[Locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer: Identification of barriers and levers of patients' pathway in France]. / Cancer de la vessie localement avancé ou métastatique : identification des freins et leviers du parcours des patients en France.

INTRODUCTION: Bladder cancer is currently ranked as the 8th most common cancer in France. However, the patient care pathway for this cancer is still not well known. METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted with fifteen healthcare professionals, ten patients, and five family caregivers between November 2020 and March 2021. The objectives of this survey were to identify the major steps in the care pathway according to the medical, emotional and societal dimensions, for patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer, the associated barriers, and the initiatives to be implemented to improve it. RESULTS: Several barriers were identified at different stages of the overall care pathway, including lack of knowledge of risk factors and warning signs of the disease by the general population and some healthcare professionals, difficulties linked to the announcement consultation, lack of psychological support for patients and their caregivers, and lack of information given about the disease and supportive care. DISCUSSION: These results allowed us to identify three major initiatives which could improve the overall care pathway and the quality of life of patients and their caregivers: 1/implementation of a public awareness campaign on bladder cancer; 2/creation of booklets for patients and their caregivers to provide them with a source of reliable information; and 3/the creation of communication tools between healthcare professionals and patients to facilitate exchanges during consultations.

TARGET: a survey of real-world management of chronic myeloid leukaemia across 33 countries.

Despite the availability of guidelines for the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), various issues may prevent their successful implementation. The TARGET survey examined real-world management of CML patients compared with international recommendations. This online survey was completed in 2017. Results were discussed by a Steering Committee (SC) of eight international haematologists, challenges were identified and practical solutions developed. Of the 1008 haematologists invited (33 countries), 614 completed the survey. Gaps regarding treatment efficacy and molecular monitoring were identified. Half of the physicians did not perform three-monthly testing of during the initial 12 months of treatment, citing cost as the major barrier, although they know it should be done. Treatment-free remission was not considered a primary treatment goal or as a priority factor influencing treatment decisions. European Leukemia Net guidelines interpretation was generally acceptable, but awareness regarding management of persistent adverse events was poor. Practical solutions proposed by the SC were mostly focused on enhancing physician education and awareness, or encouraging hospitals to work with the government, in order to improve the quality of BCR-ABL testing. Gaps in current CML management were identified compared with international recommendations, which the proposed practical solutions would help to address.

Use of Resveratrol Self-Emulsifying Systems in T/C28a2 Cell Line as Beneficial Effectors in Cellular Uptake and Protection Against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Death.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in the world. Although its etiology is still unknown, one of the key processes in OA progression and development is oxidative stress. In this context, resveratrol, a well-known anti-oxidant from the stilbene family, could be of particular interest in future OA therapeutic strategies. However, currently, because of its low bioavailability, use of resveratrol in human health is very limited. In this study, we tested two resveratrol self-emulsifying systems previously developed in our laboratory in order to determine if they could improve cellular uptake of resveratrol in a human immortalized chondrocytic cell line (T/C28a2) and enhance protection against oxidative stress. Our results showed that resveratrol self-emulsifying systems were able first to increase cellular tolerance towards resveratrol, and thus decrease resveratrol intrinsic cellular toxicity, allowing the use of higher concentrations, second, to increase resveratrol uptake in membrane and intracellular fractions, and finally, to improve protection against oxidative stress-mediated death in human immortalized chondrocytic cell line T/C28a2. These data suggest that new formulations of resveratrol could be considered as potential beneficial effectors in future OA treatments.

Resveratrol self-emulsifying system increases the uptake by endothelial cells and improves protection against oxidative stress-mediated death.

The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize a resveratrol self-emulsifying drug delivery system (Res-SEDDS), and to compare the uptake of resveratrol by bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), and the protection of these cells against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death, versus a control resveratrol ethanolic solution. Three Res-SEDDSs were prepared and evaluated. The in vitro self-emulsification properties of these formulations, the droplet size and the zeta potential of the nanoemulsions formed on adding them to water under mild agitation conditions were studied, together with their toxicity on BAECs. An optimal atoxic formulation (20% Miglyol® 812, 70% Montanox® 80, 10% ethanol 96% v/v) was selected and further studied. Pre-incubation of BAECs for 180 min with 25 µM resveratrol in the nanoemulsion obtained from the selected SEDDS significantly increased the membrane and intracellular concentrations of resveratrol (for example, 0.076±0.015 vs. ethanolic solution 0.041±0.016 nmol/mg of protein after 60 min incubation, p<0.05). Resveratrol intracellular localization was confirmed by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Resveratrol nanoemulsion significantly improved the endothelial cell protection from H2O2-induced injury (750, 1000 and 1500 µM H2O2) in comparison with incubation with the control resveratrol ethanolic solution (for example, 55±6% vs. 38±5% viability after 1500 µM H2O2 challenge, p<0.05). In conclusion, formulation of resveratrol as a SEDDS significantly improved its cellular uptake and potentiated its antioxidant properties on BAECs.

Penetration of resveratrol into bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC): a possible passive diffusion.

Several studies have demonstrated that, in a context of oxidative stress, resveratrol, a polyphenol found in wine, could act as a protective agent on endothelial cells by various mechanisms but without showing that it could penetrate inside the cell. The aim of this study was to detect for the first time resveratrol inside bovine endothelial aortic cells and to determine which kind of transport mechanism was involved. Intracellular and membrane concentrations of resveratrol have been measured by high performance liquid chromatography after incubation of several concentrations of resveratrol with endothelial cells for 24h. Concentrations of resveratrol in the culture media have been determined by UV spectrophotometry and experiments of transport mechanisms have been performed. Our results showed that, for the concentrations tested (1, 5, 10 and 50 µM), resveratrol was detected inside the cells and suggested that it was able to penetrate into the cells through a passive diffusion mechanism.

Antioxidant effects of resveratrol and other stilbene derivatives on oxidative stress and *NO bioavailability: Potential benefits to cardiovascular diseases.

Oxidative stress plays an important part in the appearance and development of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, overproduction of reactive oxygen species leads to deregulation of metabolic pathways, such as cell proliferation or inflammation, which interferes with the homeostasis of vascular endothelium. Oxidative stress can decrease the bioavailability of nitric oxide (*NO) in vessels. This decrease is highly associated with endothelial dysfunction. The "French paradox" is a phenomenon that associates a diet rich in saturated fatty acids and a moderate consumption of wine to a low prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. During the past 10 years, the beneficial effects of wine on cardiovascular diseases have been attributed to the actions of resveratrol and other polyphenols. One of the mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects is the capacity of resveratrol and some other stilbene derivatives to maintain sufficient *NO bioavailability in vascular endothelium. This review presents the latest findings on the molecular effects of resveratrol and other stilbene derivatives on the various actors that modulate *NO bioavailability during oxidative stress.