Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale - 2 among Brazilian gender-expansive individuals and transgender men.

Among gender-expansive individuals and transgender men, body appreciation can play a protective role against minority stressors and is associated with gender euphoria. The Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015) is a leading measure of body appreciation that has been mainly validated in cisgender and mixed-gender samples; however, it has not been validated among Brazilian gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. Therefore, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the BAS-2 among adult Brazilian gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. Participants (158 gender-expansive individuals and 138 transgender men) were recruited through social media in Brazil. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported the original 10-item, unidimensional solution. Multigroup CFA showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the BAS-2 between gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. Moreover, the BAS-2 demonstrated significant negative associations, ranging from small to large, with self-objectification, drive for muscularity, and appearance-ideal internalization. We also found good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the measure. Taken together, our results support the psychometric properties of the BAS-2 among Brazilian gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. The present work offers a valuable contribution towards better understanding facets of positive body image across gender-expansive and transgender populations.

Examining eating disorder pathology and self-stigma of help-seeking behaviors in a community sample of sexual minority adults: an intersectional investigation of race and gender.

BACKGROUND: Self-stigma of seeking psychological help is a critical factor prohibiting individuals from seeking eating disorder (ED) treatment, but has been widely unexplored in racial/ethnic and sexual minority (SM) samples. The current study examined differences in ED pathology and self-stigma of help-seeking at the intersection of race and gender within a cisgender SM sample. METHODS: Cisgender SM participants (n = 354) identifying as Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC; 52%), Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI; 24%), or White (24%) were recruited through Prolific Academic. One-way analyses of variance were used to examine differences in the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (SSOSH) and Eating Pathology Symptom Inventory (EPSI) subscales among men and women in each group. Pearson's correlations explored associations between SSOSH and EPSI subscales within each subgroup. RESULTS: Findings indicated significant between-group differences on the SSOSH and the EPSI subscales of Body Dissatisfaction, Purging, and Excessive Exercise. SSOSH was significantly positively correlated with Body Dissatisfaction in the White SM cis-women group and Binge Eating in the BIPOC SM cis-men group. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate unique, intersectional between-group differences in ED pathology and self-stigma among SM individuals. Further research on the impact of intersectionality on these constructs within larger samples is warranted.

Differential effects of community involvement on eating disorder prevention outcomes in sexual minority men.

Prior research has been conflicted on whether gay community involvement serves as a risk or protective factor for body image and eating disorders (EDs) in sexual minority men (SMM), perhaps given that prior research has examined community involvement unidimensionally. The present study examined whether non-appearance-based ("social activism") and appearance-based ("going out/nightlife") community involvement differentially predicted ED prevention outcomes in SMM. SMM (N = 73) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of an ED prevention program completed measures of community involvement, drive for muscularity, body dissatisfaction, and bulimic symptoms at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. "Social activism" community involvement moderated intervention effects for drive for muscularity and body dissatisfaction scores, but not bulimic symptoms, such that those who placed higher importance on social activism demonstrated expected improvements, while those who placed lower importance on social activism did not exhibit expected improvements. "Going out/nightlife" community involvement did not moderate intervention outcomes; however, greater importance of going out/nightlife was associated with increased body dissatisfaction. Findings support that the impact of community involvement on body image and ED risk for SMM may be nuanced. Encouraging community involvement through activism could help enhance ED prevention efforts for SMM.

Renal Mass Imaging with MRI Clear Cell Likelihood Score: A User's Guide.

Small solid renal masses (SRMs) are frequently detected at imaging. Nearly 20% are benign, making careful evaluation with MRI an important consideration before deciding on management. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cell carcinoma subtype with potentially aggressive behavior. Thus, confident identification of ccRCC imaging features is a critical task for the radiologist. Imaging features distinguishing ccRCC from other benign and malignant renal masses are based on major features (T2 signal intensity, corticomedullary phase enhancement, and the presence of microscopic fat) and ancillary features (segmental enhancement inversion, arterial-to-delayed enhancement ratio, and diffusion restriction). The clear cell likelihood score (ccLS) system was recently devised to provide a standardized framework for categorizing SRMs, offering a Likert score of the likelihood of ccRCC ranging from 1 (very unlikely) to 5 (very likely). Alternative diagnoses based on imaging appearance are also suggested by the algorithm. Furthermore, the ccLS system aims to stratify which patients may or may not benefit from biopsy. The authors use case examples to guide the reader through the evaluation of major and ancillary MRI features of the ccLS algorithm for assigning a likelihood score to an SRM. The authors also discuss patient selection, imaging parameters, pitfalls, and areas for future development. The goal is for radiologists to be better equipped to guide management and improve shared decision making between the patient and treating physician. © RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material. See the invited commentary by Pedrosa in this issue.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis C: a cross-sectional study of persons who inject drugs in Puerto Rico, 2018.

BACKGROUND: People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) are at a higher risk of acquiring bloodborne infections. We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in PWID and identify correlates and risk factors using data from the Puerto Rico National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, PWID cycle 5, conducted in 2018. METHODS: A total of 502 San Juan Metropolitan Statistical Area participants were recruited through the Respondent Driven Sampling method. Sociodemographic, health-related, and behavioral characteristics were assessed. Testing for HCV antibodies was completed after the face-to-face survey. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Overall seroprevalence of HCV was 76.5% (95% CI: 70.8-81.4%). A significantly (p < 0.05) higher HCV seroprevalence was observed among PWID with the following characteristics: heterosexuals (78.5%), high school graduates (81.3%), tested for sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the past 12 months (86.1%), frequent speedball injection (79.4%), and knowing the HCV serostatus of the last sharing partner (95.4%). Adjusted logistic regression models showed that having completed high school and reported STI testing in the past 12 months were significantly associated with HCV infection (ORa = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.06-4.69; ORa = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.06-4.30, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We report a high seroprevalence of HCV infection in PWID. Social health disparities and potential missed opportunities validate the continuing call for local action for public health and prevention strategies.

Provider-Initiated HIV Testing in Puerto Rico from Data of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance-Heterosexual Cycle (NHBS-HET) 2016: National Cross-sectional Survey.

BACKGROUND: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization guidelines, all individuals aged 13-64 years should get screened for HIV infection as part of their routine medical examinations. Individuals at high risk should get tested annually. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic, health care, and sexual behavioral characteristics of provider-initiated HIV testing using data from the Puerto Rico National HIV Behavioral Surveillance 2016 cycle, directed toward heterosexual individuals at increased risk of HIV infection. METHODS: A sample of 358 eligible participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling, where sociodemographic characteristics, health care use, and HIV test referral were used to assess a description of the study sample. Pearson chi-square and Fisher tests were used to evaluate proportional differences. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between independent variables and HIV test referral. Adjusted prevalence ratios by sex and age with their 95% CIs were determined using a statistical significance level of .05. RESULTS: Despite 67.9% (243/358) of participants showing high-risk sexual behavioral practices and 67.4% (236/350) reporting a low perceived risk of HIV infection among those who visited a health care provider within the last 12 months, 80.7% (289/358) of the study sample did not receive an HIV test referral at a recent medical visit. Multivariate analysis showed that the estimated prevalence of the participants who received an HIV test referral among those who reported being engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors was 41% (adjusted prevalence ratio .59, 95% CI .39-.91; P=.02) lower than the estimated prevalence among those who did not engage in high-risk sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS: This sample of Puerto Rican adults reported a significantly lower prevalence of receiving an HIV test referral among heterosexual individuals at increased risk of HIV infection who engaged in high-risk behaviors. This study further emphasizes the need for health care providers to follow recommended guidelines for HIV test referrals in health care settings. Promotion practices in the future should include enhancing referral and access to HIV tests and implementing preventive measures to counteract the HIV epidemic in Puerto Rico.

Carcinoma micropapilar invasivo de mama: nuestra experiencia en el Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín / Micropapillary invasive breast carcinoma: our experience at the Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín

Introducción: El carcinoma micropapilar invasivo de la mama (CMI) es una variante agresivapoco frecuente caracterizada por gran linfotropismo y alta frecuencia de metástasis ganglionares. Se correlaciona con tumores con alto grado histológico. La expresión de receptores hormonales es similar al carcinoma ductal y el HER2/neu se encuentra elevado en mayor proporción. Objetivos: Describir nuestra experiencia con los casos de CMI diagnosticados en el servicio del hospital, detallando los factores de pronóstico y predicción de tratamientos presentes en cada caso. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 26 casos de CMI diagnosticados entre los años 2000 y 2012 en la Sección Patología Mamaria del Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín. Resultados: De 878 pacientes, 26 casos presentaron CMI (2,96%), edad media de 66 años (37-87 años). El tamaño tumoral varió de 0,4 a 10,0 cm (mediana de 2,1 cm). El 47,6% se presentaron clínicamente como estadio III; 12 casos eran G2 (46,1%) y 14 casos G3 (53,9%). Presentó invasión linfovascular el 73% de los casos. Presentaron compromiso ganglionar 13/19 pacientes (68,4%). Los receptores de estrógeno fueron positivos en el 100% de los casos y los de progesterona en el 63,6%. El HER2/neu fue positivo en 30% de los casos (6/20). El Ki67 fue evaluado en 6 casos, siendo positivo en el 50% (3 casos). Conclusión: El CMI se manifiesta como un tumor altamente agresivo. Se presenta clínicamente con estadios avanzados, alto grado histológico y marcada invasión linfovascular del estroma, alta expresión positiva para receptores hormonales y un nivel algo superior, con respecto al carcinoma ductal, de inmunorreactividad para HER2/neu (30% vs. 15%).

Conservación de la mama en el tratamiento multidisciplinario del cáncer localmente avanzado / Breast conservation in the multidisciplinary treatment of the locally advanced cancer

En los últimos años 143 pacientes con cáncer de mama estadio III han sido incluídas en protocolos con QT primaria. Hasta hoy 114 recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico. Desde el año 1990, 22 de ellas (19,3 por ciento) pudieron ser operadas con cuadrantectomía y vaciamiento ganglionar axilar. Se analizan las respuestas al tratamiento sistémico con evaluación clínica, mamográfica y ecográfica y se comparan con el resultado histopatológico, tanto en la mama como en la axila. De estas 22 así tratadas hay 10 pacientes con más de dos años de seguimiento: 7 viven libres de enfermedad, 2 fallecieron por metástasis a distancia y 1 se considera perdida. No hubo recidivas locales hasta la actualidad. Los resultados estéticos se consideran aceptables. Se concluye resaltando la importancia para la calidad de vida, de realizar un tratamiento conservador en pacientes con cáncer localmente avanzado tratadas con QT de inducción.

Conservación de la mama en el tratamiento multidisciplinario del cáncer localmente avanzado / Breast conservation in the multidisciplinary treatment of the locally advanced cancer

En los últimos años 143 pacientes con cáncer de mama estadio III han sido incluídas en protocolos con QT primaria. Hasta hoy 114 recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico. Desde el año 1990, 22 de ellas (19,3 por ciento) pudieron ser operadas con cuadrantectomía y vaciamiento ganglionar axilar. Se analizan las respuestas al tratamiento sistémico con evaluación clínica, mamográfica y ecográfica y se comparan con el resultado histopatológico, tanto en la mama como en la axila. De estas 22 así tratadas hay 10 pacientes con más de dos años de seguimiento: 7 viven libres de enfermedad, 2 fallecieron por metástasis a distancia y 1 se considera perdida. No hubo recidivas locales hasta la actualidad. Los resultados estéticos se consideran aceptables. Se concluye resaltando la importancia para la calidad de vida, de realizar un tratamiento conservador en pacientes con cáncer localmente avanzado tratadas con QT de inducción. (AU)