[Is there a correlation between dietary habits and hemorrhoidal disease?]. / Y a-t-il une corrélation entre les habitudes alimentaires et la maladie hémorroïdaire?

OBJECTIVES: It is empirically accepted that certain foods play a role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids or their acute exacerbation. The aim of this work was to determine whether there is a relationship between hemorrhoids and certain food-related or common toxin-related factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups of 50 subjects were compared. Group I was composed of 50 patients with hemorrhoid symptoms. Fifty volunteers with no proctologic abnormality were included in group II. We used a diet survey to compare total calorie, protein, carbohydrate, fat, food fiber, water, alcohol, salt, pepper, pimento, tea, and coffee intake was well as smoking habits. Episodes of constipation were also noted. RESULTS: Overall calorie intake, as well as protein, carbohydrate and fiber intake were similar in the two groups as were use of salt, coffee and tea. Dietary intake in group I was higher for fat (p = 0.02), alcohol (p = 0.01), pepper (p = 0.04, and pimento (p = 0.001). Subjects in group I drank less water (p = 0.008), smoked more (p = 0.01) and were more often constipated (p < 0.001) than those in group II. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide further arguments suggesting that dietary imbalance or smoking could be involved in the development of hemorrhoids. These factors should be evaluated in appropriate dietary inquiries. Epidemiological surveys would be required to confirm their possible causal effect.

[Ecoendoscopy in the assessment of esophageal neoplasms]. / Ecoendoscopía en la evaluación del cáncer del esófago.

OBJECTIVE: To asses the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the local and regional staging of esophageal cancer, and its possible alteration resulting from the performance of preoperative chemoradiation. METHODS: Prospective study of 85 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer evaluated by EUS and operated between January 1992 and December 1995. 28 of these patients had received previous induction therapy. In all cases, EUS examination was performed by the same physician not informed about the results of previous morphological explorations. Histopathological analysis of all specimens was performed by the same pathologist, not informed about the results of the EUS. Data were collected by another independent observer. RESULTS: EUS examination resulted in incomplete staging in 8 patients (9.5%) with severe stenosis precluding endoscope passage. The accuracy, specificity and sensibility of EUS in detecting the depth of esophageal involvement (T0-2 vs T3-4) were 82.3%, 78% and 86% respectively, and 72%, 70% and 73% respectively for the lymph node metastasis. The overall accuracy of EUS in identifying the preoperative stage was 67% with a clear-cut alteration when patients had received induction therapy (61% vs 72%). On the other hand, 7(64%) of the 11 patients thought to have a complete response at endosonography had no residual tumor. CONCLUSION: EUS provides precise information for the preoperative identification of locally advanced esophageal tumor, even after induction therapy. The latter alters the diagnostic accuracy of EUS, although complete responders could be identified in two-thirds os cases.

[Malignant tumors of the ampulla of Vater. Results of radical excision. A study of 39 cases]. / Tumeurs malignes de l'ampoule de Vater. Résultats de l'exérèse radicale. Etude de 39 cas.

STUDY AIM: From 1971 to 1995, 39 patients underwent curative resection of a malignant tumor of the ampulla of Vater. The aim of this retrospective study was to report long-term results and to determine factors influencing survival in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data was collected from patient record analysis, correspondence with patients, their family or general physician. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare survival data by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis evaluated the impact of each variable on survival. Values with a P value of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Resection consisted of pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 21) or pancreatico-duodenectomy associated with an antrectomy (n = 18). Overall mortality rate after resection was 10% (n = 4). General and specific morbidity rates were 71% and 2.5%. During the course of the follow-up (completeness: 100%) mean survival was 80 months (median: 37 months, range: 6-227 months). Five-year survival rate was 35%. Factors favorably influencing long-term outcome were exposed protruding and well differentiated tumors (P = 0.03, P = 0.01, respectively) and negative lymph node status (P = 0.0001). Prognosis was poorer if tumor was extended into the pancreas (P = 0.04). Among proposed histoprognostic classifications (classifications of Martin, Talbot, Shiraï, Yamaguchi), an excellent correlation was obtained only with TNM classification (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Results of the present study suggest that prolonged survival can be obtained following radical resection of a malignant tumor of the ampulla of Vater, especially for exposed protruding and well differentiated tumors, without extension into the pancreas or lymph node metastasis. TNM classification provides an excellent predictive value and should be used more systematically.

Ecoendoscopia en la evaluacion del cancer del esofago / Ecoendoscopy in the evaluation of the esophageal neoplasms

Objectivo: Evaluar la presición diagnóstica de la ecoendoscopía para la apreciación de la extensión loco-regional del cáncer del esófago, y su eventual modificación ante un tratamiento neoadyuvante con quimio y radioterapia. Método: Estudio prospectivo sobre 85 pacientes operados por un cáncer del esófago entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 1995, todos evaluados previamente con ecoendoscopía. Del total de 85 pacientes, 21 recibieron un tratamiento neoadyuvante con quimio y radioterapia. Todos los estudios endoscópicos fueron realizados por el mismo operador, que ignoraba el resultado de otros estudios morfológicos. Todos los exámenes anatomapotológicos de la pieza de resección fueron realizados por el mismo operador que desconocía el resultado de la ecoendoscopía preoperatoria. La confrontación de los datos de la anatomía patológica y de la ecoendoscopía fue realizado por un tercer observador independiente. Resultados: La ecoendoscopía fue incompleta por una estenosis esofágica en 8 casos (9,5 por ciento). La evaluación de la invasión de la pared esofágica tuvo una exactitud del 82,3 por ciento, uma sensibilidad del 78 por ciento y una espeficificidad del 86 por ciento. La evaluación de la extensión ganglionar tuvo una exactitud del 72 por ciento, una sensibilidad del 70 por ciento y una especificidad del 73 por ciento. La evaluación del estadío fue concordante en el 67 por ciento de los casos con un rendimiento totalmente alterado después de realizar tratamiento neoadyuvante con radio-quimioterapia (61 por ciento contra 72 por ciento). Paralelamente, 7 (64 por ciento) de los 11 enfermos que tuvieron una correlación ecoendoscópica perfecta habían tendio una respuesta completa con el tratamiento neoadyuvante. Conclusión: La ecoendoscopías es un método preciso para la evaluación preoperatoria de los tumores del esófago localmente avanzados, asi mismo después de un tratamiento deoadyuvante. Esta última alternativa modifica negativamente el rendimento ddiagnóstico pero de todas formas permite dos veces sobre tres realizar una correlación perfecta en aquellos enfermos que tuvieron una respuesta completa al tratamiento neoadyuvante.

Ecoendoscopia en la evaluacion del cancer del esofago / Ecoendoscopy in the evaluation of the esophageal neoplasms

Objectivo: Evaluar la presición diagnóstica de la ecoendoscopía para la apreciación de la extensión loco-regional del cáncer del esófago, y su eventual modificación ante un tratamiento neoadyuvante con quimio y radioterapia. Método: Estudio prospectivo sobre 85 pacientes operados por un cáncer del esófago entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 1995, todos evaluados previamente con ecoendoscopía. Del total de 85 pacientes, 21 recibieron un tratamiento neoadyuvante con quimio y radioterapia. Todos los estudios endoscópicos fueron realizados por el mismo operador, que ignoraba el resultado de otros estudios morfológicos. Todos los exámenes anatomapotológicos de la pieza de resección fueron realizados por el mismo operador que desconocía el resultado de la ecoendoscopía preoperatoria. La confrontación de los datos de la anatomía patológica y de la ecoendoscopía fue realizado por un tercer observador independiente. Resultados: La ecoendoscopía fue incompleta por una estenosis esofágica en 8 casos (9,5 por ciento). La evaluación de la invasión de la pared esofágica tuvo una exactitud del 82,3 por ciento, uma sensibilidad del 78 por ciento y una espeficificidad del 86 por ciento. La evaluación de la extensión ganglionar tuvo una exactitud del 72 por ciento, una sensibilidad del 70 por ciento y una especificidad del 73 por ciento. La evaluación del estadío fue concordante en el 67 por ciento de los casos con un rendimiento totalmente alterado después de realizar tratamiento neoadyuvante con radio-quimioterapia (61 por ciento contra 72 por ciento). Paralelamente, 7 (64 por ciento) de los 11 enfermos que tuvieron una correlación ecoendoscópica perfecta habían tendio una respuesta completa con el tratamiento neoadyuvante. Conclusión: La ecoendoscopías es un método preciso para la evaluación preoperatoria de los tumores del esófago localmente avanzados, asi mismo después de un tratamiento deoadyuvante. Esta última alternativa modifica negativamente el rendimento ddiagnóstico pero de todas formas permite dos veces sobre tres realizar una correlación perfecta en aquellos enfermos que tuvieron una respuesta completa al tratamiento neoadyuvante. (AU)

[Esophageal perforations and ruptures: a plea for conservative treatment]. / Perforations et ruptures de l'oesophage: plaidoyer pour un traitement conservateur.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the determinants and results on conservative management of oesophageal perforations and ruptures. METHODS: Retrospective clinical review of 34 consecutive patients (mean age: 62 years) treated for cervical (n = 10) or thoracic (n = 24) oesophageal disruption between 1985 and 1996. Causes were: spontaneous rupture (n = 10), instrumental perforation (n = 16), alimentary foreign body (n = 6), and blunt (n = 1) or penetrating trauma (n = 1). The diagnostic delay exceeded 24 hours in 15 cases. RESULTS: A nonoperative management was achieved in 8 patients with no mortality. A conservative surgical treatment was attempted in 23 patients, primary repair in 21 and open drainage in 2, with a 17.4% mortality. Resection (n = 2) or exclusion (n = 1) was performed in 3 patients with no early mortality, but one of them died as result of the subsequent reconstructive operation to restore oesophageal continuity. Overall morbidity was linked to the spontaneous cause of the perforation. Outcome of patients undergoing primary repair was not influenced by the diagnostic delay nor the surrounding sepsis. CONCLUSION: Conservative management should be advocated for the treatment of oesophageal perforations and ruptures, even in case of delayed diagnostiqiagnosis, regardless of the surrounding sepsis and cause of disruption.

[Endosonography in the preoperative evaluation of cancers of the esophagus]. / L'endosonographie dans l'évaluation pré-opératoire des cancers de l'oesophage.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the local and regional staging of esophageal cancer, and its possible alteration resulting from the performance of preoperative chemoradiation. METHODS: Prospective study of 85 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer evaluated by EUS and operated on between January 1992 and December 1995. 28 of these patients had received previous induction therapy. In all cases, EUS examination was performed by the same physician not informed about the results of previous morphological explorations. Histopathological analysis of all operative specimens was performed by the same pathologist, not informed about the results of EUS. Data were collected by another independent observer. RESULTS: EUS examination resulted in incomplete staging in 8 patients (9.5%) with severe stenosis precluding endoscope passage. The accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of EUS in detecting the depth of esophageal involvement (T0-2 vs. T3-4) were 82.3%, 78%, and 86% respectively, and 72%, 70%, and 73% respectively for lymph node metastasis. The overall accuracy of EUS in identifying the preoperative stage was 67%, with a clear-cut alteration when patients had received induction therapy (61% vs 72%). On the other hand, 7 (64%) of the 11 patients thought to have a complete response at endosonography had no residual tumor. CONCLUSION: EUS provides precise information for the preoperative identification of locally advanced esophageal tumor, even after induction therapy. The latter alters the diagnostic accuracy of EUS, although complete responders could be identified in two-thirds of cases.

[Early postoperative morbidity after hemorrhoidectomy using the Milligan-Morgan technic. A retrospective studies of 1,134 cases]. / Morbidité post-opératoire précoce après hémorroïdectomie selon la technique de Milligan et Morgan. Une étude rétrospective de 1,134 cas.

Milligan and Morgan's procedure is commonly used for the surgical management of haemorrhoids. The aim of our study was to evaluate short term postoperative morbidity. Between 1975 and 1990, 1,134 patients were operated on. Two patients died after operation. The most frequent complications were pain (71%) and urinary retention (16.4%). Hemorrhages (7.6%) resulting in a re-operation occurred in 1% of cases. Other complications were rare and always cured by a specific treatment (stenosis: 2.9%, anal fissure: 0.5%, abscess: 0.6%, fistula in ano: 1.2%). Two patients had anal incontinence partially improved by biofeedback. Hemorrhoidal was 2%. Short term postoperative morbidity is generally low after Milligan and Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, with careful supervision in a surgical department and repeated postoperative care.