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1.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 39(135): 193-214, ene.-jun. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186388

RESUMO

La prevención del suicidio es uno de los puntos principales y más controvertidos en las políticas de salud que se han desarrollado en la última década. Nuestro objetivo es revisar, desde una perspectiva crítica, las estrategias preventivas que se han propuesto y las limitaciones que aparecen en su diseño, implementación y efectividad, así como reflexionar sobre las consecuencias potencialmente iatrogénicas de estas intervenciones y recomendar otros abordajes más integradores de la cuestión


Suicide prevention is one of the main and most controversial points within health policies developed in the last decade. Our aim is to review, from a critical perspective, the available preventive strategies and the limitations we encounter in terms of design, implementation and effectiveness, as well as to reflect on the potentially iatrogenic consequences of these interventions and recommend other approaches, more integrative, to this question


Assuntos
Humanos , Suicídio/prevenção & controle , 55790 , Transtornos Mentais/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas , Medicalização/tendências , Fatores de Risco
2.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment ; 6(4): 160-167, oct.-dic. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-116212

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar y comparar la cognición social en pacientes con esquizofrenia, familiares de primer grado y controles sanos. Estudiar la relación que guarda la cognición social con la cognición no social, la psicopatología y otras variables clínicas y sociodemográficas. Método: La muestra total la formaron pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia paranoide (n = 29), familiares sanos de primer grado (n = 21) y controles (n = 28). Todos los grupos fueron evaluados con un cuestionario ad hoc y la Escala de Cognición Social que evalúa los dominios: procesamiento emocional, percepción social y estilo atribucional en la población española. El grupo de pacientes fue evaluado también con la Escala para el Síndrome Positivo y Negativo de la Esquizofrenia y el Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo. Los datos fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Resultados: Los pacientes puntuaron significativamente peor en todos los dominios de la cognición social evaluados en comparación con los controles y en el dominio estilo atribucional en comparación con los familiares. El tipo de psicopatología correlacionó de forma negativa y estadísticamente significativa con dominios diferentes de la cognición social: la sintomatología negativa con el procesamiento emocional y el estilo atribucional y la sintomatología positiva con la percepción social. Las puntuaciones en la cognición básica correlacionaron de forma positiva y estadísticamente significativa con los dominios percepción social y estilo atribucional. Conclusión: La cognición social se ha convertido en un interesante objeto de estudio, especialmente por la relación que guarda con la cognición no social, la psicopatología y el funcionamiento global de los pacientes, aportando nuevos elementos a considerar en la detección precoz, el tratamiento integral y la rehabilitación psicosocial de los pacientes. Su conceptualización como variable de rasgo y la consideración de la existencia de un continuum entre pacientes y familiares son hipótesis plausibles que requieren mayor investigación (AU)


Aim: To evaluate and compare the social cognition in patients with schizophrenia, healthy first-degree relatives and controls, by studying the relationship between social cognition and nonsocial cognition, psychopathology, and other clinical and sociodemographic variables. Method: The total sample was comprised of patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (N = 29), healthy first-degree relatives (N = 21) and controls (N = 28). All groups were assessed with an ad hoc questionnaire and a Social Cognition Scale, which assessed the domains: emotional processing, social perception and attributional style in a Spanish population. The patient group was also assessed with the Scale for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Minimental state examination. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 15.0. Results: Patients scored significantly worse in all domains of social cognition assessed, compared with controls, and mastery attributional style, compared with relatives. The type of psychopathology correlated negatively and statistically significantly with different domains of social cognition: negative symptoms with emotional processing and attributional style, and positive symptoms with social perception. Basic cognition scores correlated positively and statistically significantly with the domains social perception and attributional style. Conclusion: Social cognition has become an interesting object of study, especially in how it relates to non-social cognition, psychopathology and global functioning of patients, bringing new elements to be considered in the early detection, comprehensive treatment and psychosocial rehabilitation of patients. Its conceptualization as trait variable, the consideration of the existence of a continuum between patients and relatives are plausible hypotheses that require further research(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cognição/fisiologia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Psicopatologia/métodos , Psicopatologia/tendências , Família/psicologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/normas , Pesquisa/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisa/normas , Dissonância Cognitiva , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Ciência Cognitiva/métodos
3.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment ; 6(4): 160-7, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23332205

RESUMO

AIM: To evaluate and compare the social cognition in patients with schizophrenia, healthy first-degree relatives and controls, by studying the relationship between social cognition and nonsocial cognition, psychopathology, and other clinical and sociodemographic variables. METHOD: The total sample was comprised of patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (N = 29), healthy first-degree relatives (N = 21) and controls (N = 28). All groups were assessed with an ad hoc questionnaire and a Social Cognition Scale, which assessed the domains: emotional processing, social perception and attributional style in a Spanish population. The patient group was also assessed with the Scale for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Mini-mental state examination. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 15.0. RESULTS: Patients scored significantly worse in all domains of social cognition assessed, compared with controls, and mastery attributional style, compared with relatives. The type of psychopathology correlated negatively and statistically significantly with different domains of social cognition: negative symptoms with emotional processing and attributional style, and positive symptoms with social perception. Basic cognition scores correlated positively and statistically significantly with the domains social perception and attributional style. CONCLUSION: Social cognition has become an interesting object of study, especially in how it relates to non-social cognition, psychopathology and global functioning of patients, bringing new elements to be considered in the early detection, comprehensive treatment and psychosocial rehabilitation of patients. Its conceptualization as trait variable, the consideration of the existence of a continuum between patients and relatives are plausible hypotheses that require further research.


Assuntos
Cognição , Família , Esquizofrenia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Percepção Social , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
4.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Ed. impr.) ; 13(4): 127-135, jun.-jul. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048847

RESUMO

Los pacientes esquizofrénicos tienen una tasa estandarizada de mortalidad que duplica la esperada para el resto de la población. Gran parte de la morbimortalidad en estos pacientes se debe a enfermedades cardiovasculares. El síndrome metabólico tiene una alta prevalencia entre los esquizofrénicos y puede aumentar entre 2 y 4 veces el riesgo coronario. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar un análisis de las escasas publicaciones sobre la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en los pacientes esquizofrénicos y de las variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, clínicas y psicofarmacológicas que se relacionan con él. Se evidencia en la mayoría de las publicaciones una elevada prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en pacientes con esquizofrenia, por lo que la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de sus componentes son un objetivo fundamental para disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular en estos sujetos


Schizophrenic patients have a standardized mortality rate that more than doubles the expected rate for the rest of the population. A substantial percentage of the morbidity and mortality in these patients is due to cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among schizophrenics and produces a 2-4-fold increase in coronary risk. The objective of the present study was to analyze the few reports published on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients and on the associated sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and psychopharmacological variables. Most reports concur on the high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients and, therefore, the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of its components is essential to reduce cardiovascular risk in these individuals


Assuntos
Humanos , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Transversais
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