[Rates of physical development as a marker of the quality of metabolic control in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus]. / Tempy fizicheskogo razvitiia kak marker kachestva metabolicheskogo kontrolia u detei i podrostkov s sakharnym diabetom.

Physical development of 710 children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was studied over time. The patients were divided into 3 groups: with growth rate above the 25th percentile of the age norm, with growth rate below the 10th percentile of the norm, and with growth rates between the 10th and 25th percentiles of age norm. Analysis showed that (a) the presence of manifest decompensation (HbA1) higher than 12%, frequent ketoacidosis episodes is a factor of high risk of reduction of physical development rate in children and adolescents with IDDM; (b) the mean statistical rates of diabetic adolescents growth are characterized by delayed (by 1 to 2 years vs. the norm) pubertal growth "skip", and this growth skip in the patients is more levelled and stretched in time, and in some cases is virtually nor manifest; (c) if good compensation is attained and maintained after previous prolonged decompensation, compensating growth rates may develop in patients of both sexes both in childhood and adolescence.

[Limited mobility of the joints: A complication of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]. / Ogranichenie podvizhnosti sustavov--oslozhnenie sakharnogo diabeta u detei i podrostkov.

The incidence of a specific complication, limited mobility of the joints (mainly of interphalangeal joints of the hand), was estimated in 108 patients aged 6 to 22 with insulin-dependent diabetes of 5 and more years duration. It was found to be high: 44%. This complication more frequently develops in cases of poor metabolic control and longer disease duration. Limited mobility of the joints in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes permits predict in them with a 50% probability early manifestations of retinopathy and nephropathy. A classification of this complication by three degrees is offered.

[Activities of antioxidant defense enzymes in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Aktivnost' fermentov antioksidantnoi zashchity pri insulinzavisimom sakharnom diabete u detei.

Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in 60 children aged 5 to 15 with insulin-dependent diabetes of various degrees of compensation and duration. Measurements of glutathione peroxidase were found to be the most informative marker of the status of antioxidant defense system.

[Mortality in children with diabetes mellitus in Moscow]. / Letal'nost' sredi detei s sakharnym diabetom v Moskve.

Analysis of the mortality of children with insulin-dependent diabetes in Moscow in the eighties revealed a very high specific incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, the principal cause of lethal outcomes occurring in the period of the disease manifestation in more than a half of the analyzed cases. Mortality index among children with diabetes was found higher than in countries with well-developed economy. The overwhelming majority of untimely lethal outcomes of diabetes mellitus in childhood may be prevented.

[Constitutional and dermatoglyphic characteristics of children with diabetes mellitus]. / Konstitutsional'no-dermatoglificheskaia kharakteristika detei s sakharnym diabetom.

A group of Russian children with clinically diagnosed diabetes mellitus were examined using a comprehensive constitutional dermatoglyphic program. Pattern asymmetry was observed in children of both sexes. On the whole the examined population was characterized by reduced incidence of loop patterns and increased incidence of double-delta patterns. In boys the incidence of arches and coils was higher and that of loops lower than in controls, in girls there were no arches and the incidence of radical and ulnar loops was low. Analysis of genetically determined signs, both anthropometric and dermatoglyphic ones, and use of other criteria will help assess the significance of these signs as markers of risk of development of type I diabetes.

[Diabetes mellitus incidence and its prevalence in Moscow]. / Zabolevaemost' sakharnym diabetom i ego rasprostranennost' v Moskve.

Epidemiologic survey of two diabetes mellitus types in Moscow has shown that the incidence of type I diabetes markedly increases from birth (0.012-0.013%) to the age of 10-14 (0.04-0.045%), after which somewhat reduces (0.02-0.03%) and thus persists up to 40. Type I diabetes prevalence increases from 0.002-0.004% at the age of 0 to 4 years to 0.14-0.092% by the age of 35-39 in men and women, respectively. Type II diabetes is diagnosed after the age of 20. At the age of 20 to 24 this diabetes incidence is lower than that of type I condition; at the age of 25-34 the incidence of both is approximately the same, and after 35 the incidence of type II is much higher than that of type I diabetes. Type II diabetes prevalence by the age of 40 is 0.074 and 0.122% in men and women, respectively. Prevalence of diabetes cases treated with diets and oral sugar-reducing drugs at the age 75 and older is 4.3% in men and 5.5% in women, of insulin-treated cases 1.2 and 0.5%, respectively. The true prevalence of type II diabetes is however higher and that of type I condition lower than the resultant values; this is explained by a frequent prescription of insulin to elderly patients with type II diabetes because of complications or concomitant diseases.

[Epidemic outbreaks of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Epidemicheskie vspyshki zabolevaemosti insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Analysis of annual and seasonal incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children living in 4 Russian cities in the 1980s has shown only four rises of annual morbidity in three cities, but only one of them recorded in 1983 in Moscow conformed to the criteria of an epidemic outbreak of the disease. The incidence of the disease predominated by 29% in autumn-winter, though there was no clear-cut correlation between diabetes incidence, on the one hand, and incidence of influenza and acute respiratory diseases, on the other.