[Compared antibacterial activity of a new fluoroquinolone, sparfloxacin (AT 4140, RP 64206) and four other fluoroquinolones against 332 strains of enteropathogen bacteria]. / Activité antibactérienne comparée d'une nouvelle fluoroquinolone, la sparfloxacine (AT 4140, RP 64206) et de 4 autres fluoroquinolones sur 332 souches de bactéries entéropathogènes.

The in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of five fluoroquinolones--sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin and pefloxacin--was tested against 332 strains of enteric pathogens belonging to the genera Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Yersinia, Vibrio, Campylobacter and Helicobacter. Some of the strains were resistant to one or several antibiotics. Each fluoroquinolone showed identical bacteriostatic activity against susceptible and resistant strains except of those resistant to nalidixic acid. MIC 90% were always below 1 mg/l. The MIC were lowest with ciprofloxacin followed by sparfloxacin and highest with pefloxacin. The five compounds showed different activity against nalidixic acid resistant strains: MIC 90% increased from 0.06 to 4 mg/l for Salmonella, from 0.5 to 4 mg/l for C. jejuni strains, from 0.12 to 16 mg/l for H. pylori strains. All strains remained susceptible to ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin, but some were intermediate or resistant to the three other compounds. The minimal bactericidal concentrations of the five agents against the nalidixic acid susceptible or resistant strains were one or two times the corresponding MIC.

[Comparative in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of 5 macrolides: roxithromycin, erythromycin, oleandomycin, josamycin and spiramycin against 284 hospital bacterial strains]. / Activité bactériostatique et bactéricide comparée in vitro de cinq marcolides: roxithromycine, érythromycine, oléandomycine, josamycine et spiramycine sur 284 souches bactériennes d'origine hospitalière.

The bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of five macrolides (roxithromycin, erythromycin, troleandomycin, josamycin and spiramycin) were tested against 284 bacterial strains belonging to various species of Gram positive (staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, Listeria sp, Corynebacterium sp, Bacillus sp) and Gram negative bacteria (Neisseria sp, H. influenzae, P. multocida). The activity of these compounds on the whole strains showed near results: 71.8% of susceptible strains to erythromycin and spiramycin, 70% to josamycin, 67.6% to roxithromycin, 65.5% to troleandomycin. Resisting strains were MLSB resistant cocci Gram positive, H. influenzae and P. multocida strains. Species usually less studied (nongroupable streptococci, Corynebacterium sp, Bacillus sp) were very susceptible to macrolides with MICS equal or inferior to 1 mg/l for the two last genus. A bactericidal effect was observed for 38.8% of 72 tested strains (erythromycin), 36.1% (josamycin), 34.7% (spiramycin), 31.9% (roxithromycin), 20.8% (troleandomycin). Among various tested species, this bactericidal effect concerned especially group A streptococci, N. meningitidis and Corynebacterium (except D2 and JK species).

[In vitro antibacterial activity of cefpirome in combination with 4 aminoglycosides and 2 fluoroquinolones]. / Activité antibactérienne in vitro du cefpirome en association avec quatre aminoglycosides et deux fluoroquinolones.

Combinations of cefpirome with aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin) and of cefpirome with fluorinated quinolones (pefloxacin, ofloxacin) were tested against 20 Enterobacteriaceae, 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, 6 group D Streptococci and 6 Staphylococcus aureus strains, susceptible, intermediate or resistant with a low level to these different compounds. Activity of combinations was evaluated using a broth microdilution checkerboard method and FIC indices determination. Combinations of cefpirome with aminoglycosides demonstrated a synergistic effect in 79.5% of cases, but a strong synergy (FIC less than or equal to 0.62) was observed in only 46% of cases. The higher rate of strong synergy concerned Enterobacteriaceae (50% of cases) and group D Streptococci (58.3%). Combination of cefpirome with gentamicin was the most active against Enterobacteriaceae and with a lower degree against P. aeruginosa, A. calcoaceticus and S. aureus. Combination of cefpirome with netilmicin was the best association against group D Streptococci. Combinations of cefpirome with fluorinated quinolones demonstrated frequently and additive (40.9%) or indifferent (36.3%) effect. When a synergistic effect was proved, it was always weak (FIC = 0.75). Combinations of two fluorinated quinolones with cefpirome gave similar results. No combination was antagonist. This study is a primary estimation of activity of cefpirome combined with other agents. It will be necessary to confirm these results against strains resistant with high level, especially against cefpirome, strains not discovered in clinical isolates at present.

[Comparative antibacterial activity of a new monobactam, carumonam (RO 17-2301, AMA 1080) on hospital bacteria resistant to beta lactams]. / Activité antibactérienne comparée d'un nouveau monobactam, le carumonam (RO 17-2301, AMA 1080) sur des bactéries hospitalières résistantes aux bêtalactamines.

In vitro activity of a new monobactam, carumonam (RO 17-2301, AMA 1080) was tested against 370 hospital bacterial isolates. Results were compared to aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, latamoxef, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, pefloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae, to aztreonam, piperacillin, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, imipenem and pefloxacin against P. aeruginosa. All Enterobacteriaceae strains produced cephalosporinases and all P. aeruginosa strains were ticarcillin resistant. MIC 90% of carumonam against Enterobacteriaceae strains was lower than 0.25 mg/l for P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. stuartii, Salmonella sp., ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/l for Klebsiella sp. and S. marcescens, from 1 to 2 mg/l for E. coli and P. morganii, and from 4 to 8 mg/l for C. freundii and E. cloacae. The rate of strains inhibited with 4 mg/l of carumonam was 95.3%. So carumonam was at the second place from eight tested products, after latamoxef (97.5% of susceptible strains). Carumonam was active against second generation cephalosporins resistant strains when these strains were susceptible or intermediate to cefotaxime. Strains resistant to this compound escaped to its action. Its activity against A. calcoaceticus was weak (22.6% of strains inhibited by 4 mg/l), but was superior to that of cefsulodin against ticarcillin resistant P. aeruginosa strains (54.5 versus 16.1% of susceptible strains). However carumonam was less active against this last species than ceftazidime or imipenem (92.6 and 91% of susceptible strains respectively).

[In vitro antibacterial activity of a new cephalosporin: cefpirome (HR 810). Comparison with ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, latamoxef and ceftazidime]. / Activité antibactérienne in vitro d'une nouvelle céphalosporine: le cefpirome (HR 810). Comparaison avec la ceftriaxone, le céfotaxime, le latamoxef et la ceftazidime.

In vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, cefpirome (HR 810) was tested using an agar dilution procedure against 393 hospital bacterial isolates. Results were compared to those obtained with ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, latamoxef and ceftazidime. Cefpirome was the most active drug against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci and the only drug with activity against streptococci D (MIC 90%: 7 mg/l). Against Enterobacteriaceae strains with varying degrees of resistance to cephalosporins, results varied across species: activity of cefpirome was greater than that of the four other drugs for E. cloacae and C. freundii, similar to that of ceftriaxone for E. coli, S. marcescens, P. morganii and Salmonella sp., inferior to that of latamoxef for P. stuartii. However, against all Enterobacteriaceae strains as a whole, cefpirome proved the most active of the five agents tested (99.1% of strains inhibited by 4 mg/l) as a result of its greater activity against strains with resistance to second generation cephalosporins or cefotaxime. Cefpirome in a concentration of 4 mg/l inhibited 50% of tested P. aeruginosa strains (MIC 90%; 13 mg/l) and was inferior only to ceftazidime (MIC 90%: 4 mg/l). However, cefpirome exhibited no activity against A. calcoaceticus and L. monocytogenes.

[In-vitro activity of ceftriaxone on Gram-negative bacilli with various resistance phenotypes to cephalosporins. Comparison with cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, moxalactam, ceftazidime]. / Activité in vitro de la ceftriaxone sur des bacilles Gram négatif présentant différents phénotypes de résistance aux céphalosporines. Comparaison avec céfotaxime, cefménoxime, moxalactam, ceftazidime.

In vitro activity of ceftriaxone was studied on 245 cephalothin-resistant strains of enterobacteria representing 7 different phenotypes of resistance to cephalosporins and on 130 Gram negative oxidative bacilli. Ceftriaxone was compared to cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, moxalactam and ceftazidime. With modal MICs of 0.015 to 0.25 mg/l, ceftriaxone is active on all phenotypes of enterobacteria not simultaneously resistant to cefamandole and cefoxitin. Among the bacteria with this last phenotype, only K. pneumoniae, C. Freundii and E. cloacae are occasionally found to have intermediate susceptibility or even resistance; ceftriaxone is more active than cefotaxime, cefmenoxime and ceftazidime with inhibition of 95.1% of strains at 4 mg/l. Moxalactam is superior to ceftriaxone against enterobacteria that are intermediate or resistant to both cefamandole and cefoxitin. Activity of ceftazidime is strongest against oxidative bacilli and weakest against enterobacteria regardless of phenotype.

[In vitro antibacterial activity of cefodizime (HR 221) on 323 hospital strains of Gram negative bacilli. Comparison with cefotiam, cefoperazone, cefotetan and cefotaxime]. / Activité antibactérienne in vitro de la céfodizime (HR 221) sur 323 souches hospitaliéres de bacilles à Gram négatif. Comparaison avec le céfotiam, la céfopérazone, le céfotétan et le céfotaxime.

In vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, cefodizime, was investigated by comparison with cefotiam, cefoperazone, cefotetan and cefotaxime. 291 Enterobacteriaceae strains belonging to 6 cephalosporin-resistance phenotypes and 32 strains of oxidative Gram negative bacilli were tested. With modal MICs of 0.25 to 4 mg/l, cefodizime is active on most phenotypes of resistance to first or second generation cephalosporins demonstrated in vitro in Enterobacteriaceae, including strains resistant to cefamandole and intermediate to cefoxitin. Cefodizime fails to inhibit strains resistant to third generation cephalosporins (E. cloacae, C. freundii, P. stuartii), except for those strains of S. marcescens belonging to this phenotype whose modal MIC is 4 mg/l. 85% of all tested Enterobacteriaceae are inhibited by 4 mg/l and 91% by 8 mg/l. Cefodizime exhibits little activity against A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa. Comparison of activities of the five cephalosporins against Enterobacteriaceae shows that cefodizime out-strips cefotiam, cefoperazone and cefotetan as a result of its broader spectrum of activity against tested species. Cefotaxime, on the contrary, proves superior to cefodizime and is still the most potent drug against. A. calcoaceticus whereas cefoperazone has the greatest effectiveness against P. aeruginosa.

[Comparative in vitro activity of 5 beta-lactams (cefoperazone, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, azthreonam, N-formimidoyl-thienamycin) on 90 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with various levels of resistance to ticarcillin]. / Activité comparée in vitro de cinq bêtalactamines (céfoperazone, cefsulodine, ceftazidime, azthréonam, N-formimidoyl-thiénamycine) sur 90 souches de Pseudomonas aeruginosa présentant différents niveaux de résistance à la ticarcilline.

Five beta-lactams with anti-pseudomonal activity were tested against P. aeruginosa strains resistant to various concentrations of ticarcillin (from 256 to 8192 mg/l). MIC geometric means found for the totality of strains were as follows: 1.52 mg/l for ceftazidime; 1.80 mg/l for N-f-thienamycin; 4.79 mg/l for azthreonam; 17.3 mg/l for cefsulodin; 50.9 mg/l for cefoperazone. Activities of ceftazidime, N-f-thienamycin and azthreonam were not related to the level of ticarcillin resistance. Cefoperazone and, to a lesser degree, cefsulodin showed cross resistance with ticarcillin: these drugs were not active when ticarcillin MICs reached 512 mg/l and 4 096 mg/l respectively.

[In vitro activity of cefmenoxime (SCE 1365) against 616 hospital strains of gram-negative bacilli chosen for beta-lactam resistance. Comparison with cefotaxime, lamoxactam and ceftazidime]. / Activité in vitro de la cefménoxime (SCE 1365) sur six cent seize souches hospitalières de bacilles à gram négatif choisies pour leur résistance aux beta-lactamines. Comparison avec la céfotaxime, le lamoxactam et la ceftazidime.

The in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, cefmenoxime, was tested by an agar dilution procedure against 616 strains of Gram negative rods resistant to various beta-lactams and was compared with that of cefotaxime, lamoxactam, ceftazidime (and cefsulodin against P. aeruginosa). A high activity was demonstrated on many species of tested Enterobacteriaceae including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, E. cloacae resistant to the first generation cephalosporins, Proteus sp., Providencia and C. freundii, with MIC geometric mean values from 0,028 to 0,33 microgram by ml. These values were nearly similar to those given by cefotaxime or lamoxactam and inferior to those given by ceftazidime. Cefmenoxime however showed a low activity (MIC geometric means from 19,5 to 25,5 micrograms by ml) against E. cloacae resistant to second generation cephalosporins (the better agent was lamoxactam), A. calcoaceticus (the better agent was ceftazidime) and carbenicillin-resistant P. aeruginosa (here ceftazidime and cefsulodin gave better performances).