Respiratory muscle strength and state of consciousness values measured prior to the decannulation in different levels of complexity. A longitudinal prospective case series study. / Valores de fuerza muscular respiratoria y estado de conciencia medido previo a la decanulación en diferentes niveles de complejidad. Estudio de serie de casos longitudinal y prospectiva.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the variables related to effective cough capacity and the state of consciousness measured prior to decannulation and compare their measured values between the different areas of care such as the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), General ward and Mechanical Ventilation Weaning and Rehabilitation Centers (MVWRC). Secondarily analyze the evolution of patients once decannulated. DESIGN: Case series, longitudinal and prospective. SCOPE: Multicentric 31 ICUs (polyvalent) and 5 MVWRC. PATIENTS: Tracheostomized adults prior to decannulation. MEASUREMENTS: Maximum expiratory pressure, peak expiratory flow coughed (PEFC), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). RESULTS: Two hundred and seven decannulated patients, 124 (60%) in ICU, 59 (28%) General ward and 24 (12%) in MVWRC. The PEFC presented differences between the patients (ICU 110 - 190 l/min versus MVWRC 167.5 - 232.5 l/min, p <.01). The GCS was different between General ward (9 -15) versus ICU (10-15) and MVWRC (12-15); p <.01 and p <.01, respectively. There were differences in the days of hospitalization (p <.01), days with tracheostomy (<0.01) and the number of patients referred at home (p =.02) between the different scenarios. CONCLUSION: There are differences in the values of PEFC and GCS observed when decannulating between different areas. A considerable number of patients are decannulated with values of PEFC and maximum expiratory pressure below the suggested cut-off points as predictors of failure in the literature. No patient in our series was decanulated with an GCS <8, this reflects the importance that the treating team gives to the state of consciousness prior to decannulation.

Retirada de la cánula de traqueostomía. Revisión bibliográfica / Removal of the cannula from tracheostomy Review bibliographic

En la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, la traqueostomía se utiliza en pacientes que requieren ventilación mecánica prolongada o en aquellos con mal manejo de las secreciones u obstrucción de la vía aérea. Una vez superado el proceso que obligó al procedimiento, se debe intentar el retiro de la cánula de traqueostomía. La decanulación de la traqueostomía debe considerarse un proceso que implica la evaluación de competencia de múltiples variables, y si bien no existen consensos ni protocolos que hayan demostrado ser útiles en el momento de realizar el proceso, consideramos necesario que el paciente esté liberado de la ventilación mecánica (salvo casos especiales), que tenga una vía aérea permeable y que logre un correcto manejo de sus secreciones bronquiales. Cada institución debe contar con un protocolo preciso y adecuado a su ambiente de trabajo. La decisión final debe tomarse de común acuerdo entre el equipo tratante.(AU)

Tracheostomy is commonly used in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation in the intensive care units, and it is also indicated in those with poor management of secretions or airway obstruction. Once the process that generated the procedure is resolved, an attempt for removal of the tracheostomy tube should be made. The tracheostomy tube decannulation should be considered a process that involves the evaluation of competence of multiple variables, for example, the patient must be without mechanical ventilation requirement (except in special cases), with airway patency and with a correct bronchial secretions management. Each institution should have a precise protocol appropriate to their work environment. The final decision should be taken in agreement with all the health care team.(AU)