[Assesment of the nutrition and antioxidant activity of biological liquids in students].

Studying of quality of nutrition of students is of great importance as it is one of the major factors defining the state of health, especially during the periods of adaptation to the changing conditions of the environment and stressful situations. Stability or, on the contrary, predisposition to stressor violations is defined by numerous factors including the nutritive status of an organism. The purpose of the research was the analysis of the actual diet of the studying youth during educational process and assessment antioxidant activity of biological liquids of an organism. 74 students shared in a research: 30 young men and 44 girls. For assessment of the actual nutrition a method of the food diary within 5 days, excepting days off and holidays, has been used. It has been established that frequency of a meal at most of students was 3-4 times a day. Most of students consumed the first dishes1-2 times a week (56.7% of young men and 63.6% of girls), at the same time these dishes were absent in a diet at 13.6% of girls. The second dishes were present in the diet of all students. In both groups the average index of body weight was in limits of norm (18.5-25.0 kg/m2). At the same time body weight was reduced at 6.7% of young men and 11.4% of girls; excess body weight was revealed at 20.0% of young men and 6.8% of girls. 73.3% of young men and 81.8% of girls had normal body weight. In young men the calorie content of the diet, the protein and fat content slightly differed from the norm. At the same time, a carbohydrate imbalance was observed - an increase in the proportion of simple carbohydrates (sugars) (p≤0.05) and a decrease in the content of starch and dietary fiber (p≤0.05). In girls, protein intake was below the normal level and a similar carbohydrate imbalance was noted (p≤0.05). The content of vitamins in the diet of both boys and girls was reduced. Youngsters had a deficiency of ß-carotene and vitamin C, in girls it was aggravated with vitamins B1 and B2 (p≤0.05). In the diet of the surveyed, a deficiency of such minerals as calcium and magnesium was noted; in girls - potassium, phosphorus and iron in addition (p≤0.05). Excessive element in the diet was sodium. In the diet of young men the content of phosphorus and iron exceeded the norm. Thus, the analysis of the diet of students indicated a lack and imbalance in the content of both macroand micronutrients, which was most pronounced in girls. The total antioxidant activity of biological liquids of an organism - blood serum, urine and saliva (determined by amperometric method using a system for liquid chromatography) decreased among: urine, blood serum, saliva. Blood serum of young men possessed greater antioxidant activity than in girls; while in urine the dependence was reversed. Thus, in order to increase the antioxidant status of the organism during periods of adaptation and stress, a qualitative and quantitative balance of the diet and increased consumption of antioxidants is necessary.

[Use of peptide bioregulators in intoxication with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid]. / Ispol'zovanie peptidnykh bioreguliatorov pri otravlenii gerbitsidom 2,4-dikhlorfenoksiuksusnoi kisloty.

The paper shows it promising to use peptide bioregulators--fractions obtained from the cattle immune system (thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes) during immunotherapy for intoxication experimentally caused by the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Oral administration of the fractions in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight eliminated the suppressive effect of the herbicide on murine cellular and humoral immune reactions, which manifested by the recovery of the studied parameters to those in control animals.

[Comparative analysis of disorders in duodenal lymphoid tissue of mice treated with azathioprine and herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and their correction by plant and animal origin remedies]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz narushenii v limfoidnoi tkani dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki u myshei pri deistvii azatioprina i gerbitsida 2,4-dikhlorfenoksiuksusnoi kisloty i ikh korrektsiia sredstvami rastitel'nogo i zhivotnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Comparative study of disturbances of intramural duodenal lymphoid tissue in mice, which were induced by the action of "classical" immunosuppressing drug azathioprine and by herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) showed similar immunosuppressing effect that was more potent after herbicide treatment. Significant reduction in the number of the cells of lymphoid series found in the duodenal wall was accompanied by inflammatory-destructive processes and adipose tissue outgrowth. Administration of hypolipidemic plant extract to animals immunosuppressed with either azathioprine or herbicide 2,4-D, promoted the restoration of intramural duodenal morphological structures and the restitution of lymphoid cell parameters in lamina propria practically to the level of control values. The results obtained indicate the immuno-correcting effect of the plant extract, which is determined by a rich complex of biologically active substances of its components. Active thymic fraction (AFT-2) was also found to possess an immuno-correcting effect, promoting the restoration of cellular composition of diffuse lymphoid tissue in duodenal lamina propria. Immuno-correcting effect of AFT-2 seems to result from the activity of its component thymic peptides.

[Correction of immunodeficiency status caused by herbicide 2,4-D in experiment]. / Korrektsiia immunodefitsitnogo sostoianiia, vyzvannogo gerbitsidom 2,4-D v éksperimente.

A possibility to correct the immunodeficiency state, caused by herbicide 2.4-D (20 mg/kg of weight daily during 5 days), by using immunomodulators Levamisole (perorally), Tactivinum (hypodermically) and Spleninum (hepodermically) in reactions Graft-versus-Host (GH), Antibody-Forming Cells (AFG) and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in vivo and in vitro etc, was studied in experiments with 360 mice of lines CBA and F1 (CBAxC57B1/6) weighing 18 to 22 g. It was established that Levamisole (2.5 mg/kg per body weight, for 1 to 3 days) and Tactivinum (0.2 mkg/mouse, for 1 to 3 days) had an immunocorrecting effect in poisoning by 2.4-D. Spleninum (10 mcl/mouse) corrected mainly the humoral chain in the immune response with the AFG recovery to the level observed in intact animals (controls). The data on the influence produced by the immunomodulators on the phagocytic activity in vitro correlated with such data obtained in vivo.