RESUMO
OBJETIVO: descrever os coeficientes de prevalência e caracterizar os casos de microcefalia ao nascer no Brasil, no período 2000-2015. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Foram calculados coeficientes segundo regiões e características das mães e nascidos vivos (NV). RESULTADOS: a média anual de casos de microcefalia foi 164 no período 2000-2014, enquanto em 2015 foram registrados 1.608 casos (54,6 casos por 100 mil NV). Coeficientes mais elevados foram observados entre prematuros (81,7; IC95%72,3; 92,2), nascidos de mães pretas (70,9; IC95%58,5; 85,9) ou pardas (71,5; IC95%67,4; 75,8), com idades ≤19 (70,3; IC95%63,5; 77,8) ou ≥40 anos (62,1; IC95%46,6; 82,6), ≤3 anos de estudo (73,4; IC95%58,2; 92,4) e residentes na região Nordeste (138,7; IC95%130,9; 147,0). CONCLUSÃO: o elevado número de casos de microcefalia registrado em 2015 reforça a importância do Sinasc e do aprimoramento do sistema de vigilância das anomalias congênitas.
OBJECTIVE: to describe the prevalence coefficients and characterize cases of microcephaly at birth in Brazil from 2000-2015. METHODS: this is a descriptive study with data from the Information System on Live Births (Sinasc). The coefficients were calculated by region and characteristics of mothers and live births (LB). RESULTS: the annual average number of microcephaly cases was 164 for the period 2000-2014, whilst in 2015, 1,608 cases were registered (54.6 cases per 100 thousand LB). Higher coefficients were observed among preterm babies (81.7; 95%CI 72.3;92.2), born from black-skinned (70.9; 95%CI 58.5;85.9) or to brown-skinned (71.5; 95%CI67.4;75.8) women, to women aged ≤19 (70.3; 95%CI 63.5;77.8) or ≥40 (62.1; 95%CI 46.6;82.6), with ≤3 years of study (73.4; 95%CI 58.2;92.4) and residents in the Northeast region (138.7; 95%CI 130.9;147.0). CONCLUSION: the high number of microcephaly cases in 2015 reinforces the importance of Sinasc and the need to improve the surveillance of congenital anomalies.
OBJETIVO: describir coeficientes de prevalencia y caracterizar casos de microcefalia al nacer en Brasil, en el periodo 2000-2015. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo con datos del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Nacidos Vivos (Sinasc). Los coeficientes fueron calculados según regiones, características maternas y del nacido vivo (NV). RESULTADOS: el promedio anual de casos de microcefalia fue 164 en el periodo 2000-2014, mientras en 2015 fue 1.608 (54,6 casos por 100.000 NV). Coeficientes más elevados fueron observados entre prematuros (81,7; IC95% 72,3-92,2), nacidos de madres negras (70,9; IC95% 58,5-85,9) o pardas (71,5; IC95% 67,4-75,8), con edades ≤19 (70,3; IC95% 63,5-77,8) o ≥40 años (62,1; IC95% 46,6-82,6), ≤3 años de estudio (73,4; IC95% 58,2-92,4), y residentes del Noreste (138,7; IC95% 130,9-147,0). CONCLUSIÓN: el elevado número de casos de microcefalia, en 2015, refuerza la importancia del Sinasc y necesidad de mejorías del sistema de vigilancia de anomalías congénitas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Anormalidades Congênitas/embriologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Microcefalia/embriologia , Microcefalia/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Nascido VivoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to describe the prevalence coefficients and characterize cases of microcephaly at birth in Brazil from 2000-2015. METHODS: this is a descriptive study with data from the Information System on Live Births (Sinasc). The coefficients were calculated by region and characteristics of mothers and live births (LB). RESULTS: the annual average number of microcephaly cases was 164 for the period 2000-2014, whilst in 2015, 1,608 cases were registered (54.6 cases per 100 thousand LB). Higher coefficients were observed among preterm babies (81.7; 95%CI 72.3;92.2), born from black-skinned (70.9; 95%CI 58.5;85.9) or to brown-skinned (71.5; 95%CI67.4;75.8) women, to women aged ≤19 (70.3; 95%CI 63.5;77.8) or ≥40 (62.1; 95%CI 46.6;82.6), with ≤3 years of study (73.4; 95%CI 58.2;92.4) and residents in the Northeast region (138.7; 95%CI 130.9;147.0). CONCLUSION: the high number of microcephaly cases in 2015 reinforces the importance of Sinasc and the need to improve the surveillance of congenital anomalies.
Assuntos
Nascido Vivo/epidemiologia , Microcefalia/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Sistemas de Informação , Idade Materna , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine if the fortification of wheat and maize flours with iron and folic acid - which became mandatory in Brazil from June 2004 - is effective in the prevention of neural tube defects. METHODS: Using data from national information systems on births in central, south-eastern and southern Brazil, we determined the prevalence of neural tube defects among live births and stillbirths in a pre-fortification period - i.e. 2001-2004 - and in a post-fortification period - i.e. 2005-2014. We distinguished between anencephaly, encephalocele, meningocele, myelomeningocele and other forms of spina bifida. FINDINGS: There were 8554 neural tube defects for 17,925,729 live births notified between 2001 and 2014. For the same period, 2673 neural tube defects were reported for 194,858 stillbirths. The overall prevalence of neural tube defects fell from 0.79 per 1000 pre-fortification to 0.55 per 1000 post-fortification (prevalence ratio, PR: 1.43; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.38-1.50). For stillbirths, prevalence fell from 17.74 per 1000 stillbirths pre-fortification to 11.70 per 1000 stillbirths post-fortification. The corresponding values among live births were 0.57 and 0.44, respectively. CONCLUSION: The introduction of the mandatory fortification of flour with iron and folic acid in Brazil was followed by a significant reduction in the prevalence of neural tube defects in our study area.
