Asociación de las conductas de riesgo en adolescentes. Estrategias para su prevención / Association of adolescent risk behaviors. Prevention strategies

OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL: Analizar la asociación de conductas de riesgo para la salud en el marco de la Teoría de la Conducta Problema. METODOLOGÍA: 524 adolescentes (Medad=16,7; DT = 1,6) cumplimentaron un cuestionario online. Mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio se estudiaron seis conductas: borracheras, consumos de tabaco y hachís, búsqueda de sensaciones, sexo sin protección y comportamiento vial inseguro. RESULTADOS PRINCIPALES: En la adolescencia intermedia (edades 16-17) la agrupación resultó compatible con la dimensión "no convencionalidad" identificada por Jessor. Su prevalencia aumentó al finalizar la educación obligatoria. CONCLUSIÓN: Esta agrupación aconseja la prevención simultánea de dichas conductas. Dado que estos comportamientos ayudan a los adolescentes a ganar autonomía personal y relacionarse con sus iguales, su prevención no debe limitarse a informar sobre los riesgos que ocasionan. Promover conductas prosociales (p.ej., participar en la vida escolar y comunitaria) puede ayudar a los adolescentes a vivir de manera saludable su transición evolutiva

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of health risk behaviors in the framework of the Problem Behavior Theory. METHODS: 524 adolescents (Mage= 16.7, SD = 1.6) completed an online questionnaire. Through Exploratory Factor Analysis, six behaviors were studied: drunkenness, tobacco and hashish use, sensation-seeking, unsafe sex andunsafe road behavior. RESULTS: From middle adolescence (ages 16-17), behavioral grouping was consistent with "unconventionality" dimension identified by Jessor. Its prevalence increased at the end of compulsory education. CONCLUSION: This grouping suggests the simultaneous prevention of such behaviors. Since these behaviors help adolescents gain personal autonomy and relate to their friends, their prevention should not be limited to reporting the risks that cause. Promoting prosocial behaviors (eg, participating in school and community life) can help adolescents to live their development stage in a healthy way

Factores predictores de deterioro cognitivo en población mayor de 64 años institucionalizada y no institucionalizada / Predictors of cognitive impairment in population over 64 years institutionalized and non-institutionalized

OBJETIVO: Describir los factores que puedan asociarse con deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores institucionalizadas y no institucionalizadas. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal a 200 personas mayores de 64 años en Huelva (España) en 2014. De ellas, 100 personas estaban institucionalizadas en un centro residencial y 100 no institucionalizadas. Se evaluó el deterioro cognitivo mediante el Mini-Mental State Examination (Mec-35), las actividades básicas para la vida diaria mediante el índice de Barthel, la salud general a través del Goldberg GHQ-28 y variables de tipo social, clínico y conductual. Se analizó asociación del deterioro cognitivo con todas las variables mediante ji cuadrado. Finalmente se realizó un análisis multivariante mediante regresión logística, para identificar la asociación conjunta de las variables a estudio con el deterioro cognitivo. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo en institucionalizados fue del 47%, superior a la de los no institucionalizados que fue del 8% (p< 0,001). La dependencia para las actividades básicas para la vida diaria y las actividades didácticas fueron las únicas variables que en ambos grupos se asociaron con el deterioro cognitivo. La institucionalización (OR= 5,368), la edad (OR= 1,066) y la dependencia para las actividades básicas para la vida diaria (OR= 5,036), se asociaron de forma negativa con el deterioro cognitivo, mientras que las actividades didácticas (OR= 0,227) se asociaron de forma positiva. CONCLUSIONES: La realización de actividades didácticas y el fomento de la autonomía personal puede retrasar la aparición del deterioro cognitivo. Es importante incluir programas de estimulación cognitiva dirigidos a la población mayor, especialmente en las instituciones residenciales

AIM: Describe the factors which can be associated with cognitive impairment in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. Method: Cross-sectional study of 200 people aged over 64 in Huelva (Spain) in 2014. Of these, 100 people were institutionalized in a residential facility and 100 were not. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-35), basic activities of daily living by Barthel index, general health through the Goldberg GHQ-28 and social, clinical and behavioural variables were contemplated in the study. The association of cognitive impairment with all the variables was analysed using Chi-square test. Finally, a multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to identify possible joint influence of variables to study on the cognitive impairment. RESULTS: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in those institutionalized was 47%, higher than that of non-institutionalized group which was only 8% (p < .001). The dependence for basic activities for daily living and learning activities were the only variables in both groups which were associated with the cognitive impairment. Institutionalization (OR = 5.368), age (OR = 1.066) and dependence for basic activities (OR = 5.036) were negatively associated with CI, while learning activities (OR = .227) were associated in a positive way. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting learning activities and the promotion of personal autonomy can delay cognitive impairment in older people. It is important to include cognitive stimulation programs aimed at the old population, especially in residential institutions

[Predictors of cognitive impairment in population over 64 years institutionalized and non-institutionalized]. / Factores predictores de deterioro cognitivo en población mayor de 64 años institucionalizada y no institucionalizada.

AIM: Describe the factors which can be associated with cognitive impairment in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. METHOD: Cross-sectional study of 200 people aged over 64 in Huelva (Spain) in 2014. Of these, 100 people were institutionalized in a residential facility and 100 were not. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-35), basic activities of daily living by Barthel index, general health through the Goldberg GHQ-28 and social, clinical and behavioural variables were contemplated in the study. The association of cognitive impairment with all the variables was analysed using Chi-square test. Finally, a multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to identify possible joint influence of variables to study on the cognitive impairment. RESULTS: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in those institutionalized was 47%, higher than that of non-institutionalized group which was only 8% (p<.001). The dependence for basic activities for daily living and learning activities were the only variables in both groups which were associated with the cognitive impairment. Institutionalization (OR=5.368), age (OR=1.066) and dependence for basic activities (OR=5.036) were negatively associated with CI, while learning activities (OR=.227) were associated in a positive way. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting learning activities and the promotion of personal autonomy can delay cognitive impairment in older people. It is important to include cognitive stimulation programs aimed at the old population, especially in residential institutions.

Service climate as a mediator of organizational empowerment in customer-service employees

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of the service climate between organizational empowerment (i.e., dynamic structural framework, control of workplace decisions, fluidity in information sharing) and service quality (functional and relational). 428 contact employees from 46 hotels participated in the survey. Correlations demonstrated that dynamic structural framework, control decisions, and fluidity in information sharing are related to both functional and relational service quality. Regression analyses and Sobel tests revealed that service climate totally mediated the relationship between all three dimensions of organizational empowerment and relational service quality. Implications for practice and future research are discussed (AU)

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Service climate as a mediator of organizational empowerment in customer-service employees.

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of the service climate between organizational empowerment (i.e., dynamic structural framework, control of workplace decisions, fluidity in information sharing) and service quality (functional and relational). 428 contact employees from 46 hotels participated in the survey. Correlations demonstrated that dynamic structural framework, control decisions, and fluidity in information sharing are related to both functional and relational service quality. Regression analyses and Sobel tests revealed that service climate totally mediated the relationship between all three dimensions of organizational empowerment and relational service quality. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Evidencias de validez de la adaptación española de la Organizational Empowerment Scale / Validity evidence of the spanish adaptation of the Organizational Empowerment Scale

El objetivo del estudio es presentar evidencias de validez de la adaptación al castellano de la Escala de Empowerment Organizacional (OES) de Matthews, Diaz y Cole (2003). La muestra empleada estuvo compuesta por 305 empleados de establecimientos hoteleros. Se investigó la fiabilidad de la escala y su estructura factorial (análisis factorial confirmatorio), y las relaciones del empowerment con satisfacción laboral y burnout. Los resultados revelaron una estructura multidimensional de tres factores primarios,una relación significativa y positiva entre empowerment organizacional y satisfacción laboral, y una relación significativa y negativa con burnout. Se incluyen interpretaciones y sugerencias para estudios futuros (AU)

This paper presents validity evidences for the use of Spanish version of the Organizational Empowerment Scale (OES ) (Matthews, Diaz & Cole, 2003). The sample consisted of 305 employees fromSpanish hotels. Reliability and factor structure (confirmatory factor analysis) of the scale were investigated. Results showed a multidimensional scale of three first-order factors, positive relations between organizational empowerment and job satisfaction and negative relations between organizational empowerment and burnout. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions of further research are made (AU)