RESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar si existe asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal en las gestantes y el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus gestacional durante su embarazo. Materiales y métodos: La presente revisión se realizó en base a las directrices de la declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA). Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en cuatro bases de datos: MEDLINE (vía PubMed), Cochrane Library, Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron todos los trabajos encontrados hasta marzo del 2021. Los estudios que resultaron elegibles fueron evaluados a través de la escala de Newcastle-Ottawa en cuanto a su calidad metodológica. Resultados: De 161 estudios resultaron elegibles un total de 8 estudios, 3 de tipo caso-control, 2 de tipo transversal y 3 de tipo cohorte. En la mayoría de los estudios se verificó una asociación entre EP y DMG. Conclusión: La enfermedad periodontal aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus gestacional. Es necesario realizar más estudios con diferentes diseños, enfoque multicéntrico y distintas poblaciones para profundizar esta asociación.(AU)
Aim: To determine whether there is an association between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus during their pregnancy. Objetive: To determine if there is an association between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus during her pregnancy Methods: The present systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic data bases were searched: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science, through February 2021. Eligible studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: From 161 studies, 8 were eligible: 3 case-control, 2 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies. Most of the studies supported an association between periodontitis and GDM. Conclusion: Periodontitis is associated with increased risk for GDM compared to woman without periodontitis. Future robust studies with different designs in distinct populations are needed to enlarge on these findings.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Diabetes Gestacional , Doenças Periodontais , Hiperglicemia , Complicações na Gravidez , Gestantes , Ginecologia , Obstetrícia , Unidade Hospitalar de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D has important functions outside of bone metabolism. Deficiency has been associated with several adverse outcomes during pregnancy such as preeclampsia and prematurity. There is an increasing body of literature on this topic with studies performed to date having produced contradictory results. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the literature about vitamin D deficiency and its association with preeclampsia and prematurity in order to determine if maternal vitamin D insufficiency and/or deficiency during pregnancy is associated with the prevalence of preeclampsia and prematurity. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and interventional studies. METHODS: Two independent researchers reviewed the included studies according to PRISMA reporting guidelines. A protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number: "CRD42019136318". Three electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science); were searched in order to identify eligible studies. Observational and interventional studies were selected which had been published in the last 6 years, and analysed the association between maternal vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and the development of preeclampsia and/or preterm birth. Data were extracted and presented in tables and figures. Fixed and random-effects meta-analyses were performed on the studies which provided enough sample data to calculate odds ratios. Results from both statistical methods were compared. Meta-analysis cut-off points for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were defined as <75nmol/L and <50nmol/L, respectively. RESULTS: Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Fixed-effects meta-analysis of the interventional studies indicated that vitamin D supplementation acts as a prevention factor for preeclampsia and prematurity. Fixed-effects meta-analysis of observational studies concluded that vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are associated with a higher risk of developing preeclampsia. However, prematurity and vitamin D were only associated when maternal vitamin D concentrations was <75 nmol/L. Random-effects meta-analysis found no significant association between vitamin D, preeclampsia and prematurity in either observational or interventional studies. CONCLUSION: Higher vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy could be associated with a decreased risk of preeclampsia and prematurity but statistical significance of associations depends on the study design used. Well-designed clinical trials with vitamin D supplementation are needed in order to better define associations.
