RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a wide range of obstetrical and neonatal complications as well as socioeconomic variables on the behaviors characterized by attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. METHOD: Data were collected on 7- to 8-year old twins, using multiple instruments assessing many areas of individual and family functioning. The influence of several aspects of prenatal care, labor and delivery, and early life were considered as well as indicators of socioeconomic status, such as family income and maternal education. RESULTS: The observed associations were stronger for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder than conduct disorder symptoms and stronger for females than males. Family income and gender significantly predicted both behavioral outcomes, whereas birth weight predicted attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms only. However, the presence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct symptom behaviors were not associated with an occurrence of more obstetrical or neonatal complications as indicated by hierarchical linear modeling analyses. CONCLUSIONS: By school age, behavioral problems related to inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, defiance, and conduct are relatively unaffected by general adversity in the neonatal and perinatal periods.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Transtornos de Deficit da Atenção e do Comportamento Disruptivo/psicologia , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , Doenças em Gêmeos , Doenças do Recém-Nascido , Complicações na Gravidez , Peso ao Nascer , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosAssuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Desastres , Poder Familiar , Terrorismo , Adolescente , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Es una excelente propuesta de cómo las familias son los mejores instrumentos para mejorar la comunicación de las personas con síndrome de Down. Propone métodos concretos, basados en la vida diaria (AU)
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Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Down , Educação de Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual/tendências , Comunicação , Intervenção Educacional Precoce/métodos , Terapia da Linguagem/métodos , Distúrbios da Fala/terapia , Relações Pais-FilhoRESUMO
We used Signal Detection methodology to examine how cognitiveset affects mothers' response to an infant cry. We asked whether a cry from a "difficult" versus an "easy" infant would elicit a change in sensitivity or response bias in mother processing of these cries. Thirty-eight mothers of 4- to 6-month-old infants participated in a Signal Detection task in which they were asked whether they could detect differences between a standard cry and 1 to 4 cry variants. Cry variants differed from the standard cry in small, systematic changes in fundamental frequency. The task was conducted in 2 parts; each part constituted a condition wherein mother received a cognitive set manipulation that labeled the identical cry as coming from either a''difficult''or an "easy" infant. An increase in mothers' sensitivity was associated with the "difficult" infant cognitive set. We examined as well how a coping strategy(illusion of control) affected cry signal processing. Mothers who Exhibited high illusory control were least -sensitive in detecting differences between cries. Two information-prcessing, measures response time and heart rate, were also collected and showed that greater sensitivity was associated with more efficient processing of the cry signal.