[The sarcopenia: a multicomponent strategy for therapy (review of literature).]

Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of muscle mass, accompanied by a decrease in muscle function and/or strength, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for adverse outcomes in the weak elderly. The proven Association between hypodynamia, low-calorie diet, insufficient protein intake, and sarcopenia in older individuals suggests that exercise and targeted dietary supplements may have a significant therapeutic effect on the treatment and prevention of this condition. In this literature review, we summarize available data on the positive effects of various therapeutic interventions on muscle tissue.

[Variants of postoperative delirium suppression in elderly patients.]

To study the effectiveness of the inclusion of Cytoflavin in the management of postoperative delirium treating in elderly patients. Analyzed the results of treatment of 89 elderly patients (65-74 years) who, according to similar emergency indications, underwent surgery and postoperatively showed signs of delirium (according to the DDS scale ≥8 points). Depending on the treatment regimen, the patients were divided into three groups: in the first (n=32) group, bromodihydrochlorophenylbenzodiazepine was administered intravenously (1-5 min) in a dose of 1 mg in the 1st group (n=32) to the group (patients of the 2nd group (n=28) with the same purpose and at the same time cytoflavin was injected: 10 ml of the drug in dilution per 200 ml of 10% glucose solution intravenously at a rate of 140 drops (7 ml) per minute. Patients of 3rd group (n=29) were injected with ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate intravenous (within 5-7 min) at a dose of 200 mg. The condition was assessed using the SOFA, DDS and RASS scales. The inclusion of drugs with antioxidant/membrane-protective action (Cytoflavin and ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) in the treatment regimen of postoperative delirium in the elderly increases the effectiveness of treatment, which is manifested in more rapid relief of the condition. When comparing the efficacy of Cytoflavin and ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, it was noted that in a number of indicators (restoration of spontaneous breathing, improvement after the first dose and complete relief of signs of delirium) both drugs showed comparable results, however, when assessing the depth of sedation (on the RASS scale), Cytoflavin was more effective (p=0,001).The obtained results of the effectiveness of cytoflavin in combination with good patient tolerance allows us to recommend the inclusion of the drug in the treatment regimens of this pathology.

[Clinical effectiveness of cytoflavin inclusion in intensive care of patients with combined traumatic brain injury].

Autors determine the clinical effectiveness of including cytoflavin in intensive care of patients with severe combined traumatic brain injury. A prospective blind randomized controlled study was conducted on two groups involving 101 participants. In group I (58 patients), the intensive care was standard. In group II (43 patients), the intensive care included cytoflavin which was added beginning with the second day of the post-traumatic period. For this purpose, 10 ml of cytoflavin was dissolved in 200 ml of 10% aqueous solution of glucose and was administered intravenously at a speed of 140 drops (7 ml) per minute within 7 days. The use of cytoflavin in complex intensive care of severe combined traumatic brain injury within two days after injury (with the proper correction of blood circulation and respiration) reduced the number of multiple organ dysfunctions, the number is purulent-septic complications, the time of regress in multiple organ dysfunctions, and the reanimation period in intensive care department on the average by a factor of 1.4 - 1.6 (p < 0.005).

[Efficiency of intensive care with cytoflavin in patients of advanced age in combined traumatic brain injury].

Research objective--determination of efficiency of intensive care with inclusion Cytoflavin in patients of old age in combined traumatic brain injury. A prospective controlled blind randomized study was conducted. In 1st group (21 people) the patients received a standard intensive care, in 2nd group (18 persons) Cytoflavin was included in complex intensive care. Using Cytoflavin starting from 2 days post-traumatic period (with the correction of blood circulation and respiration) had antioxidant and detoxification effects, contributed to the recovery rate of free radical and metabolic processes, reduced the degree of impairment in the structural-functional state of membranes and restored the conformational structure of membrane proteins in the earlier periods. Reduction in reactions of disadaptation led to regression of multiple organ dysfunctions, restoration the level of consciousness at an earlier date. The number of cases of severe respiratory distress syndrome decreased.

[The involvement of lidocaine and tetrodotoxin-sensitive current in the generation of action potentials with low DV/DT max in the cells of the mouse sinoauricular region].

The effects of the specific blockers of the inward Na-current --lidocaine and tetrodotoxin (TTX) were studied with microelectrode technique on the spontaneously beating strips of the mouse sinoauricular (SA) area. Lidocaine (25 microM) and TTX (25 pM) increased the duration of the peak of the action potentials (AP) of true pacemaker cells by extending the plateau phase (phase 2 or APD 20), slowing the dV/dt max from 2.6 +/- 0.8 V/s (n = 25) to 1.4 +/- 0.3 V/s (n = 5, p < 0.05) and reducing the velocity of diastolic depolarization (DD) by 20%. The extend of the dV/dt max value decline depended on the lidocaine concentration. The experimental data fully meted to Hill equation. The lidocaine threshold concentration was 20 microM. The lidocaine effective concentration which decreased dV/dt max by 50% (EC50) was 35 microM. The TTX (25 microM) exposure decreased the dV/dt max from 1.6 V/s to 0.8 V/s and DD velocity slowed by 49%. It should be noted that TTX also increased the duration of APD20. Our data show that dV/ dt max of the true pacemaker cells was reduced by 35-45% after exposure to TTX and lidocaine. This fact confirms the involvement of Na-current in the generation of the upstroke true pacemaker cells AP.

[Analysis of structure of concomitant traumatic brain injury based on multi-field hospital data].

The structure and the circumstances of injury were studied in patients with severe TBI. 110 cases were studied retrospectively. More than 70% of the patients were from 20 to 60 years old, most of them men (80,91%). The main cause of injury was road accident (59,09%). 56,36% of patients were taken to hospital within the first hour after the accident. The average score by Glasgow scale was 8 (6;12). Lowest scores were registered in patients after railroad accidents [7,5(5;10)], in pedestrians [8(5;12)] and passengers [9 (6;12)] after road accidents and in criminal trauma cases [9,5(8;11)]. The most severe injuries by PTS scale were registered in patients after railroad accidents [50(44;56)], in criminal trauma cases [39(36;41)] and in pedestrians [31(22;42)]. The injuries were often accompanied by subarachnoid hemorrhage (46,36%). The most often outcome among patients with intracerebral hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, chest and pelvis injury was death. Thus we carried out retrospective analysis and studied the structure and the circumstances of TBI in Rostov on Don.

Decomposition of strong nonlinear oscillations via modified continuous wavelet transform.

We propose the modification of the complex wavelet transform adapted for an analysis of strong nonlinear oscillations with a shape far from sinusoidal. It is based on the rotation of transform modulus obtained via usage of the Morlet wavelet in such a way that higher harmonics are merged with a main one. The method is illustrated by application to the analysis of regular and chaotic oscillations generated by the Rössler system.

[Simultaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gynecologic operative procedures].

Treatment results of 64 patients who had simultaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gynecologic surgery were compared with treatment results of 66 patients after simultaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gynecologic surgery, performed through laparotomy. The influence of carboxyperitoneum on central hemodynamics and terms of its normalization, time of patients' recovery and number of complications were thoroughly studied. Simultaneous laparoscopic surgery proved to be more preferable, allowing manipulations on different levels of the abdominal cavity, lower operative stress, earlier patient activization, better esthetic effect and economic profit.

[Norepinephrine-induced pressor diuresis blockade as a possible cause of hypertension].

The effect of norepinephrine infusion at a constant rate (0.8 or 2.5 microg/kg/min), i.v.) on the diuiresis, sodium excretion with urine, glomerular filtration, and arterial pressure (AP) was studied in acute experiments on dogs. The sodium excretion was calculated as percentage relative to the filtration charge. Norepinephrine infusion at a constant rate of 0.8 microg/kg/min led to an increase in the urine volume, in the amount of excreted sodium with increased AP (pressor diuresis effect), and glomerular filtration with increasing AP, while the level of reabsorption remained unchanged. An increase in the infusion rate to 2.5 microg/kg/min, led to a decrease in the urine volume, the level of sodium excretion, and the rate of glomerular filtration. In this case, the AP level was higher than that in the first series of experiments, and the level of sodium reabsorption was increased.

[The use of bioregulator of the cytomedine class--epitalamin--in the treatment of combined craniocerebral trauma]. / Ispol'zovanie bioreguliatora klassa tsitomedinov épitalamina v kompleksnoi intensivnoi terapii sochetannoi cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

The combined craniocerebral trauma is accompanied by an impaired brain function in respect to regulating the entire organism and extends the neurohumoral processes of metabolism. The use of a bioregulator of the cytomedine class--epitalamin--is an actual trend in the treatment of the above pathology.

[The pharmacological blockade of protein glycosylation in diabetes mellitus using sulfonylurea derivatives and biguanides]. / Farmakologicheskaia blokada glikozilirovaniia belkov pri sakharnom diabete proizvodnymi sul'fonilmocheviny i biguanidami.

A hypothesis is advanced, according to which substances containing an amino group can compete with glucose in binding with protein groups and inhibiting in this way glycosylation. Screening in vitro experiments with nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, piracetam, panangin, ascorbic acid, bucarban, betanase, and adebit in a concentration of 10(-3) M were performed. Bucarban, betanase, and adebit were found to be capable of inhibiting glycosylation. Daily oral administration of bucarban and adebit in therapeutic doses for one month reduced the blood fructosamine level in rats with alloxan diabetes without changing the level of glycemia.

[Relationship between serum selenium level and lipid spectrum in patients with diabetes mellitus type I]. / Vzaimosviaz' urovnia selena s lipidnym spektrom v syvorotke krovi u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom I tipa.

The purpose of the work was to study correlation between blood Se levels and lipid fractions in patients with severe type I diabetes mellitus. Great individual variations of Se blood concentrations were noted in diabetic patients. There was no statistically significant difference from Se levels in healthy persons. Positive correlation of Se levels with the atherogenic factors and negative correlation with antiatherogenic factors were noted in the control group.

[Chronic experimental testing of a new formulated fish product--an analog of salmon based on isolated krill protein]. / Issledovanie v khronicheskom éksperimente novogo strukturirovannogo ryboprodukta--analoga miasa lososevykh, poluchaemogo na osnove izolirovannykh belkov krilia.

White non-inbred rats received rations with varying content of the test fish product. Animals given the ration with casein served as controls. The changes in the animals' body mass, the relative mass of the internal organs, as well as their morphology and parameters of protein and lipid metabolism were studied. The analysis of the results obtained has shown that the fish product investigated in the amounts comprising 1.8 and 4.5% of the total calorific value of the ration produces no changes in the animal's body.

[Pharmcodynamic evaluation of the use of anaprilin combined with merkazolil for the therapy of thyrotoxicosis]. / Farmakodinamicheskaia otsenka primeneniia anaprilina v sochetanii s merkazolilom dlia terapii tireotoksikoza.

Anaprilin pharmacodynamics was studied in thyrotoxicosis patients. The clinical therapeutic effect of anaprilin, mercazolyl and their combinations was studied. In anaprilin therapy the drug should be individually dosed out with regard to its basal concentration in the blood and the degree of pulse retardation at rest. An adequate anaprilin dose for most patients was 160 mg/day. Anaprilin-mercazolyl combined therapy resulted in more retarded pulse as compared to a single drug therapy with anaprilin. The effect of anaprilin was potentiated by mercazolyl doses which did not by themselves cause a positive cardiovascular effect in the first two weeks of therapy.

[Levels of tetracycline residues in meat products]. / Soderzhanie ostatochnykh kolichestv tetratsiklinov v miasnykh produktakh.

The paper concerns the determination in rabbit experiments of tetracycline antibiotics in meat products and in half-finished meat products. Discusses the degree of chlortetracycline inactivation in meat products exposed to thermal treatment. Residual amounts of antibiotics detected both in meat samples and in half-finished products as well as the effect of thermal treatment on antibiotic inactivation in relation to their content in the products require that strict control should be exercised over the use of antibiotics in animal breeding.