Mordeduras de perro. Análisis epidemiológico (2011-2018) y estrategias preventivas / Dog bites. Epidemiological analysis (2011-2018) and preventive strategies

Introducción: las mordeduras de perro en niños constituyen una causa importante de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este estudio es describir características epidemiológicas y clínicas de estos incidentes en pacientes pediátricos de nuestro entorno, así como aportar medidas de prevención para disminuir la incidencia. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo a partir de pacientes atendidos por mordedura de perro durante un periodo de nueve años en un hospital de tercer nivel. Se recogieron variables demográficas, raza de perro, localización de lesiones, relación entre perro y niño, tratamiento recibido y secuelas. Resultados: se registraron 236 pacientes, con una edad media de siete años. La mayoría de las agresiones se produjeron en los meses de primavera y verano. En el 76% de los casos el perro era conocido. Solo el 10% de los ataques fueron por perros considerados peligrosos. El 51% de las lesiones se localizaron en la cabeza y el cuello y el 40% en las extremidades. Se indicó profilaxis antibiótica en el 90%. Un 5% requirió ingreso. Se describieron secuelas estéticas y psicológicas en un 15% y 10%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: las mordeduras de perro siguen siendo un motivo de consulta en urgencias pediátricas, siendo los menores de seis años los más afectados. El perro agresor es en la mayoría de los casos del entorno familiar y de raza considerada no peligrosa. La persistencia de estos incidentes debe hacer adoptar medidas preventivas que ayuden a concienciar a la población y así disminuir la frecuencia y gravedad de estas lesiones (AU)

Introduction: dog bites in children continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of our study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these accidents in the paediatric population of our area and to propose preventive strategies to reduce their incidence. Material and methods: we conducted a retrospective study of patients that received care for dog bites in a tertiary care hospital over an 8-year period. We collected data on demographic variables, dog breeds, sites of injury, the relationship between the dog and the child, the treatment received and sequelae. Results: we identified 236 patients, with a mean age of 7 years. Most attacks occurred in spring or summer. In 76% of cases, the child was acquainted with the dog. Only 10% of attacks involved breeds considered potentially dangerous. Fifty-one percent of injuries were in the head or neck and 40% in the extremities. Antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed in 90% of cases. Five percent required admission. Cosmetic sequelae were documented in 15% of patients and psychological sequelae in 10%. Conclusions: dog bites continue to be a reason for seeking emergency care in the paediatric population, and they are most frequent in children aged less than 6 years. In most cases, the attacking dog was a family pet of a breed not considered dangerous. The persistence of these incidents calls for the implementation of preventive measures to raise awareness in the population and thus reduce the frequency and severity of these injuries (AU)

[The most prevalent environmental risk factors in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infants from 0 to 24 months in a seasonal study performed in two hospitals]. / Factores de riesgo más prevalentes en las bronquiolitis por virus respiratorio sincitial en lactantes de 0 a 24 meses.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to describe the environmental aspects of children between 0 and 24 months, who arrived in the Emergency Department of the Hospital General de Cataluña and Hospital Parc Tauli (both within Barcelona province), and were diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis from November 2010 to February 2011. METHOD: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on children of both sexes, with ages from 0 to 24 months, and diagnosed with bronchiolitits respiratory syncytial virus +. Data was obtained by completing a non-validated questionnaire, with information provided by parents and the medical history. RESULTS: The most common features in the study were: a mean age of 3.8 months, most were males, with siblings of school age, mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy, were in a non-smoking environment in their home, and finally, less than 5 people living together in their home. CONCLUSIONS: The most common risk factors n order of prevalence were, having siblings of school age, male sex, and living in smoking environment. It was observed that the majority of children had risk associated factors associated, with only 8.2% of samples not presenting any risk factors.

Factores de riesgo más prevalentes en las bronquiolitis por virus respiratorio sincitial en lactantes de 0 a 24 meses / The most prevalent environmental risk factors in respiratory suncytial virus bronchiolitis in infants from 0 to 24 months in a seasonal study performed in two hospitals

Objetivo Describir las características ambientales de los niños de 0 a 24 meses que acuden al servicio de urgencias pediátricas del hospital General de Cataluña y el hospital Parc Taulí (ambos hospitales de la provincia de Barcelona) y que son diagnosticados de bronquiolitis por virus respiratorio sincitial durante el periodo comprendido entre noviembre de 2010 y febrero de 2011. Método Se ha realizado un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, con una muestra de 97 niños con edades comprendidas entre los 0 y los 24 meses, siendo indiferente el sexo, diagnosticados de bronquiolitis con virus respiratorio sincitial positivo. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante un cuestionario no validado que se cumplimentó con la información que facilitaron los padres y con datos de la historia clínica. Resultados La media de edad de los participantes fue de 3,8 meses; el 53,6% (52) pertenecía al sexo masculino. El 57,8% (56) tenía hermanos en edad escolar. El 80,4% (78) de las madres no fumó durante el embarazo y el 32% (31) tenía un entorno fumador en su domicilio. La media de personas que cohabitaban en el domicilió fue de 3,8 personas; en el 49,5% (48) cohabitaban 4 personas y en el 34% (33) 3. Conclusiones Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes en este estudio han sido, en primer lugar, tener hermanos en edad escolar, seguido del sexo masculino y, en tercer lugar, el entorno fumador. Encontramos una gran mayoría de niños encuestados que tienen factores de riesgo asociados, ya que solo un 8,2% no presentaba ningún factor de riesgo (AU)

Objective Our aim is to describe the environmental aspects of children between 0 and 24 months, who arrived in the Emergency Department of the Hospital General de Cataluña and Hospital Parc Tauli (both within Barcelona province), and were diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis from November 2010 to February 2011. Method A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on children of both sexes, with ages from 0 to 24 months, and diagnosed with bronchiolitits respiratory syncytial virus +. Data was obtained by completing a non-validated questionnaire, with information provided by parents and the medical history. Results The most common features in the study were: a mean age of 3.8 months, most were males, with siblings of school age, mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy, were in a non-smoking environment in their home, and finally, less than 5 people living together in their home. Conclusions The most common risk factors n order of prevalence were, having siblings of school age, male sex, and living in smoking environment. It was observed that the majority of children had risk associated factors associated, with only 8.2% of samples not presenting any risk factors (AU)