuidado de enfermería es dirigido al adulto mayor. La atención en salud sexual está orientada a la población joven y se deja de lado este grupo que, como lo muestran las estadísticas poblacionales, es cada vez mayor.En el presente artículo se reflexiona en torno a los factores físicos y psicosociales, ventajas y riesgos de la sexualidad en el adulto mayor y mitos del profesional de enfermería con respecto a este tema. Desde el cuidado de enfermería brindado a esta población, se debe fortalecer la sexualidad plena y saludable, para lo cual el profesional de enfermería debe contar con una mejor preparación.

Sexuality is present in every human being and remains throughout life, taking minor importance when nursing care is directed to the elderly. Sexual health care is aimed at young people and ignores the elderly group that according to the population statistics is growing.This article reflects on the physical and psychosocial factors, advantages and risks of sexuality in the elderly, and the myths of the nursing professionals regarding this topic. From the nursing care provided to this population, full and healthy sexuality should be strengthened, for which the nursing professional must have a better preparation.

Naturally occurring hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants with primary resistance to antiviral therapy and S-mutants with potential primary resistance to adefovir in Argentina.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants may either emerge in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) as a result of positive selection pressure exerted by their own immune response, or during therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). Naturally occurring HBV variants with primary antiviral resistance are rarely observed. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the (eventual) circulation of HBV variants with natural resistance to NAs currently used as therapy for CHB in Argentina. This study reports 13 cases of CHB-infected patients with natural antiviral resistance to at least one NA. Five of them were also carriers of S-variants that might escape the humoral immune system recognition with potential resistance to adefovir. In addition to the already reported A2 HBV subgenotype association to NAs natural resistance, E and F genotypes association to such resistance is described for the first time. These findings suggest that sequence analysis of the HBV reverse transcriptase might be an essential tool before starting antiviral therapy, in order to choose the proper NAs for optimizing the therapeutic management of chronically infected patients. Moreover, the circulation and transmission of S-mutants with resistance to such antiviral drugs should be of public health concern as they may represent an additional risk for the community.

Sentimientos de la mujer ante la presencia de su pareja durante el trabajo de parto / Feelings of the woman relationship with the presence of her husband during obstetric labor

El presente artículo es producto de una investigaciónrealizada en la ciudad de Bogotá en el año de 1.995,como producto de una maestría en enfermería en elárea de salud familiar. La investigación utiliza un diseño de tipo cualitativo y dentro de sus formas la fenomenológica. Se tiene un total de ocho mujeres incluidas en la investigación; quienes dieron su consentimiento y les fue informado en que consistía el estudio. Los datos se organizaron en dimensiones surgidas del propósito de la investigación a través de la observación y la entrevista, en las que se contienen frases descritas en términos exactos dados por la mujer y que directamente hicieron parte del fenómeno. En la fase final del análisis se tuvo en cuenta el contexto para comprender la información. Se identificaron las unidades de análisis y su significado, consideradascomo el enunciado general de hechos y desarrolladasmediante el estudio cuidadoso de los datos recolectados.

Detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E carried--even in the presence of high titers of anti-HBs antibodies--by an Argentinean patient of African descent who had received vaccination against HBV.

Genotype E hepatitis B virus (HBV) was detected in two Argentine sisters exhibiting an African mitochondrial lineage. One of them (who had been vaccinated against HBV) exhibited anti-HBs cocirculating antibodies without HBsAg escape mutants, while her unvaccinated sister showed a D144A HBsAg escape mutant without anti-HBs antibodies. Both sisters carried an unusual L209V substitution within HBsAg.

Efecto de la suplementación con triptófano en codornices (Coturnix coturnix Japónesa) / Effect of tryptophan suplementation in quails (coturnix coturnix Japónesa)

Se estudió el comportamiento y parámetros productivos de 288 codornices (Coturnix Coturnix Japónica) en una granja comercial suplementadas con triptófano como precursor del neurotransmisor serotonina. Se utilizaron niveles de 0 (T1), 1.25 mg/día (T2) y 2.5 mg/día (T3). El grupo control presentó un mayor número de aves (P<0.05) con posición agresiva ante un estímulo externo, comprobándose con este estudio que el triptófano reduce la agresión y estabiliza el comportamiento social. Igualmente, el número de aves con dorso desplumado fue superior en el grupo testigo. Durante el período evaluado se presentó un mejor peso del huevo, mejor conversión de alimento y mayor ganancia de peso de los grupos suplementados con triptófano. Demostrándose claramente el efecto positivo del triptófano sobre el comportamiento agresivo de la codorniz y parámetros productivos

Prevalencia de infección por VIH en la experiencia del CePAD del Hospital Ramos Mejía / Infection prevalence by VIH in the experience of the CePAD of the Ramos Mejía Hospital

Como resultado de un estudio observacional retrospectivo se describen características demográficas de la población que concurrió al Centro de Prevención, Asesoramiento y Diagnóstico (CePAD) del Hospital Ramos Mejía de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, y que funciona desde Noviembre de 2001. Los datos relevados son prevalencia de infección por VIH y de otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual, fuente de conocimiento del CePAD, y utilización del recurso

Prevalencia de infección por VIH en la experiencia del CePAD del Hospital Ramos Mejía / Infection prevalence by VIH in the experience of the CePAD of the Ramos Mejía Hospital

Como resultado de un estudio observacional retrospectivo se describen características demográficas de la población que concurrió al Centro de Prevención, Asesoramiento y Diagnóstico (CePAD) del Hospital Ramos Mejía de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, y que funciona desde Noviembre de 2001. Los datos relevados son prevalencia de infección por VIH y de otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual, fuente de conocimiento del CePAD, y utilización del recurso