Highly efficient determination of metal ion in cosmetic samples by reversed-phase liquid-liquid microextraction based on green hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent.

In this paper, a green hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) composed of menthol and hexanoic acid was employed to dissolve cosmetics containing Cd2+ and Cd2+ was extracted using an EDTA-2Na saturated solution, analyzed by FAAS. The study found that HDES-1 can be recycled and reused well; the stability constants of Cd2+ EDTA chelates play an important role in the extracting process; the optimum conditions were: the solubility of HDES-1 was 20 mL/g for cosmetic sample at an indoor temperature of around 10 °C; the dissolver-extractant ratio was 2:1; the LOD was 0.037 mg/kg; the RSD was 3.5%; and the recovery was 85.5-118.3%. The developed method was successfully applied to actual cosmetic samples with satisfactory results, and it was also applied for the determination of Mg2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+ in cosmetic samples.

Application of the sternocleidomastoid intermuscular approach in unilateral parathyroid surgery / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and advantages of unilateral primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) treated by transthyretal interosseous muscle approach surgery.Methods:Clinical data of 7 patients with unilateral PHPT treated by interstitial sternocleidomastoid muscle approach from Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2022 in the thyroid surgery of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were retrospectively analyzed, including preoperative blood calcium concentration, operation time, incision length, intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) , blood calcium concentration and PTH value in the first month after surgery, abnormal sensation of the skin in the anterior cervical area, etc. The feasibility and advantages of interstitial sternocleidomastoid muscle approach surgery for unilateral PHPT were analyzed.Results:All 7 patients with unilateral PHPT were operated successfully. The PTH was 17.2-63.3 pg/ml on recheck 1 month after surgery, which were all within the normal range. The time from skin opening to resection of the diseased parathyroid gland was 20-35 min, and the length of the surgical incision was 3-4 cm. all patients were given intravenous and oral calcium therapy after surgery, and the blood calcium and PTH levels were within the normal range at 3-12 months of follow-up; the incision recovered well, and there was no significant sensory and functional abnormalities in the anterior neck area.Conclusion:The treatment of unilateral PHPT through the sternocleidomastoid interosseous approach can ensure the safety and efficacy of the operation while better protecting the sensory and motor functions of the anterior cervical region and improving the aesthetics of the surgical incision.

Genetic and evolutionary characteristics of clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Yangzhou / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the drug resistance phenotype, drug resistance genes and molecular characteristics of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Yangzhou from 2016 to 2020. Methods A total of 71 strains of clindamycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were collected. Molecular typing of the strains was performed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and SNP. Antimicrobial minimal inhibitory concentrations were detected by the method of microdilution broth. Different resistance genes were detected. Results A total of 71 strains of clindamycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were collected in this study, of which 42 strains (59.15%) were inherently resistant and 29 strains (40.85%) were induced resistant ; 44 strains (61.97%) were found to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the 71 strains , 18 ST types were found , and the detection rates of mecA and ermB in ST59 strain were higher than those in other ST types. Among the clustered strains, CC59 was inherently resistant. Conclusion The clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus in Yangzhou has severe drug resistance, especially the resistance to clindamycin. CC59 clone group carries many drug resistance genes, and all of them are MRSA . This study provides reliable data for clinical selection of appropriate drugs and further investigation of the prevalence of clindamycin-resistant strains.

Epidemic characteristics and genotyping of varicella in Yangzhou in 2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella and the genetic characteristics of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in Yangzhou in 2021, and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control of varicella in Yangzhou. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was carried out on the varicella outbreaks reported in Yangzhou in 2021. Throat swabs or herpes fluid samples from varicella cases in 2021 were collected, and the viral nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The genotype and evolutionary relationship of the virus strain were determined according to the 6 SNPs in the ORF22 gene fragment sequence. Results In 2021, there were 20 varicella outbreaks in Yangzhou, involving 147 cases, all of which occurred in kindergartens and primary and secondary schools, and the peak incidence was in the age group of 4-7 years old. The high incidence time of the outbreaks was from May to July, and from November to January of the next year. The varicella vaccination rate of the cases was low, and all were 1-dose vaccination. The gene sequencing results of 8 samples were J/clade 2, and 3 of them had A-C synonymous mutation at position 37997 in ORF22 sequence. Conclusion In 2021, varicella outbreaks in Yangzhou occurred mainly in kindergartens and schools. Preschool children are susceptible, all of which are caused by J/clade 2 varicella-zoster virus. It is suggested to strengthen the monitoring and management of the varicella epidemic situation in schools in the city, and at the same time incorporate the varicella vaccine into the routine immunization program of the city and strengthen 2 doses of varicella vaccination.

Prevalence correlation of video display terminal syndrome and depression among medical students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of video display terminal syndrome (VDT) among medical students in university, and to explore the correlation between VDT syndrome and depressive symptoms, so as to provide theoretical guidance for promoting college students mental health.@*Methods@#A total of 3 265 freshmen and juniors in the Department of Medicine of Nanchang University were surveyed with census method in November 2019 to collect information regarding general information, symptoms related to VDT syndrome, depression status.@*Results@#In the valid questionnaire, the detection rate of VDT syndrome among college students was 33.3%, and the detection rates of VDT syndrome varied significantly by sex and clinical major( χ 2=6.45, 18.82 , P <0.05); The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 54.6%. One way ANOVA showed that there was significant differences in VDT syndrome status between those with and without depression symptoms ( χ 2=63.88, P < 0.01 ). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that VDT syndrome could increase the risk of detecting depression ( OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.58-2.14, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#VDT syndrome has a high detection rate in college medical students and is a risk factor for depression in medical students. Society and schools should pay attention to health education on the rational use of video terminals for medical students, and take corresponding measures to intervene, so as to improve the physical and mental health of medical students.

Feasibility of using surface electromyography for the detection of abnormal muscle response in patients with hemifacial spasm / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the feasibility of using surface electromyography （SEMG） for the detection of abnormal muscle response （AMR） in patients with hemifacial spasm （HFS）. 【Methods】 We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of HFS patients who underwent microvascular decompression （MVD） in our hospital between June 2019 and December 2020. Patients who received both surface electrode （preoperative） and needle electrode （intraoperative） detection of AMR were included. SEMG recorded from two stimulation-recording sites， namely， zygomatic-mentalis and mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi， was selected for analyzing the characteristics of AMR. The positive rates of AMR detected by these two kinds of electrodes were comprehensively compared. 【Results】 Totally 77 patients were included in this study. When detected with surface electrodes， the positive rate， latency and amplitude of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis oculi were 90.9% （70/77）， （10.87±1.86） ms and （202.8±47.4） μV， and at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi were 92.2% （71/77）， （10.41±1.83） ms and （211.1±54.1） μV， respectively. AMR was detected in 74 patients （96.1%） with surface electrodes. There was no significant difference in positive rate， latency and amplitude of AMR between these two stimulation-recording methods. When detected with needle electrodes， the positive rate of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis oculi was 98.7% （76/77）， which was significantly higher than the rate 89.6% （69/77） recorded at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi （P=0.016）. The latency and amplitude of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis were （10.63±1.39） ms and （83.5±27.2） μV， and at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi were （10.31±1.18） ms and （58.6±21.4） μV. There was no significant difference in latency between the two stimulation-recording methods， but the amplitude recorded at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi was significantly lower （P=0.041）. AMR was detected in 76 patients （98.7%） with needle electrodes. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of AMR between surface electrodes and needle electrodes （P=0.500）， the results were moderately consistent （Kappa=0.490， P<0.001）. 【Conclusion】 The detection efficiency of surface electrodes for AMR is similar to that of needle electrode. With its non-invasive characteristic， the surface electrode can be routinely used for electrophysiological evaluation of HFS.

Utility of serum amyloid A as a potential prognostic biomarker of acute primary basal ganglia hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can lead to inflammation. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein, which might be implicated in acute brain injury. We ascertain relationship between serum SAA and inflammation, severity plus outcome after ICH. METHODS: In this prospective, observational study, serum SAA concentrations were quantified in 159 healthy volunteers and 159 acute primary basal ganglia hemorrhage patients admitted within 24 h after stroke symptom. Prognostic parameters included death and a poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score > 2) at 90 days after stroke. RESULTS: Serum SAA concentrations were substantially higher in patients than in controls. Among patients, serum SAA concentrations were strongly correlated with serum C-reactive protein concentrations, hematoma volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores. Serum SAA appeared to be an independent predictor for 90-day death, overall survival and poor outcome. Under receiver operating characteristic curve, this protein exhibited similar prognostic capability, as compared to hematoma volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores. CONCLUSIONS: Rising serum SAA concentrations, in close correlation with inflammation and hemorrhagic severity, are independently related to mortality and poor outcome after ICH, indicating that serum SAA might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for ICH.

Analysis of diagnostic results of novel coronavirus pneumonia cases confirmed in Yangzhou and its influencing factors / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the positive time length of nucleic acid detection in 22 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Yangzhou and analyze the influencing factors, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of the disease. Method A total of 22 confirmed cases were followed up for five weeks. Throat swabs were collected for nucleic acid detection. The relevant data were collected and statistical analysis was conducted on the basis of survival analysis. Results The positive rate of throat swabs was 100%, 100% and 66.67% at 1-2d, 3-4d and 5-7d, respectively, after the onset of COVID-19. The average positive time of all confirmed cases was 16.32 days, including 18.50 days for common type and 13.70 days for light type. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.36, P=0.037). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that case type (or=0.19, 95%CI:0.06-0.61) and onset visit time (or=0.70,95%CI:0.55-0.88) had an impact on the positive time length of nucleic acid detection. Conclusion The positive rate of respiratory samples is high within one week after the onset of the confirmed cases, and the positive time length of light type cases was shorter than that of common types. The positive time length of nucleic acid detection may be shortened after timely treatment with drugs.

Effects of low level lead on the immune function of occupationally exposed workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of long-term low-level lead load on the immune function of occupationally exposed workers. METHODS: The convenient sampling method was used to select 57 lead-exposed workers as the observation group.These workers had the blood lead level of ≥300 μg/L and <400 μg/L.They worked in a battery plant from 2009 to 2018. Another 61 none-lead exposed logistical personnel with blood lead level of <100 μg/L were selected as the control group. The blood lead levels and immune function indicators were detected in these 2 groups, including serum immunoglobulin(Ig)G, IgA, IgM, complement(C) 3, C4, C-reactive protein(CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) level, blood intermediate cell(MID) count and MID ratio(MID%).The abnormal rates of the above immune indexes were calculated. RESULTS: The median blood lead level in the observation group was 338 μg/L. The levels of IgA(M: 2.3 vs 1.9 g/L), C3 [(10.8 ± 1.7) vs(10.1±1.5) mg/L] and C4(M: 2.6 vs 2.3 mg/L) of observation group decrease(P<0.05), the abnormal rate of IgG increased(1.6% vs 14.0%, P<0.05), compared with the control group. The other immune indexes of these two groups were compared, and the differences showed no statistical significance(P>0.05). Blood lead level was negatively correlated with C3 level and positively correlated with TNF-α level(Spearman correlation coefficients were-0.20, 0.19, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Low level lead might have an impact on the immune system of lead-exposed workers.

Serum tenascin-C predicts severity and outcome of acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Tenascin-C is a matricellular protein related to brain injury. We studied serum tenascin-C in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and examined the associations with severity and outcome following the acute event. METHODS: Tenascin-C samples were obtained from 162 patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke and 162 healthy controls. Poor 90-day functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score > 2. Early neurological deterioration (END) and hematoma growth (HG) were recorded at 24 h. RESULTS: Patients had higher tenascin-C levels than controls. Tenascin-C levels were positively correlated with hematoma volume or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at baseline. Elevated tenascin-C levels were independently associated with END, HG, 90-day mortality and poor functional outcome. Moreover, tenascin-C levels significantly predicted END, HG and 90-day outcomes under receiver operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in serum tenascin-C level is associated with an adverse outcome in ICH patients, supporting the potential role of serum tenascin-C as a prognostic biomarker for hemorrhagic stroke.

Study and Application Overview of Spectroscopy Method in TCM Tongue Diagnosis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Tongue diagnosis is one of unique techniques of TCM diagnosis. Its subjective and empirical description of written words, spoken language and pictures have been used until now, however, which cannot express the complete information of tongue image comprehensively and objectively. The development of modern technology provides new ideas and methods for the study of tongue diagnosis in TCM. For example, the application of spectroscopy is of great significance for restoring tongue image information. This article briefly introduced the spectroscopy method, summarized its research and application in the field of TCM tongue diagnosis, and put forward the problems and prospects to provide references for further research.

Etiological analysis of influenza surveillance data in Yangzhou from 2012 to 2017 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To find out the characteristics and regularity trend of influenza activity according to the analyses of influenza surveillance data in Yangzhou from 2012 to 2017, and to provide scientific supports for predicting and controlling the pandemic outbreak of influenza effectively.@*Methods@#The influenza samples were collected from Northern Jiangsu People′s Hospital, Yangzhou First People's Hospital and Gaoyou People’s Hospital, using fluorescent RT-PCR method to detect influenza virus nucleic acid and classifying influenza virus subtypes. Finally, the surveillance data from January, 2012 to December, 2017 of influenza like illness (ILI) cases of Yangzhou were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 18 083 throat swabs of ILI specimens were collected from 2012—2017 in Yangzhou, 1 983 samples were positive (10.97%), the difference in positive rates of adjacent years was statistically significant (χ2=167.93, P<0.001). In Yangzhou city, influenza virus kept activative in whole year. The influenza epidemic season was winter-spring and summer, accounting for 83.61% of all positive cases, with type A influenza prevalent throughout all year and type B influenza mainly prevalent in spring and winter, each subtype showed alternating prevalence. The influenza virus infection occurred in every age group. The highest positive rate was 16.33% in the age group of 10-19 years and the lowest was 8.52% in the age group of 20-29 years among all detected age groups.@*Conclusions@#From 2012 to 2017, the epidemic of influenza in Yangzhou was obviously seasonal and all the subtypes of influenza were in prevalent status alternately. The high-risk groups of Influenza were infants and teenagers who under the age of 19 years. So a long-term influenza surveillance is much needed for the early warning and forecasting the spread of influenza.

Progress in development and application of FNA washout detection in thyroid and parathyroid surgery / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Recently,the detection of FNA washout has been widely spread due to its high diagnostic efficiency,which then derived several detection indicators so far.Based on the relative literature,this paper aims to review the progress in development and application of FNA washout detection in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.We will summary the diagnosis applications from the following five parts:1.FNA-Tg in lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer,2.FNA-CT in medullary thyroid carcinoma and lymph node metastasis,3.FNA-PTH in hyperparathyroidism and intraoperative protection of parathyroid,4.FNA-FT4 in thyroid adenoma,5.FNA-MK in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Thinking of the Issue of Residents Health Card / 医学信息学杂志

The residents health card is an important content for the health informatization construction in the new medical reform.The paper studies the factors that influence the issue and application of residents health card from the perspectives of management,technology and operation,and puts forward countermeasures for future issue and application of the residents health card based on the regional health information platform,namely,the govemment departments shall pay more attention,explore new operation modes,improve supporting functions of the platform,and establish the residents health card management system.

Influence of sertraline on quality of life in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure complicated de-pression / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To observe influence of sertraline on depressive state and quality of life(QOL)in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure complicated depression.Methods:A total of 90 patients with chronic ischemic heart failure complicat-ed depression were divided into routine treatment group(n=46)and sertraline group(n=44,received sertraline 50mg/d based on routine treatment),and both groups were treated and followed up for six months.Scores of Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD)and the medical outcomes study 36-item short-form heath survey(SF-36)were compared between two groups before and after treatment.Results:Compared with routine treatment group after treatment,there were signifi-cant rise in anti-depression effective rate(36.96% vs.81.82%)in sertraline group,P=0.001;for QOL,compared with before treatment,there were significant rise in eight dimension scores of SF-36 in sertraline group,and only general health score significantly reduced and role-emotional score significantly rose in routine treatment group after treatment,P<0.05 or <0.01;compared with routine treatment group after treatment,there were significant rise in scores of physical functio-ning[(32.21 ± 17.16)scores vs.(38.13 ± 14.13)scores],role-physical[(24.53 ± 6.71)scores vs.(36.00 ± 15.16)scores],general health[(32.91 ± 16.73)scores vs.(58.38 ± 10.09)scores],vitality[(31.05 ± 12.56)scores vs.(39.00 ± 14.24)scores],social functioning[(44.19 ± 21.01)scores vs.(58.10 ± 29.89)scores],role-emotional[(42.62 ± 19.70)scores vs.(55.00 ± 27.80)scores]and mental health[(44.37 ± 19.49)scores vs.(54.20 ± 30.25)scores]in ser-traline group,P<0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion:Sertraline based on anti-heart failure medication can improve depressive state and quality of life in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure complicated depression.

Clinical Manifestations and Amplitude-integrated Encephalogram in Neonates with Early-onset Epileptic Encephalopathy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) suffer from neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and amplitude-integrated encephalogram (aEEG) characteristics of infants with EOEE with onset within the neonatal period, to make early diagnosis to improve the prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One-hundred and twenty-eight patients with neonatal seizure were enrolled and followed up till 1 year old. Sixty-six neonates evolved into EOEE were as the EOEE group, the other 62 were as the non-EOEE (nEOEE) group. Then we compared the clinical and aEEG characteristics between the two groups to analyze the manifestations in neonates with EOEE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the nEOEE group, the incidence of daily seizure attacks, more than two types of convulsions, more than two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) application, severely abnormal aEEG background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detection were significantly higher in the EOEE group (P < 0.05) (97% vs. 54.8%; 30.3% vs. 14.5%; 97.0% vs. 25.4%; 39.4% vs. 3.2%; 57.6% vs. 9.7%; and 56% vs. 3.2%, respectively). Severely abnormal background pattern (odds ratio [OR] = 0.081, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.009-0.729, P = 0.025) and more than two seizures detection by aEEG (OR = 0.158, 95% CI: 0.043-0.576, P = 0.005) were the independent risk factors for the evolvement into EOEE. The upper and lower margins of active sleep (AS) and quiet sleep (QS) were significantly higher in EOEE group than those of the control group (P < 0.05) (34.3 ± 13.6 vs. 21.3 ± 6.4; 9.9 ± 3.7 vs. 6.7 ± 2.2; 41.2 ± 15.1 vs. 30.4 ± 11.4; and 11.9 ± 4.4 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0; unit: μV, respectively). AS upper margin was demonstrated a higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for EOEE than another three parameters according to the receiver operating characteristic curves; the area under the curve was 0.827.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinical characteristics of the neonatal seizure which will evolve into EOEE were more than two AEDs application, high seizure frequency (daily attack), and more than two types of the seizure. Significant high voltage, severely abnormal background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detected on aEEG were the meaningful indicators to the prediction of EOEE.</p>

Effects of dietary leucine supplementation on the hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in normal birth weight and intrauterine growth-retarded weanling piglets

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary leucine supplementation on mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in the liver of normal birth weight (NBW) and intrauterine growth-retarded (IUGR) weanling piglets. MATERIALS/METHODS: A total of sixteen pairs of NBW and IUGR piglets from sixteen sows were selected according to their birth weight. At postnatal day 14, all piglets were weaned and fed either a control diet or a leucine-supplemented diet for 21 d. Thereafter, a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design was used. Each treatment consisted of eight replications with one piglet per replication. RESULTS: Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets had a decreased (P < 0.05) hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Also, IUGR piglets exhibited reductions (P < 0.05) in the activities of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), citrate synthase (CS), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and complexes I and V, along with decreases (P < 0.05) in the concentration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the protein expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Dietary leucine supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the content of ATP, and the activities of CS, α-KGDH, MDH, and complex V in the liver of piglets. Furthermore, compared to those fed a control diet, piglets given a leucine-supplemented diet exhibited increases (P < 0.05) in the mtDNA content and in the mRNA expressions of sirtuin 1, PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, β polypeptide in liver. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary leucine supplementation may exert beneficial effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in NBW and IUGR weanling piglets.

T type calciumchannel activated by brain injury induces neural stem cell proliferation / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the mechanism and induction of T type calcium channel on neural stem cells after brain injury .Methods Adult mice brain injury model was established and divided into control ,sham operation ,surgery ,and surgery+mebefradil groups .Neural stem cells were separated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) and identified .Moreover ,we analyzed the results using MTT and neural stem cell sphere counting after adding different doses of mibefradil in culture medium ,respectively .Then we calculated the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of mibefradil on neural stem cells .Finally ,we analyzed the expression of Cav3 .2 in SVZ and the protein expressions of Cav3 .2 ,Cyclin A and caspase‐3 in neural stem cells by Western blot .Results In vivo , neural stem cell proliferation was increased in surgery group compared with that in control and sham‐operation groups .The proliferation of neural stem cells in surgery + mibefradil groups was significantly decreased compared with that in surgery group after mibefradil‐induced inhibition of T type calcium channel protein . In vitro , the formation of neural stem cell sphere was significantly inhibited after adding mibefradil .The cell growth ratio was significantly decreased when the concentration of mibefradil was above 5μmol/L .A values in 5 μmol/L ,10 μmol/L and 20μmol/L groups were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0 .05) .IC50 was 8 .93μmol/L .The protein expressions of Cyclin A and Cav3 .2 were inhibited while that of caspase‐3 was increased after mibefradil treatment .Conclusion Neural stem cell proliferation was enhanced by activating T type calcium channel after brain injury .

Detecting tin in human blood by microwave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for detecting tin in human blood by microwave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. METHODS: The microwave digestion instrument was used to digest 1. 00 mL blood sample with 4. 00 mL concentrated nitric acid( mass fraction 65. 00%) and 1. 00 mL perchloric acid( mass fraction 68. 00%). After 1. 00 mL of thiocarbamide-ascorbic acid( mass fraction 10. 00%) was added,hydrochloric acid( concentration 1. 5 mol / L) was added to a total constant volume of 10. 00 mL. Then 5. 00 mL of the sample was collected and detected by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The good linear relationship was shown in the range of 0. 00-60. 00 μg / L,and the correlation coefficient was 0. 999 5. The limit of detection was 0. 01 μg / L. The average recovery rate was 98. 80%-103. 30%. The relative standard deviation( RSD) of within-run precision was 3. 74%-5. 26%,and the RSD of betweenrun precision was 1. 23%-4. 45%. The samples can be stored for at least 7 days under the temperature of 4 ℃.CONCLUSION: This method has the advantages of low detection limit,good precision and high sensitivity,which is suitable for the determination of tin in human blood.

Chemical constituents of Chinese red ginseng / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of the Chinese red ginseng were systematically investigated by using various column chromatographic methods including D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins and open silica gel column chromatographies as well as high-performance liquid chromatography.Their chemical structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses.Fifty-two compounds were isolated from Chinese red ginseng decoction and identified as 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh₁ (1), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh₁ (2), ginsenoside Rg₆ (3), 20(22) E-ginsenoside F₄ (4), ginsenoside Rk₃ (5), 20(22) E-ginsenoside Rh₄ (6), ginsenoside Rg₁ (7), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rf-1a(8), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rf(9), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rf(10),20(S)-notoginsenoside R₂ (11),20(R)-notoginsenoside R₂ (12), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₂ (13), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₂ (14), ginsenoside Rs₂ (15),ginsenoside Rs₁ (16),ginsenoside Rd(17),notoginsenoside R₁ (18),ginsenoside Re₂ (19), ginsenoside Re(20), 20-gluco-ginsenoside Rf(21),quinquenoside-R₁ (22),ginsenoside Ro methyl ester(23),ginsenoside Ro(24),ginsenoside Rb₁ (25),ginsenoside Rc(26),ginsenoside Rb₂ (27),ginsenoside Ra₂ (28),ginsenoside Ra₃ (29),ginsenoside Rb₃ (30),20(22)Z-ginsenoside Rh₄ (31),chikusetsusaponin IVa butyl ester(32), 20(22)Z-ginsenoside Rs₄ (33),ginsenoside Rs₅ (34),20(22)E-ginsenoside Rs₄ (35),zingibroside R1-6'-butyl ester(36), chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester(37),20(S)-ginsenoside Rs₃ (38),20(R)-ginsenoside Rs₃ (39),zingibroside R1-6'-methyl ester(40),ginsenoside Rz₁ (41),ginsenoside Rk₁ (42),ginsenoside Rg₅ (43),23-O-methylginsenoside-Rg₁ ₁ (44),12β,25-dihydroxydammar-20(22)E-ene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(45), 20(22)Z-ginsenoside F₄ (46),3β,12β-dihydroxydammar-20(22)E,24-diene-6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(47), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₃ (48),20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₃ (49),20(22)E-ginsenoside Rg₉ (50),ginsenoside-Ro-6'-butyl ester(51), and polyacetyleneginsenoside Ro(52). Compounds 8, 12, 31-33, 36, 37, 44, 45, 47 and 51 were isolated from the P. ginseng, and compounds 19, 23 and 46 were isolated from Chinese red ginseng for the first time.