[Quantitative estimation of tumor size and density by computed tomography images during adaptive radiation therapy].

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate clinically available quantitative method (special program) of estimation dynamics of tumor size and physical density (g/cm3) during adaptive radiation therapy of cancer patients for any occasion of visualization of tumor borders including the cases when tumor border is not clearly visualized. It has been showed quantitative information content of this method that could be used in clinical practice.

[Quantitative evaluation of the quality of external beam radiotherapy planning of patients with cervical cancer].

The evaluation of the quality of external radiotherapy plans in patients with cervical cancer was performed. There was analyzed homogeneity index in the target volume (PTV), conformity index and others for 53 patients. Homogeneity and conformity indexes within the tolerances were achievable in the clinic with the implementation of technology 3D CRT, IMRT and Rapid Arc. The rectum and the bladder dose for 38% of patients irradiated by -of IMRT and Rapid Arc methods was significantly less compared to the 3D CRT and was in average 31 Gy. This reflected the benefits of these technologies for radiation exposure to critical organs.

[An analytical evaluation of the peripheral blood charging parameters on the condition of the organism and its systems]. / Analiticheskaia otsenka vliianiia pokazatelei perifericheskoi krovi na sostoianie organizma i ego sistem.

Potentialities of analyzing the health condition of human organism and of its separate systems, i.e. digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, etc., by the peripheral-blood parameters and with the help of the suggested AKS-ENOFIT analytical system are demonstrated in the paper.

[Quantitative evaluation of physical vitality and quality of life in combined therapy of patients with disseminated breast cancer]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka sostoianiia sistem zhizneobespecheniia i kachestva zhizni pri kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh disseminirovannym rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

The paper discusses the criteria of quantitative presentation of data on individual sensitivities and the body's vital systems potential used in treatment of cancer patients. An index is suggested to assess damage done to a system using an "automated classifier".

[Use of an automated classifying system for the dispensary system of the population]. / Ispol'zovanie avtomatizirovannoi klassifitsiruiushchei sistemy dlia dispanserizatsii naseleniia.

While processing blood values by an automatic classifying system, human beings can be divided into healthy (normal) and unhealthy (ill) persons. In so doing, one can evaluate the status of the body's individual systems (gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs, locomotor apparatus, heart and vessels, urinary, endocrine, hemopoietic, and female genital organs, the central nervous system), which allows a physician to find a source of poor health from the very onset of disease.

[Radiotherapy: metrological provision]. / Metrologicheskoe obespechenie luchevoi terapii.

The accuracy of delivering the dose of radiation during the therapy is determined by many factors. Its enhancement requires substantial material costs. All the requirements for enhancing the accuracy are shown to be outrageous as the proportion of negative results of treatment virtually does not vary with the dosimetric and technical equipping of radiation therapy. This must alter its technical equipping policy without increasing the requirements for the accuracy of dosimetric measurements.

[The shaping of radiation doses and of dose-effect curves for patients undergoing x-ray studies]. / Formirovanie dozovykh nagruzok i krivykh doza--éffekt dlia patsientov, podvergaiushchikhsia rentgenologicheskim issledovaniiam.

Human peripheral blood values are used to define an effective dose at X-ray study. Processing is made on a technical unit comprising a blood analyzer and a computer supplied by a so-called automatic classifying system. The program is based on the recognition of images with nonstatistical assessment. A dose-effect could be first plotted in the range of effective single radiation doses of 0.8-25 mZv.

[Monitoring the changes of the lesion and of the patient's health condition in the course of radiotherapy]. / Kontrol' za izmeneniem patologicheskogo ochaga i sostoianiia zdorov'ia bol'nogo v protsesse vypolneniia luchevoi terapii.

The effect of therapy of malignancies is at present monitored by X-ray procedures on the basis of the dynamics of the size of lesion. Since such approach fails to provide data on the structure of lesion changes and response to treatment, it is suggested that structural changes in cells of exposed tissues can by monitored by using densitometric data obtained from mammograms and (computed) tomograms, to assess density changes in tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Recovery involves certain systemic changes which can be identified using certain peripheral blood indices; the latter are evaluated using non-statistical applications of the theory of pattern recognition and cluster analysis.

[Quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of radiotherapy]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka éffektivnosti luchevoi terapii.

The paper proposes a procedure for processing computed tomograms, which records changes in the density and size of the tissue portion exposed to radiation within the preset cross section of layers. Examples of management of 4 patients with various tumorous processes on radiation therapy are presented. The procedure of computed diagnostic processing of computed tomograms gives rather new quantitative information on the changes occurring in the pathological focus and its adjacent healthy tissues, which may lead to the efficiency of radiation therapy.

[Quantitative method of assessing the effectiveness of radiotherapy of malignant neoplasms based on computerized tomography data]. / Kolichestvennyi metod otsenki éffektivnosti luchevoi terapii zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii po dannym komp'iuternoi tomografii.

Computed tomography assesses the linear coefficient of X-ray radiation decrease in the tissue and hence determines changes in its density thus allowing one to control the destruction of tumor cells and tissues during treatment. The paper proposes a procedure for determining the sizes and density of a tumor along the chosen linear direction crossing the image of a pathological focus. The whole procedure is performed by the special computer programme "Diaglmag". The equations that characterize the dynamics of using the parameters used before, during, and after treatment are presented. Baseline information on the optic image densities on a computer tomogram is obtained with a graphic scanner. The examples presented in the paper show it feasible to solve a difficult task to determine the effect of treatment. This enables a treatment regimen to be corrected in time or modified.

[Use of a program package for comparison of radiographic images of tissues during treatment]. / Primenenie programmnogo kompleksa dlia sopostavleniia rentgenovskikh izobrazhenii tkanei v protsesse lecheniia.

The paper outlines some possibilities of evaluating the status of tissues with a software package in order to judge the efficiency of conservative treatment. The results are substantiated on the basis of clinical and experimental findings.

[Metrological support of clinical dosimetry]. / Metrologicheskoe obespechenie klinicheskoi dozimetrii.

The main requirement for the dosimetric support of radiation therapy for cancer disease is the necessity of keeping the high accuracy of dosimetric planning of radiation therapy. This dosimetric planning involves a number of components including the measurement of the supporting dose, the establishment of a correct orientation of a primary beam, the receipt of accurate data on the distribution of organs and tissues in the radiation area. In fact, in all the above components there are errors in the estimation of the basic values, which totally determine the total error in the dosimetric planning of radiation therapy. The paper analyzes the constituents of the errors and show their requirements to be met at the present stage of dosimetric works.

[Use of x-ray scanning densitometry and computerized tomography in the evaluation of the effect of tumor treatment]. / Primenenie rentgenovskoi skaniruiushchei densitometrii i kompiuternoi tomografii dlia otsenki éffekta lecheniia opukholi.

The paper considers the ways of quantitative assessment of changes occurring in the density and size of a tumorous focus during its treatment (radiation, chemical and hormonal therapies). They are based on scanning densitometric techniques by identifying quantitative integral and differential parameters. The parameters are used to assess tissue alterations by applying computerized tomography. The investigations into the impact of radiation and chemotherapy on tumor tissue in breast and lung cancers have indicated that scanning densitometry and computerized tomography may be used to evaluate therapeutical effects.